Health promotion, pharmaceutical training and public health: A scoping review on readiness and competencies in studies with students and professionals.

IntroductionNurses constitute the largest professional group in the healthcare system. Their work, which requires constant contact with patients, families, and medical staff, involves the risk of excessive psychological and physical strain. Understanding the mechanisms of work overload is crucial both for patient safety and for the professional well‐being of staff.AimThe aim of this study was to examine whether excessive workload is present among professionally active nurses in Poland, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.Material and methodsThe study was conducted among three groups of nurses employed in hospitals in Poland, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. The survey was carried out from September 2024 to the end of March 2025. The study sample included 260 Polish nurses, 236 Slovak nurses, and 258 Czech nurses. The research tool consisted of a proprietary questionnaire covering sociodemographic data, as well as the standardized KONOP Work Overload Symptom Questionnaire. The chi‐square test for independence was used for statistical analysis. To assess the strength of associations, Phi and Cramér’s V coefficients were applied. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for nonparametric comparison of differences. Correlations between ordinal or quantitative variables were analyzed using Spearman’s rho coefficient.ResultsNurses from Poland obtained the highest scores for loss of control over work, perfectionistic work style, and perceived organizational oppressiveness. The highest scores for general attitudes toward work were recorded among Slovak nurses. Statistically significant differences between the groups were found across all scales of the KONOP questionnaire.Implications for Nursing ManagementThe country of professional practice differentiates the level of excessive workload among nurses. The greater intensity of selected dimensions of workaholism among Polish nurses may indicate a higher organizational burden and stronger occupational pressure. The findings suggest the need to implement preventive measures aimed at reducing work overload and improving the organizational conditions of nurses’ work environments.

Burnout is a common problem that negatively impacts the well-being of postgraduate medical trainees. The study aims to explore trainees' experiences of burnout in different specialties and generate potential strategies for prevention. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with trainees at a tertiary medical center. The inclusion criteria included residents and fellows practicing in the medical center irrespective of gender, age, specialty, and year of training. There were 32 residents classified as surgical specialty versus non-surgical specialty. Interview domains revolved around understanding burnout experiences in residency, causes of burnout, and potential strategies for prevention. Work overload was the most cited reason for burnout. Other emergent factors were understaffing, specialty type, faculty members/peers, economic and political problems, and personal factors. The leadership program is recommended to be aware of the early warning signs of burnout. Effective workload assignments with rest intervals and attention to work-life balance, and to self-care could help prevent burnout and promote overall well-being.

Considerable research has been dedicated to identifying the presence and impact of workplace psychosocial risk factors in the construction industry; however, there is limited qualitative evidence that contextualizes workplace stressors in relation to broader life stress. To qualitatively explore the perceived prominence of work stressors in relation to other stressors in construction industry workers' lives. Workers from an Australian construction company participated in a nation-wide survey. An open-ended question was asked regarding the greatest source of stress workers face within or outside of the workplace. An inductive, manifest content analysis was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach to meaningfully categorize workers' responses. Responses from 608 workers were analysed. Stressors in the work-related category were most commonly reported as workers' most significant source of stress (45%), followed by combined work and home/personal stressors (35%), home or personal stressors (14%) and no stressors (6%). Collectively, work was implicated in 80% of workers' most prominent source of stress. The most prominent specific stressor was work overload (high job demands, pressure and long hours often reported together; 23%), followed by poor work-life balance (18%). Work-related stressors are not only highly prevalent among construction industry workers, but are much more commonly described as their most prominent source of stress compared to home or personal factors. The centrality of work-related stressors within workers' lives more broadly, including those that straddle the work-home divide (particularly poor work-life balance), suggests the need for holistic approaches to optimally address mental health.

