Words Of Praise Research Articles

Evaluation of a discrimination training procedure for establishing praise as a reinforcer.

We evaluated the effects of a discrimination training procedure for establishing praise as a reinforcer for three children with autism spectrum disorder. After establishing two praise words as discriminative stimuli and two nonsense words as S-deltas, we evaluated whether the stimuli then functioned as reinforcers by presenting each stimulus as a consequence for a new response. The results demonstrated that previously neutral praise words functioned as reinforcers and nonsense words did not. As in previous studies on establishing reinforcers, the effects were transitory, and praise words did not continue to function as reinforcers after repeated exposure without discrimination training. Recommendations are provided for future research and maintaining reinforcement effects.

Parenting Approaches on Children Food Uptake and Nutrition Status in Kiambu County, Kenya

Parental use of reward and punishment is a key to reinforcement or deterrence of food choices among children an aspect that affects nutritional status throughout an individual’s life span. Kenya has a population of 47,564,296 people according to demographic survey of Kenya 2019, of whom 1.4 % are school-going children aged 6-years in Juja Sub-County of Kiambu, (Kenya National Beural of Statistics,2019). Cross-sectional analytical research design was adopted on 384 parent-child pairs, who were disproportionately sampled. Researcher-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. SРSS software version 26.0 was used to analyse the data with significance p<.05. Anthropometry data was analysed using WHO Anthro-Plus Survey Analyzer and compared to BMI-for-age (BAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and height-for-age (HAZ) Scores for the target population. Pearson’s correlation (r) was used to establish association. Boys were 48.0% while girls were 52.0% with a mean age of 6.4± 0.1. Almost half the index children (45.1%) were born first. Mean household size was 5.0± 1.66 with maternal mean age at 34± 4.9 years and that of the fathers at 39± 4.8 years. The majority of mothers (73.0%) and fathers (76.1%) had tertiary level of education with more fathers than the mothers in the formal sector of employment, with a higher income. All (100%) children reported being rewarded by receiving incentives like praise words (60.1%), while majority of them (92.0%) reported being punished in multiple ways by the mothers when they refused to feed yet a third of fathers (61.0%) praised and gifted their children to feed. Prevalence of stunting (6.9%), underweight (7.1%), wasting (7.2%), overweight (16.4%) and obesity (11.7%) was observed in the study population. A positive strong significant relationship (p=0.05, x2=5.2) between age of the mothers and punishment was noted, also shouting threats, grounding, inflicting pain & withdrawal of privileges (p=0.05, x2=9.6) was common among the married mothers. More parents with tertiary education (74.6%) and higher incomes (40.5%) gifted and gave special permissions which had a stronger positive relationship to food choices (p=0.06, x2=4.33) and nutritional status (p=0.04, x2=5.9). Food choices had a strong positive relationship to nutritional status (p=0.05) and so did dietary diversity (p=0.6). Majority of the parents reported that the demographic characteristics (83.8%) and Socio-economic characteristics (90.7%) affected their food choices as a household. Almost all mothers (98.8%) and more than half of the fathers (55.4%) felt that rewarding and punishing the study children in relation to food had an effect on their food choices and approaches

Beyond Gender Norms: Deepening Understanding of Transgender Individuals in Taiwan

<p>隨著同性婚姻合法化，社會對性少數議題關注增加，但跨性別相關議題仍未受到足夠重視。本文從不強調生理性別、不隨意幫人出櫃、以及適當的稱讚方式等方面，提出對跨性別者的互動需注意的要點。在臨床和日常生活中，尊重性別認同、避免刻板印象，有助於建立更友善、尊重的溝通氛圍。</p> <p> </p><p>Since the legalization of same-sex marriage in Taiwan in May 2019, Taiwanese citizens have become increasingly aware of the concerns of sexual minorities. One subgroup of sexual minorities that continues to be underappreciated is transgender individuals. This article offers several recommendations for sensitively interacting with transgender individuals, such as not emphasizing their biological sex, refraining from outing individuals against their wishes, and avoiding inappropriate words of praise. In both clinical and daily settings, respecting gender identity and avoiding stereotypes helps establish a friendly and respectful atmosphere.</p> <p> </p>

