Division Of Work Research Articles

PENGARUH PEMBAGIAN KERJA DAN KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. HARMONI PANCA UTAMA DI TENGGARONG SEBERANG

Observations show that the division of work still overlaps or is uneven between one employee and another, the workload given is sometimes very heavy to carry out because it does not match the abilities of the employee concerned, leaders are less able to provide clear and directed guidance, leaders are also sometimes unfair to employees. which often puts some employees on a pedestal, causing jealousy among other employees. There are also employees who complain that the work facilities available at this company are still lacking. It should be PT. Harmoni Panca Utama must be able to pay close attention to the current conditions of problems in the company, to find solutions. If there is no further treatment, this will affect employee work productivity so that their daily activities will be disrupted. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of division of work and leadership on job satisfaction at PT. Harmoni Panca Utama in Tenggarong opposite. The sample in this study consisted of 32 respondents. The analytical tools used to analyze are multiple regression and hypothesis testing using the f and uii t tests. The research results show that together the division of work and leadership have a significant influence on job satisfaction at PT. Panca Utama in Tenggarong Seberang and each of these variables also has a significant influence.

The Integration of Community Problem Analysis and Involvement in Teaching and Learning

As a participatory action research approach, the participatory problem-solving learning process incorporates teaching and learning by applying active learning methodologies and instruments to analyze community problems. The target group comprised 40 people, split into 10 undergraduate students and 30 community leaders, based on quantitative and qualitative data. Active learning methods used in research on learning growth involve students in developmental learning activities. Integrating teaching and learning activities into a suitable community and social development in a tangible manner through a process of practice outside the classroom through community engagement. Participants and researchers collaborate to design teacher-student interactions that emphasize student action and participatory assessment. Students and teachers can collaborate to create a work division planning process, which includes the following steps: work planning, tool study, job description division, operational calendar, coordination, community context study, implementation process, improvement, problem solving, and development of tools to analyze community problems. Research has found that learners learn and develop skills through self-practice, such as going to an area and finding community problems. This was a problem-solving skill practice from real situations in the community, and self-assessment and community assessment in enabling students to discover their own flaws and lead to self-development.

Local Bilingual Teachers and International Teachers in China: Disparities in Employability and Work Experience

“Despite the division of work in subjects, wages vary dramatically for local and foreign teachers. Foreign teachers are generally paid more than double the amount of the local bilingual teacher’s wage” (School Headmaster, personal communication, August 10, 2020). With practical evidence of disparities and unequal treatment between international and local bilingual teachers, there is urgent need to address this issue because discrimination against local bilingual teachers and other unfair treatment violates teachers’ rights, since any inequalities based on race, ethnicity, or opportunities tend to challenge people’s sense of fulfillment and self-worth (The United Nations, 2017). Additionally, Kohli’s (2014) study provides evidence that learners existing in an environment where disparities are in place might observe them and become negatively impacted in the future. If these students go on to become teachers, internalized inequalities could influence their teaching, and thus inequalities are reproduced and inherited in educational settings, jeopardizing social progress and justice. With the prevalence of international schools and Chinese-English bilingual programs over the last two decades, a huge body of bilingual teachers across China are victimized, demanding for a scrutiny of the status quo (Gao & Wang, 2017). Unfortunately, current academic discourse is paying insufficient attention to the issue, focusing mainly on bilingual education typologies, the development of Chinese-English bilingual education, and teacher collaboration between Chinese and international faculty, albeit the issue’s importance and urgency. The purposes of this study lie greatly in the absence of relevant discussion of the problem. I aim to strengthen the knowledge base in the academic literature about Chinese-English bilingual education and to arise people’s awareness of racial and linguistic equities by revealing possible disparities between teachers and promoting justice for employees in Chinese-English high school level bilingual programs. To serve the above purposes, this study investigates the differences in recruitment processes and daily work experience between international and local bilingual teachers based on Phillipson’s (1992) concept of linguistic imperialism.