<i>Intensive care unit (ICU) employees experience specific organizational communication challenges that can increase their stress and burnout while decreasing their overall wellness. Twelve structured interviews and ten hours of observation with ICU employees were conducted to explore perceptions of increased stress and burnout. Multiple factors contributing to negative impacts on workplace wellness and burnout have been identified in previous communication literature, including work overload, time constraints, lack of management support, and role stressors. The findings of this study extended research on two additional organizational stressors linked to communication—patient families and travel nurses. Interactions with patient families since the COVID-19 pandemic have challenged ICU employees, with family members demonstrating overbearing and controlling tendencies as well as persistent questioning of ICU employees. The presence of travel nurses during COVID-19 were identified as a second stressor, with travel nurses’ inexperience in the ICU units creating communication challenges. Pay discrepancies between travel nurses and ICU employees also contributed to perceptions of injustice. The identification of patient families and travel nurses as two significant organizational stressors expands previous organizational research beyond the identification of job characteristics to illustrate how communicative practices contribute to emotional exhaustion in organizations.</i>

This qualitative study explores how public school principals perceive effective leadership and the challenges they encounter in Morocco’s Oriental Region. Twenty eight principals participated in an online qualitative survey, and their responses were analyzed following Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-phase process of thematic analysis. Findings indicate that participants perceive their roles as involving a balance between administrative management and leadership. Successful school leadership is described as involving a set of attributes including effective communication, collaboration, shared decision-making, ethical and professional integrity, offering guidance, and role modeling. Participants also stress that successful leadership requires patience and composure. School leaders’ efforts, however, might be hindered by the various challenges that reflect the demanding nature of leadership within this context. Key challenges that are highlighted involve managing relationships and collaboration, engaging stakeholders, work overload, dealing with unqualified or difficult staff, and enforcing regulations. These findings highlight the contextual complexity of school leadership in the Moroccan context and suggest the need for professional development programs that emphasize communication, relationship-building, stakeholder engagement, and contextual understanding.

This research examines how excessive task demands and institutional trust mechanisms influence innovative work behavior, positioning tacit knowledge sharing as an intervening construct among banking employees in Central Jakarta. A quantitative correlational framework with hypothesis verification was applied, whereby empirical data were obtained through structured questionnaires employing Likert scaling (1-5), administered to 260 permanent staff from Bank X and Bank Y via purposive sampling. Data processing involved descriptive statistical assessment and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via AMOS, satisfying established goodness-of-fit standards. Empirical outcomes demonstrated that work overload conditions and organizational trust significantly influence tacit knowledge sharing practices, while tacit knowledge sharing itself significantly predicts innovative work behavior. Furthermore, work overload and organizational trust were empirically validated as impacting innovative work behavior through both direct pathways and indirect pathways mediated by tacit knowledge sharing. These results suggest managerial implications including regulating workload distribution proportionally, cultivating organizational trust through equitable communicative practices, and reinforcing tacit knowledge sharing norms through best-practice exchange platforms, mentoring initiatives, and communities of practice. Future investigations should integrate additional explanatory variables (innovation climate, digital leadership orientation) and broaden empirical scope to alternative banking entities or service-based industries for more exhaustive understanding of innovative work behavior dynamics within digitally driven environments

This research compares communication technology (CT) use, job demands/resources, and burnout between remote workers in crisis and routine (non-crisis) contexts. Findings indicate that remote workers rely on CTs less frequently in routine contexts. Remote worker burnout levels were consistent across crisis and routine workers, but job demand and resource levels differed; compared to crisis remote workers, routine remote workers perceived higher role clarity, less work overload, and less coworker support. While no CT is significantly related to work overload or role clarity among routine remote workers, instant messaging (IM) is positively related to coworker support. IM also significantly related to lower burnout via coworker support. We relate findings to the affordance framework, demonstrating how remote workers have made sense of CTs and work processes.