A Deep Learning-Based Study on the Graphic Semantic Analysis of the Children’s Picture Book “Jangal”

Abstract Jangal contains the rich literary value and aesthetic value, which has important research significance. Through the application of deep learning technology in graphic semantic analysis, this paper specifically describes the extraction method of graphic features in the children’s picture books of “Jianggeer”. Then, the BERT framework is used as the basis to construct the graphic semantic analysis model JCDB-BRET in this paper, and it is applied to the actual analysis of the graphic semantics of the children’s picture books of “Jianggeer” after training. In this paper, the model is used to recognize all the images in the picture book and branch out their semantics to be expressed, and the proportion of geographic images in the picture book is the highest at 36.55%. The rationality and pursuit of a harmonious home in “Jianggeer” are shown through the visualization of Benba Ledu, where Jianggeer lives. The textual semantics focuses on analyzing the praise words in the picture book of Jianggeer, and the description of the “fragrance” on Jianggeer’s body and the “warm fragrance” on his neck are used as examples to elucidate the aesthetic tendency of the Mongolian people embodied in the text.

A Word of Praise for the 1898 Court Structure Act

A Word of Praise for the 1898 Court Structure Act

The Words of Praise in the Holy Quran (Morphological Semantic Study)


 
 
 
 ABSTRACT
 Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, who does not praise others for creation and management, to Him is praise always.This research came under the title (The Words of Praise in the Holy Qur’an, a morphological and semantic study), praise from the devotional terms that came in the Holly Qur'an and the purified Sunnah of the Prophet, which prompted me to study it. The study consisted of two sections, the morphological one was from the topics, the declension inquired by each of the derivatives (praise),Whether the name of the subject or the noun of the object and the forms of exaggeration or other derivatives, I collected what came from the verses from the Book of Allah Almighty from the words derived from the infinitive (Al-Hamd) and the number of the words mentioned, whether in the infinitive or derivatives I examined it, and mentioned the difference between linguistic praise, customary praise, verbal praise, actual praise, and present praise. Then I mentioned in it how it is derived from the triple verb and the quadruple verb, then after that I mentioned the difference between them in terms of the morphological derivation, as well as the verb that only came once in the present passive tense. Then I mentioned the semantic topic in which I mentioned the differences between the triple verb (Hamad) and the quadruple verb (Hamad) and the semantic difference between the noun of the subject from them, then I mentioned the noun of the subject and the difference between them, Then I mentioned the object noun from the triple (Mahmoud) and from the quartet (Muhammad) and the semantic difference between them And its occurrence in the Holy Qur’an as the accusative noun appeared once from the triple and four times from the quatrain, and the one who does the superlative came once also, which is (Ahmed), and the Holy Qur’an used this name and its meaning, then differentiated between (praise) and ( compliment) as they are from the same fluctuations which is (Ha, Meem and Dal) . I mentioned the difference between them, then I mentioned the results of the research and its appended, and I mentioned the sources that I used in the research. 
 
 
 

IMPLEMENTASI REWARD PADA PRAKTEK PEMBELAJARAN PAI OLEH MAHASISWA STAI RAKHA AMUNTAI DI TPA NURUL YAQIN DESA BANYU HIRANG KECAMATAN AMUNTAI SELATAN KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI UTARA

One method and learning strategy that is often used and very effective in stimulating and fostering enthusiasm and motivation for learning is giving rewards. Reward in the world of education and Islam means tsawab/pahala/reward. Rewards are the result of good deeds given by God. And the word "tsawab" in relation to Islamic education is giving good rewards for the good behavior of students.
 This study aims to describe how the implementation of Islamic Education Learning uses the reward method at TPA (Al-Qur'an Education institutions) Nurul Yaqin Banyu Hirang Amuntai Selatan by students from STAI Rakha Amuntai. By using a type of field research (field research) that is descriptive, and with a qualitative approach..
 The results of the study show that giving rewards in Islamic education learning at TPA Nurul Yaqin by STAI Rakha Amuntai students as a whole ran smoothly and was effective in increasing the motivation and enthusiasm of the students to pay attention to learning. There are three types of rewards given by students in the Islamic education learning process at TPA Nurul Yaqin, namely the first social reward (reinforser) such as words of praise "smart kid/great kid" this form is also called verbal reward, second reward ( reinforser) activities such as giving applause and yells, and the third reward (reinforser) is symbolic such as giving material gifts. Supporting factors in the form of higher student motivation, while the obstacle is limited funds. One solution is to use rewards other than material forms if there are funding constraints, pay special attention to students, and provide special guidance to students.