PELATIHAN PENGELOLAAN MENAJEMEN KEUANGAN PADA UMKM PUSPA PINUNJUL

Abstract 
 There are still many MSME actors who face obstacles in managing administration and financial management which have an impact on difficulties in obtaining access to capital and also in managing financial management. Community service is carried out to 1) To raise awareness and put the responsibilities of MSME actors/entrepreneurs regarding the importance of managing finances properly so that it will be easier to evaluate the development of their business, (2) To equip the abilities and skills of UMKM Puspa Pinunjul actors, (3) so that they can use and implementing a simple financial management system that is easily implemented in groups so that it can improve the financial performance of business units, (4) To increase the Participant's ability to make budget plans so that they can maintain the business and can develop the business in accordance with the plan according to the purpose of establishing a business. Community service activities are carried out at the UMKM Puspa Pinunjul in Klumutan Village, Saradan District, Madiun Regency. The implementation method goes through 4 stages which include Coordination and division of team work, shared perceptions with partners, implementation of workshops and Evaluation. Participants consisted of 17 namely the chairman and members who were members of UMKM Puspa Pinunjul. The results obtained from community service are an increase in understanding related to financial management and a positive response to the usefulness of implementing activities.
 Keywords : Financial management, Training, SMEs, Business Units

Manajemen Pemanfaatan Dana Desa Dalam Pembangunan Infastruktur Di Desa Puse Kecamatan Dampal Selatan Kabupaten Toli-Toli

Management of Village Fund Utilization in Infrastructure Development carried out by the Village Government to support community development and empowerment. Qualitative research method with a descriptive approach by examining four aspects, namely planning, organizing, mobilizing and supervising. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, documentation and triangulation. The determination of informants was carried out "Purposively", namely deliberately selecting 5 people to become informants. The data analysis stages are: Data Collection, Data Condensation, Data Presentation, Conclusion Drawing. The results of this research show that the Management of Utilizing Village Funds in Infrastructure Development in Puse Village, South Dampal District, Toli-Toli Regency begins with the planning process, namely the Village Development Planning Conference (musrenbang). then in the organizing stage at this stage the organizing in terms of division of work is carried out by the village head. Implementation Process where the implementation of activities and supervision processes is carried out by supervisors from the sub-district village and district supervisors.

THE IMAGE OF THE VILLAGE AND NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE

This interaction is also observed in literary criticism. The peculiarity of the literature of each era is reflected in the thema and the problem that it raises. The sanctity of the country land the transfer of national identity is an integral part of a work of art. This is reflected in the social nature, themes and ideological content of a work of art. The emergence of any topik stems from the characteristics of the literature of that period, fnd this is a deeriy moving question. The division of works of art into certain thematic classifications can be called conditional to a certain extent. In the seventies of the 20 th century, the opinion was established that the grouping of literary works by topic is carried out on the basis of the classification of critics. In any case, when describing and evaluating the originality of the literature of that period, it became necessary to define them from the thematic and ideologicalpoints of view. And in the description of the phenomena of a particular village and region, there is undoubtedly the presence of territorial features, toponymic names, signs characteristic of the local region.

The division of work in Senegalese conventional and alternative food networks: a contributive justice perspective

Labor conditions and rights are a key justice issue in agri-food systems, particularly in global, capitalized and industrialized food supply chains. While alternative food networks have emerged to produce and distribute food outside these logics, their ability to provide more equitable work conditions remains widely debated. We examine equity issues in the division of labor in food exchange networks in the horticultural sector of Senegal from the perspective of contributive justice. Contributive justice considers more broadly how different qualities of work are distributed and how work is perceived by the workers themselves. We performed 71 interviews of workers participating in three food exchange networks: (1) the conventional horticultural supply chain from the Niayes production area to Dakar, (2) an NGO-supported organic food network also supplying goods from Niayes to Dakar and (3) a community-supported agriculture scheme in a peri-urban coastal area. We investigated how functions and tasks are distributed along gender, ethnicity, place of origin and education characteristics of workers and how they qualify their tasks in terms of satisfaction and tediousness. We found a sharp labor division along gender, education and ethnic characteristics in the conventional network and a less sharp one in the two alternative networks. However, worker participants in alternative networks tend to belong to local elites and rarely include more disadvantaged people; they also tend to be less specialized and perform several functions, but do not necessarily express better work satisfaction. Workers who perform highly tedious tasks in the conventional network show rather surprising high work satisfaction. Based on these findings, we discuss the interplays between external and situated perceptions of work and the organization of food supply chains. This allows to critically examine the transformative potential of alternative food networks in the context of a lower-middle income country such as Senegal.