This article recognizes and analyzes the curricular, administrative, community and teacher training tensions that misrepresent the pedagogical knowledge of a group of co-investigation of eight rural teachers that work with students of preschool and primary education at the same time in a multigrade classroom in a group of five rural schools in a province of Bogotá, Colombia. Through the design of a qualitative-descriptive study and the use of the Social and Pedagogical Cartography technique, individual open interviews and focus groups, the collection and analysis of data arose from a deep deliberation. The results show the dynamics in the multigrade that lead to the naturalization of the polyfunctionality of the educators, the work overload and the difficulties of simultaneously attending to a multilevel group with preschool and elementary school students. From the study, it can be highlighted the urgency of contextualized curricular planning, the construction of knowledge among academic peers and the necessity of attending bureaucratic disruptions and hierarchical use of power that underestimate and distort teacher’s pedagogical knowledge, autonomy and intellectual capacity.

Tanzania's expansion of secondary education, driven by initiatives such as the Secondary Education Development Programme (SEDP) and the Fee-Free Education Policy, has increased enrollment; however, it has also exacerbated teacher shortages, particularly in rural areas and for specific subjects. Teaching volunteers now fill this gap, yet their challenges and management remain a critical challenge. This study had two specific objectives: (i) to examine the challenges facing volunteer teachers in public secondary schools, and (ii) to evaluate managerial strategies used at the school level to support volunteer teachers. Eighteen secondary schools in Dodoma City hosting volunteer teachers were purposively selected for the study. From these schools, a total of 63 volunteer teachers and 18 heads of schools participated in the study. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to volunteer teachers, while heads of schools provided insights through face-to-face interviews. The study's findings reveal that volunteer teachers encounter various challenges throughout their duties. These include inadequate financial support, limited access to teaching and learning resources, a sense of inferiority compared to employed teachers, excessive teaching loads due to a high number of classes and students, and overall work overload. To address these challenges, heads of schools were found to have adopted various management strategies. These include providing induction or orientation sessions upon recruitment, offering ongoing support, supplying necessary teaching and learning materials, and assigning responsibilities that match the volunteer teachers' skills and interests. It was concluded that volunteer teachers significantly contribute to secondary education but face challenges such as inadequate support, limited resources, and excessive workloads, which undermine their effectiveness despite school leaders' efforts to support them. As such, it is recommended that policy support, fair workload distribution, improved access to resources, and ongoing professional development be in place to enhance the motivation and performance of volunteer teachers.

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings Individual factors such as self-efficacy, educational level and motivation and contextual factors such as task variety and work overload are identified as having an impact on workplace learning. Digital tools and hybrid working are recognized as emerging trends which have an impact on workplace learning. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

The research aimed to approach how healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and cross-infections are associated with hand hygiene in the hospital environment. Its objective was: 1- Build a survey related to Hand Hygiene regarding infections in health care and cross-infection; 2 - Raise through the literature the evidence of nosocomial infection through the hygiene of the hands of health professionals; 3 - Promoting Permanent Health Education for health professionals, through the creation of an educational folder. Method based on an explanatory, qualitative research and classified as a secondary study in which the group was based on bibliographic literature. Discussions were based on four categories: 1 - The importance of hand hygiene; 2 - The nursing team is more susceptible to infections due to direct contact with the patient; 3 - Work overload and lack of physical and chemical inputs; 4 - Importance of continuing education in the prevention of HAIs. Thereby, it is concluded that the specific objectives of building a HH survey related to HAI and cross-infection, bringing literature to evidence such embezzlement, were met. In addition, bringing Permanent Education as an intervention, through the realization of an educational folder. So, this study is important for the academic and scientific community, with the purpose of taking this issue forward and making it visible in the hospital environment, in order to guarantee the quality of care, prevent injuries and adverse events within the health institution.