IMPLEMENTATION OF HEAD OF MADRASAH LEADERSHIP IN AN ATTEMPT IMPROVING PROFESSIONALISM TEACHER AT MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH NEGERI TEBING TINGGI CITY

The background of this study is the decline in public interest in the Tebing Tinggi City Public Madrasah Tsanawiyah where the number of student enrollments is only 174 students compared to other public schools which reach more than 200 students in the 2022-2023 school year, so the purpose of this study is to analyze the leadership of madrasa managers. in improving teacher professionalism in terms of decision making, interpersonal communication, exemplary and Funishment and rewards. The research method used is a qualitative approach. The results show that 1) The decision-making process is carried out through discussion and has a positive effect on making improvements to the professional abilities of teachers. 2) The communication between the principal and teachers is formally formed, only in motivating, guiding and reprimanding. This makes a difference in the distance between the teacher and the madrasa head. 3) The Madrasah head provides an example of good behavior such as attendance, punctuality and obedience by following the Madrasah rules and regulations set by the Ministry of Religion. 4) The reward and punishment of the Madrasah Principal is only in the form of praise and reprimand. Awards and punishments were given as words of praise and thanks from the principal and had no effect on motivating MTsN teachers.

Korespondencja ks. dra Jana Kwolka z ks. prof. Janem Fijałkiem za lata 1919–1936 (część 2)

The correspondence of Rev. Dr Jan Kwolek and Rev. Prof. Jan Fijałek between 1919 and 1936 (part 2) The second part of the correspondence between Rev. Dr Jan Kwolek (Przemyśl) and Rev. Prof. Jan Fijałek (Kraków) presented here covers eight years: 1928-1936. As for the former priest it was the prime of his spiritual, intellectual and organizational development, whereas the latter was approaching the end of his life, enjoying deserved renown in the field of historical research; he died in 1936. No wonder then that the subject matter of the letters – in vast majority authored by the Przemyśl priest – was largely an account of his successive achievements, in particular in the field of modern organization of the Diocesan Archive which he headed, requests for academic consultations about the formation of a reference library, and discussions on current academic work. Rev. Jan Kwolek would regularly write to his correspondent about concentrating the records from the parish churches of the whole Przemyśl diocese, systematically deposited in Przemyśl. He also used to tell him about the positive reception of his work all over Poland, he shared his joy about significant interest among local theology students in archive work, he did not hide his concern for the fate of the Diocesan Archive due to lack of a successor; finally, he would inform Rev. Fijałek about current events in the local church: changes in managerial positions, deficiencies of the personal policy and his own successive promotions. On the other hand, Rev. Fijałek would spontaneously respond to his younger colleague’s requests, not so much instructing him on the matters of organizing the archive, as that was something Rev. Kwolek managed perfectly well, as indicating the titles of academic books indispensable in an archive library. He did not spare words of praise, which must have been an incentive for the younger priest to keep up the good work. The correspondence makes the reader admire the enormous achievements of one person in the field of establishing in the interwar Przemyśl a second modern research and academic institution (after the Archdiocesan Archive) accessible to historians dealing with matters of the church. The letters published here enhance the reader’s knowledge and awareness by so far unknown facts from the history of research under the aegis of Roman Catholic Church in the Second Republic of Poland.

EFL classrooms in the Indonesian context: How do eleventh-grade students perceive rewards in EFL instruction?