Belalek: Feminisasi Pekerjaan dan Peran Ganda Perempuan dalam Budaya Pertanian di Desa Makrampai

Women are often seen as human beings who have weaker physical abilities compared to men. This view implies the stigma that women are unable to do work draining stamina and physical strength. This view is contrary to the facts and reality found in the Belalek’s culture in the Malay community in the village of Makrampai. This study was aimed at analysing gender equality in Belalek’s culture in the Malay community of Makrampai village. This research was a field research with qualitative paradigm. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentary studies. Data were analyzed using phenomenological method. The results revealed that there was a gender equality in the form of feminization of work and the dual role of women in Belalek’s culture in Makrampai. The gender equality was motivated by the values ​​and norms prevailing in the Makrampai village community, which provided equal opportunities to both men and women in contributing to family welfare. At this level, women are no longer placed not only as second class people who are only able to complete domestic household affairs, but also have the ability to complete the same work as men on agriculture. Therefore, based on these findings, it was concluded that: First, labelling of women as weak, second class, and unproductive only applies to certain communities and cannot be generalized to all women in traditional societies. At the same time, the values ​​and norms prevailing in a society affected the views on the equality of women and men in fulfilling their livelihood. Therefore, at this level, the issues of gender and feminism were locally and very strongly shaped by cultural factors. Secondly, culture within certain boundaries contributed in carrying out the division and separation of work and responsibilities between men and women as represented in Belalek’s culture in Malay community of Makrampai.

The third shift: Addressing emotion work in couple therapy.

Research on the gendered division of household work in western political economies often neglects its emotional dimensions. This conceptual paper draws on concepts of emotion work and feminist care ethics to explore gendered and intersecting divisions of emotions and emotional work in couple relationships and their implications for couple therapy. Although emotion work has been studied in workplace settings, less attention has been paid to inequalities in the privatized realm of interpersonal relationships, including romantic and filial ones. Women and feminine partners' culturally presumed expertise in emotions typically positions them as carrying primary responsibility for managing emotions in intimate relationships. Couple therapy is an important site of interaction that can both support and, potentially, disrupt the invisibility and gendering of emotion work in intimate relationships, thus shedding light on recurring patterns of women's subordination and exploitation. We conclude by advancing suggestions for addressing gendered and intersectional dimensions of emotion work in therapy practice.

WOMEN'S ANNIHILATION IN KIDS TV SHOW “SI BOLANG”

Si Bolang has aired in Trans7 since 2006 and achieved various awards as a kids-friendly show. However, this show never showed a girl as its main character and limited the appearance of women or girls. The contents of Si Bolang become a discourse representation of its producer. This research reviewed the women's discourse in the Si Bolang by elaborating on the screen's symbolic annihilation of girls and women. This research used Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis method to analyze through three dimensions: text, discourse practice, and social praxis. This research analyzed the full episode of Si Bolang uploaded on YouTube by the official account of Trans7. The perspective framework used in this research is the symbolic annihilation of Gaye Tuchman. The text analysis shows that there are absences of women or girls. They have a limited appearance and only appear in the domestic realm, which is also a form of trivialization. There are discourse practices of femininity, mothering, the culture of domesticity, and the division of work in the hunting-gathering society that influence Si Bolang's content. Women's annihilation and role restriction of women on the screen shows that Si Bolang formed from patriarchal discourse. This discourse tends to eliminate and limit women's role in society. Researchers need to review women's discourse in TV or other media kids' shows to encourage gender equality in Indonesia's media.