Patient safety is an essential component of healthcare quality and a central focus of nursing practice, especially in oncology, where the administration of medications involves high risks due to the toxicity and complexity of treatments. This study analyzes nursing practice in relation to the safe administration of medications in oncology services at public and private institutions in the city of Rosario, Argentina. A quantitative, observational, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 30 nursing professionals between May and November 2025. The instrument used allowed for the evaluation of variables related to patient safety, medical prescription, drug preparation and dilution, the application of “correct” practices in drug administration, and the monitoring of adverse effects. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results show that most staff have adequate work experience and academic training, as well as access to the necessary supplies for the preparation and administration of medications. Likewise, a high level of compliance with safe practices is observed, such as patient identity verification, recording of administered medication, and monitoring of adverse effects. However, factors that can compromise patient safety persist, including work overload, frequent interruptions during medication administration, lack of time, and insufficient staffing. The study concludes that, although there is a culture of safety in the institutions analyzed, it is necessary to strengthen the continuing education of nursing staff and standardize medication administration protocols. These strategies would reduce the risk of errors, improve the quality of care, and strengthen patient safety in the oncology setting.

Burnout is a widely recognised occupational phenomenon, with emergency department (ED) healthcare workers globally facing a heightened risk. Despite this, data on the burden of burnout among ED healthcare workers, especially in low-resource settings, are limited. Our study sought to establish the prevalence and factors associated with burnout and workplace stressors among ED healthcare workers in Uganda. An online-based survey was conducted among ED professionals across four private and public hospitals. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey tool. Data were analysed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Data from 82 participants were analysed (response rate of 88%), with approximately equal numbers of males and females, just over half providing care to both adult and paediatric patients and 61% working in public facilities. Overall, 9.7% of participants met the criteria for burnout. In total, 48.7% (n=40) reported high emotional exhaustion, 21.9% (n=18) reported high depersonalisation and 35.4% (n=29) reported low personal accomplishment. At least 80% of participants identified key ED stressors including work-related fatigue, patients' financial problems, work overload, equipment shortages and challenges in balancing professional and personal responsibilities. After adjusting for covariates such as overload of health professional literature needed to be read, patients' financial problems, educational issues, lack of sufficient clinical skills and ED violence, burnout was positively associated with poor communication with colleagues in the ED (adjusted OR (AOR) 9.90; 95% CI 1.60 to 61.17; p=0.014) and with caring for the old and terminally ill patients (AOR 7.54; 95% CI 1.38 to 41.29; p=0.020). These associations were consistent with the high depersonalisation domain of burnout. Burnout, particularly in the emotional exhaustion domain, is notably prevalent among ED healthcare workers in Uganda. There is a pressing need for context-specific interventions aimed at improving early recognition of burnout and addressing persistent ED stressors. Such measures are essential to enhance ED healthcare workers' well-being, and ultimately improve in-hospital emergency care in Uganda.

This study investigates the challenges, work overload, and struggle for survival faced by women market vendors in Caetité, Bahia, highlighting over thirty years of work between the private and public spheres of five active research participants over seventy-five years of age. The methodological approach of the research was based on the oral history methodology.

Patient safety is one of the most important components of healthcare, where adverse events represent a significant challenge. The objective of this literature review was to analyze the human and organizational factors that influence the occurrence of surgical adverse events from a nursing perspective. This descriptive study uses a qualitative approach, searching scientific literature in the PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, and Specific Journals databases. The results indicate that fatigue, work overload, and communication breakdowns are the main human factors, while safety culture, resource management, and leadership are the main organizational factors. The study concludes that reducing adverse events requires strengthening the safety culture and the strategic role of nursing in the surgical environment.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2024 to February 2025 with the objectives of estimating the prevalence of wound and associated risk factors in 400 randomly selected horses in and around Debremarkos City, North west Ethiopia.The findings revealed wound prevalence of 38%.Work overload, overloading, harness type, age of horses and body condition scores were the major risk factors associated with occurrence of wound in the study area.The association was statistically significant (p-value < 0.05).Owners who work with horses for many days per a week and for long time per a day have more wounded horses than owners working for few days per a week and for short time per a day.Owners who put heavy load on their horses had more wounded horses than those put light load on their horse.Owners work with horse by poor harnessing material had more wounded horses than those use good harness material.Older horses and poor body conditioned horses were at greater risk of developing wound than young and good body conditioned horses.The distribution of wound on the affected horses showed differences, in which higher proportion (41.4%) of wound found at the back whereas moderate proportions (18.4%) and (20.4%) were at the head and wither regions respectively, lower proportions (6.6%) and (13.2%) were under belly and on legs respectively.In general, the present study revealed high overall prevalence of wound in horses in the study area that require training of owners and giving advice services in the area to ensure better management practices, to improve productivity of the animals and the community's livelihood.