Perception is a cognitive process when a person interacts with their surroundings while accepting information from the brain. Students perceive of rewards during English as a foreign language instruction is important because perception can affect their learning ability. However, the eleventh-grade students perceive of rewards in EFL instruction was still unclear, this research aimed to investigate the perception of rewards among eleventh-grade students in a vocational high school in EFL instruction. The approach of this research was quantitative. With the help of Microsoft excel, eighty-one students in the eleventh grade were chosen randomly to answer the questionnaire, and 10% of them were chosen to be interviewed. A questionnaire and interview were employed to get the data about the eleventh-grade student's perceptions of rewards in EFL instruction. Then, the interview data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman data analysis, which consists of data condensation, data display, conclusion, and verification. Meanwhile, the data collected through a questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that rewards in EFL instruction could increase students’ motivation in learning as well as make them happy and excited during the learning process. Besides that, students picked words of praise as the reward that could make them happy and followed by any tangible rewards the teachers gave. Several suggestions for future research follow the findings of this study.

Treatment of Nature: An Ecocriticism Approach in ‘Komat Kamit’ of Tejo and Kamba’s Tuhan Maha Asik

This research was aimed at reflecting how Sujiwo Tejo and M. N. Kamba treat nature in Komat Kamit (murmuring), one of the chapters in their work entitled Tuhan Maha Asik. Tejo and Kamba explained clearly how humans have treated the natural environment. This research is considered important and worthwhile as it is an effort to raise human awareness about the importance of protecting and conserving nature. This also shows that a literary work can be a significant medium that also plays an important role in efforts to preserve nature or the environment. This study uses an ecocriticism approach, which is a study of the reflection of the interconnection between humans and nature in literary works. This research also uses descriptive qualitative in which the data obtained from the literary work are analyzed to determine the reciprocal relationship between humans and nature in Komat-Kamit, one of the chapters in Tejo and Kamba's Tuhan Maha Asik. The findings of this study indicate that how humans treat nature greatly affects the nature of the environment. Komat Kamit or murmuring is reflected as a habit to show human gratitude for nature to God. Such a habit also symbolizes human respect for nature. Human gratitude and respect for nature can result in ecological balance and sustainability. However, Komat Kamit, or murmuring implies that the relationship between humans and nature is not just words of praise to nature but must be realized with concrete actions to protect and preserve nature.

KENDALA DAN STRATEGI GURU DALAM MEMOTIVASI ANAK UNTUK BELAJAR DARI RUMAH (BDR) PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI PAUD NEGERI PERCONTOHAN KABUPATEN SIJUNJUNG

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed study practices and habits. Learning that is usually carried out in the education unit then moves to learning from home (BDR). Teachers and students are involved in distance learning which presents a number of challenges ranging from the obstacles experienced in BDR, both obstacles in planning, implementing and assessing learning, as well as requiring teachers to try to motivate children in implementing BDR during this pandemic. This is because changes in learning patterns that are so drastic have the risk of causing a decrease in the quality of learning. Whereas the quality of learning is the key to student learning outcomes. If the quality of learning decreases, the learning outcomes of students also tend to decrease (learning loss). This study aims to describe the obstacles experienced and the teacher's strategies in motivating children to learn from home (BDR) during the Covid-19 pandemic at PAUD Negeri Pilot Sijunjung Regency. This type of research is a qualitative research with a case study design. This research was carried out at the Pilot State PAUD in June and July 2021. The primary data sources or core informants in this study were 6 people, namely the teacher council, additional informants from the principal. The researcher acts as a key instrument, using supporting instruments in the form of interview guidelines and documentation studies. Secondary data in this study were related documents regarding BDR learning during the covid 19 pandemic. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviews and documentation studies, then the data collected was tested for validity using triangulation techniques. Then the data is analyzed using the opinions of Milles and Hubberman through reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the teacher's obstacles in implementing BDR include obstacles in BDR planning, teachers are constrained in determining learning indicators. In the implementation of BDR, the teacher has difficulty in determining activities according to the situation and condition of the child, while in the BDR assessment, the teacher is constrained in assessing aspects of child development because the child's development cannot be monitored by the teacher. The teacher's strategy in motivating children to BDR is to provide BDR activities according to the child's world, namely through games, creating whatshaap groups, delivering interesting learning videos, giving rewards in the form of words of praise and emoticons that add to the passion and enthusiasm of children in implementing BDR.