A typology of U.S. metropolises by rent burden and its major drivers.

Scholarly work on rent burden, a rather scantily discussed topic within the broader realm of declining housing affordability, still lacks a firm theory. This article seeks to address this gap by developing a typology of U.S. metropolises which centers on their rent burden status and serves as an initial step toward theory building. We employ principal component and cluster analyses to identify seven distinct types of metropolises and their potential drivers of rent burden. An examination of these seven types suggests that rent burden has spatial randomness to it, since some metropolises in the seven types do not confine to specific geographies. Metropolises with pronounced specializations in education/medicine, information, and arts, recreation, and entertainment exhibit higher rent burden, whereas older Rust Belt metropolises have lower burden. Interestingly, emerging new-economy metropolises exhibit lower rent burden as well, likely reflecting the benefits of newer housing and a diverse economic base. Finally, rent burden, besides being an outcome of the housing demand/supply mismatch, is also a manifestation of income potentials that are affected in complex ways by local labor markets and regional economic specializations.

Pregnancy reduces concurrent pup care behaviour in meerkats, generating differences between dominant and subordinate females.

In some mammals, and particularly in cooperative breeding ones, successive bouts of reproduction can overlap so that a female is often pregnant while still nurturing dependent young from her previous litter. Such an overlap requires females to divide their energetic budget between two reproductive activities, and pregnancy costs would consequently be expected to reduce investment in concurrent offspring care. However, explicit evidence for such reductions is scarce, and the potential effects they may have on work division in cooperative breeders have not been explored. Using 25 years of data on reproduction and cooperative behaviour in wild Kalahari meerkats, supplemented with field experiments, we investigated whether pregnancy reduces contributions to cooperative pup care behaviours, including babysitting, provisioning and raised guarding. We also explored whether pregnancy, which is more frequent in dominants than subordinates, could account for the reduced contributions of dominants to the cooperative pup care behaviours. We found that pregnancy, particularly at late stages of gestation, reduces contributions to cooperative pup care; that these reductions are eliminated when the food available to pregnant females is experimentally supplemented; and that pregnancy effects accounted for differences between dominants and subordinates in two of the three cooperative behaviours examined (pup provisioning and raised guarding but not babysitting). By linking pregnancy costs with reductions in concurrent pup care, our findings illuminate a trade-off between investment in successive, overlapping bouts of reproduction. They also suggest that some of the differences in cooperative behaviour between dominant and subordinate females in cooperative breeding mammals can be a direct consequence of differences in their breeding frequency.

The impact of Japanese nuclear wastewater discharge into the sea on the global economy: Input-output model approach

As the division of work within the world economic system becomes increasingly complex, the impact of disturbing events on the economic system is expanding. Recently, Japan proposed to discharge nuclear wastewater into the Pacific Ocean, which will cause damage to marine fisheries, thereby seriously affecting fisheries and other industries in Japan and other countries and regions around the world. Considering different scenarios of final and intermediate demand shifting, this paper uses the Inoperability Input-Output Model (IIM) and Multi-Region Input-Output Model (MRIO) to simulate the economic consequences of nuclear wastewater discharge in Japan and calculate the economic changes of each industry and country (region). The results show that: In the short term, when only the final demand for Japanese fishery products decreases. (1) The ten countries (regions) with significant economic losses are Japan, the United States, Chinese Taipei, Canada, Chile, South Africa, Mexico, Peru, the United Kingdom, and Ireland. (2) The ten countries (regions) with a significant increase in total output due to demand shift are China (People's Republic of), the Rest of the World, India, Indonesia, Viet Nam, the Philippines, Brazil, Myanmar, the Russian Federation, and Malaysia. (3) A ranking of changes in the total output of different industries. In the long term, when both intermediate and final demand for Japanese fishery products decrease. (4) The change in value added in Japan. (5) The change in value added of 67 countries (regions) worldwide. The ten countries (regions) with the most significant increase in value-added are the Russian Federation, China (People's Republic of), the Rest of the World, the United States, Indonesia, Australia, Norway, Korea, Viet Nam, and Myanmar. The ten countries (regions) with the most significant decrease in value-added are Japan, Chinese Taipei, Chile, South Africa, Peru, Thailand, Mexico, Cambodia, Costa Rica, and Morocco. Changes in value added of 45 industrial sectors worldwide.