This paper proposes a reflection on the attributions of the pedagogical coordinator, in particular that of proposing continuing education for the team of teachers in their school unit, during remote teaching caused by the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic. Therefore, the text of this research has a bibliographic survey done to define the pedagogical coordinator's attributions, regulatory documents of the public education networks during the pandemic used to understand the school context during the period in question and data collected by an online questionnaire elaborated for this purpose and answered by professionals working in the pedagogical coordination of municipal, state, federal and private networks. The sampling of the questionnaires in accordance with the bibliography studied brings as the main result that the coordinator still faces several difficulties to promote continuing education in their school units and that the pandemic period added even more work overload and several other obstacles to the process.

Introduction: Hospital-acquired infections represent a global challenge in patient safety, particularly in resource-limited regions such as the Ecuadorian Amazon. Objective: To evaluate the practice of the hospital isolation process in an Amazonian hospital. Methods: A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 25 nurses selected through non-probability convenience sampling. Two validated instruments were applied: the "Hospital Isolation Protocol Supervision Form" and the "Specific Record of Compliance by Type of Isolation," with Cronbach's alphas of 0.844 and 0.818. Results: The population was mainly made up of mestizo women (88%), aged between 30 and 35 years (48%), with nursing degrees and with 1 to 5 years of work experience. Acceptable compliance with isolation measures was evident: availability of individual or cohort rooms for droplet isolation (84%) and manually ventilated rooms for air isolation (48%). However, limitations were identified in the provision of surgical masks at room entrances (32% with frequent compliance versus 68% with occasional or no compliance) and in isolation card signage (32% with frequent compliance). Among the conditioning factors, personal factors stood out: lack of knowledge, inadequate perceptions, and limited experience; and organizational factors: scarcity of resources, poor supervision, and work overload. Conclusions: Organizational and personal factors directly impact adherence to isolation protocols, compromising the quality and safety of patient care

To assess how frequently midwives apply the 26 professional competencies across different work settings and to identify factors influencing their opportunities to do so. In Switzerland, midwifery education and practices are structured around 26 professional competencies. Opportunities to apply these competencies vary by work setting, potentially restricting scope of practice and participating in deskilling. A national cross-sectional survey was conducted between July and October 2024 among practicing midwives in Switzerland. Through an online questionnaire, participants rated how often they had the opportunity to practice each competency in the past twelve months, on a scale from 0 (never) to 4 (always). Differences between hospital and community-based settings were analysed using R. Qualitative responses to open-ended questions were thematically analysed to identify perceived barriers. Among 580 respondents, the mean frequency score across all competencies was 2.76/4. Hospital-based midwives reported significantly lower scores for 16 out of 26 competencies (62 %) compared with those in community-based settings (p < 0.05), particularly from the roles of Health promoter [E], Leader [D] and Expert [A]. Barriers in hospital settings included limited autonomy and poor working conditions, such as time constraints and work overload. Midwives in Switzerland face barriers to practice the full scope of their competencies, especially in hospital settings. In contrast, community-based environments seem to offer greater professional fulfilment. Strengthening institutional support and recognition, continuing education and professional networks are essential to enabling the full scope of midwifery practice and preserving autonomy, skills and care quality.