The Future of International Arbitration in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

This article postulates that there will be two stages for the implementation ofArtificial Intelligence (AI). In the short term, the first stage will lead to a complementary relationship between predictive machines and humans. After the cost of prediction decreases, new players come to the arbitration arena and the flow of capital to finance AI’s use in international arbitration is widely available, we will see the second stage’s outset where predictive machines will assist in more sophisticated tasks. AI may assist counsel in crafting arguments, and arbitrators in comparing evidence submitted, and finding conflicting fact patterns in the evidence. AI may even decide some aspects of a case. This requires a new division of labour. Lawyers will have to adapt and learn to delegate to such machines while being aware of their limitations. In response, new arbitration specialties will inevitably emerge. However, flesh-and-blood arbitrators will not be eliminated. While predictive machines may be able to decide certain aspects of arbitrations quickly and at a lower cost, the amount of data, the lack of repetitive patterns, inconsistencies, and parties’ agreement that the award shall remain confidential and state the reasons upon which it is based may hinder their capabilities. The current legal framework seems to require drastic changes to make way for AI. artificial intelligence, machine learning, international arbitration, expert systems, rule systems, the future of arbitration, division of work, intelligence

Money management over the course of marriage: Parenthood, employment and household financial organization in Japan.

In Japan, differentiated gender expectations are strongly emphasized and Japanese wives shoulder the majority of the domestic work. Although previous research has examined the gendered division of paid and unpaid work in Japan, much less attention has been paid to household money management patterns among Japanese couples. Traditionally, Japanese women do the household financial organization, regardless of their employment status. Husbands transfer all of their income and other earnings to their wives and receive a monthly allowance as pocket money. We use data from the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers (JPSC), 1994-2019 waves, to construct fixed-effect models to investigate how parenthood, wife's employment and husband's relative income are associated with different money management systems in Japan. Our findings show that parenthood is positively associated with female money management systems, whereas in dual-earner couples, women are less likely to manage household money. The results suggest that female money management in Japan is positioned as part of the package of wife / mother / homemaker roles and is a "female" task rather than "male". The results also show that the applicability of Western money management typologies and theoretical frameworks is limited for the Japanese context.

Dinamika Sektor Informal: Perempuan Pengrajin Sak Ikan di Desa Plalangan, Kabupaten Situbondo

The purpose of this paper is to reveal a form of activity of the majority of the people of Plalangan Village, Sumbermalang District as fish sack craftsmen. This is motivated by the relationship that the craftsmen have with local and outside collectors which is a factor in the emergence of these craftsmen. Being a craftsman is not only limited to economic needs, but the social and cultural sectors are also built in it. Bringing up an informal community for craftsmen, especially housewives to strengthen togetherness and kinship. The mothers there become informal workers making fish sacks. Trust, norms, and networks each have their own characteristics in strengthening, strengthening, and increasing the togetherness of craftsmen in the process of sustainable production. The three concepts of social capital also play a role in group management to form development strategies, fund allocation, cooperation, and group work division.

학교 내 직종 간 업무분장 표준화와 협의기구 제도화를 위한 제언

Objectives This study aims to propose policy measures for standardizing the division of work and establishing institutional mechanisms in order to suggest alternatives regarding the division of work among teachers, administrative staffs, and non-fixed term workers (teaching support workers, administrative support workers, etc.) in schools.
 Methods To the purpose, we used prior literature researches, office of education’s data, Korean education statistics service data, online 263 questionnaires on the division of duties of three occupations in schools, and FGI for the relevant expert groups (16 people).
 Results As a result, specific tasks with insufficient the division of works turned out to be low-income families support work, CCTV related work, safety work, recruitment work for fixed-term workers etc. If these works are listed, they are not consistently in charge of a specific occupation in the school's work list, and even they are not listed in many cases. Therefore there is a great need to standardize the division of works.
 Conclusions We have proposed several points of policy measures as follows. First, the problem of division of works needs to be dealt with in conjunction with the reduction of the total amount of work of school workers. Secondly, standardization of the division of works among three occupational types should be achieved above a certain level. Thirdly, a certain degree of autonomy should be required at the school level. Lastly, existing trade unions in each occupational types should participate in consultative bodies. At this time, in order to reduce the total amount of work, it is necessary to conduct a fact-finding survey on work in schools and eliminate unnecessary work that has no need to be carried out.

Peningkatan Efektivitas Kerja Staf Administrasi Melalui Penerapan Analisis Pekerjaan (Studi Kasus Pada Kantor Notaris Ebony Kiki Haga, S.H., M.Kn. Di Kota Balikpapan)

A notary is a public official who aims to serve the public in the field of legal services in making authentic deeds by the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 30 of 2004. This goal can be achieved if human resource management provides job descriptions and specifications to achieve employee work effectiveness one of which is the Notary Office of Ebony Kiki Haga, S.H., M.Kn, which requires employee work effectiveness in service activities. In this case, the administrative staff is the most important role related to the effectiveness of the notary's office. Work effectiveness has not been achieved properly because there is no defined job description and specifications, so there is often a miscommunication regarding the division of work. This research method uses descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques using field methods (observation), interview methods, and documentation methods. The data analysis technique uses qualitative analysis, namely by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions, then testing the credibility of the data using the triangulation method. The result of this research is that the work effectiveness of administrative staff has met 3 (three) indicators of work effectiveness, after doing job analysis with the results being able to apply job descriptions and specifications for administrative staff.

Factors Affecting Sumedang Regency Bawaslu Performance in 2022 Panwascam Selection Activities

This study aims to find out and analyze data regarding the performance of Sumedang Regency Bawaslu members in the 2022 Panwascam selection activities. This research was conducted using a qualitative method. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with five informants. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews and documentation. Research data were obtained through techniques: data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing which aims to obtain data to support the final research results. The results of the research conducted on the performance of the Sumedang Regency Bawaslu in Panwascam selection from the dimensions of service quality, responsiveness and accountability can be said to be good, seen from the ability of Bawaslu to provide services, provide assistance to prospective members, and have clear guidelines and sanctions. However, from the dimensions of productivity and responsibility it is still said to be lacking due to the lack of representation of women, the presence of members of political parties who have registered and the lack of clarity about the division of individual tasks within the working group. Suggestions in this research include increasing work effectiveness by carrying out socialization activities for women related to Panwascam activities, improving the quality of Bawaslu officers to minimize the participation of political parties and making written rules regarding the division of individual work in working groups. For written research sources, further research regarding the implementation of staffing policies in improving employee performance.

Women away from the altar! Resistance to the gender equality pressures in the Polish organisations of the Catholic Church in England, Sweden, and Belgium

ABSTRACT This article examines the practices that maintain the gender asymmetry in transnational migratory religious organisations, as exemplified by the Polish organisations of the Roman Catholic Church (so-called Polish Catholic Missions). Based on interviews with women and men involved in these structures as well as on our observations during fieldwork, we reconstruct the gendered division of work in such organisations, with a special focus on differentiation within the area of religious functions. Drawing on integrative theories of gender (especially of Raewyn Connell) and on the new institutionalist understanding of organisations, we investigate how and why these transnational religious bodies resist the normative pressures regarding gender equality stemming from the egalitarian contexts in which they function (England, Belgium, and Sweden).