Narrators of hadiths described by Imam Ya`qub bin Shaybah with complex words of praise and slander, a comparative study in the rulings of the imams of Jarh and Tadeel

One of the critics' habit is to use words in which they express the narrator’s state of trust and discrediting, and it has emerged through tracking those uses that they may be singular, duplicate, or compound. It indicates the discrediting alone, as their saying, 'Weak is abandoned. But sometimes some critics use words that tear between the amendment and the discrediting, which may delude or constitute the critic's intention, and among these is Imam Yaqoub bin Shaybah, who described some narrators with such complex words After contemplation, I gathered those who said these descriptions about them and compared his words to the words of other critics, so that we can come up with a summary about the aims of this imam. The idea of the research is to study these words in the sayings of some of the imams of al-Jarh and al-Ta’deel to find out what is meant by this compound, following the method of induction and analysis. God bless.

Life of Stefan Dečanski by Danilo's Student and by Grigorij Camblak: Comparative Analysis

The purpose of the article is to show how two authors, one Serbian and the other Bulgarian, saw the great Serbian ruler and how they composed his biography. Even though the authors were not contemporaries, their work exhibits similar pattern. However, they write in different styles, and their views and opinions differ. In this article, we will try, with a comparative method, to reliably present the life of Stefan Dečanski from the point of view of two great medieval writers. We set the goal to research biographies of Stefan Dečanski as accurately, neutrally, and objectively as possible, which were written by Danilo's student and by Grigorij Camblak. Our task is to identify all the parts in the biographies that are similar, and then those that are mentioned only in one of the listed works. Given the complexity of the topic, we used a set of methods of which the comparative is dominant. The article consists of two parts - the first gives an overview of ancient Serbian literature and explains medieval biography as a genre, while the second talks about Danilo's student and Grigorij Camblak, the similarities and differences in their work, and then compares what they wrote about. In the end, we concluded everything that was said. The beginnings of authorial literature and works, which are the subject of the article's research, brought with them a new approach to the process of writing, which reached a higher level of artistic formation of biographies. Even though the authors wrote within the canon and observed, to a greater or lesser extent, the stylistic features of everyday literature, they participated in the creation of reality and the spiritual world, as well as a selection of excerpts from the biography of the ruler. Old Serbian literature is rich in genres such as biographies, words of praise, prayers, liturgical songs, messages, etc. The genres of Serbian literature of the Middle Ages and the new century do not match: in the old Serbian literature, there are no novels, stories, historical stories, which we will display in this article. Our research does not stop at the fact that Danilo's student writes in one way about a great historical figure, while Grigorij Camblak writes differently about the same person. We set out to show, through a genre definition, the extent to which these two writers differ and what their view of Stefan Dečanski was. We will try to explain that both authors created their works for certain reasons, which are mostly different, but sometimes similar. Both wrote intending to create a cult of the Serbian king. This article will try to achieve this goal - to answer the question and show the result of a comparative analysis of the works of two authors with the same topic.

Anacaona Writes Back: The Columbus Statue in Santo Domingo as a Site of Erasure

When Christopher Columbus’s human remains were discovered in a lead box inside Santo Domingo’s Basilica Cathedral of Santa María la Menor in 1877, Santo Domingo City Hall proposed commissioning a statue and a mausoleum. The Columbus statue featured an india, or a Native woman, presumably Taino chieftain Anacaona, on the pedestal base, writing words of praise to the admiral, who stood atop the monument. This essay explores how Anacaona’s racialized and gendered body symbolically validated a public nationalist discourse, while arguably erasing the roles that Blacks and Indigenous peoples had played in shaping island life since 1492.

Effect of mental resilience of left-behind children on self-esteem and emotional processing bias and social coping styles.

The long-term separation of parents and children as well as the incomplete family structure affect the mental health development of left-behind children and the formation of healthy personality, good interpersonal relationships and positive coping styles in adulthood. At present, there is insufficient empirical investigations on the mental resilience of left-behind children. It is aimed to understand the mental health of left-behind children and explore the characteristics of mental resilience, self-esteem and emotional processing bias, as well as social coping styles. The random sampling method is used to select the left-behind children as the research subject. The general demographic information questionnaire, RSCA (Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescent), emotional self-rating scale, SES (Self-Esteem Scale), and coping style questionnaire are used for the survey. Also, the experiments on cognitive processing bias effects of self-esteem and emotion are further carried out. There are differences in demographic variables in mental resilience, self-esteem level, emotional level, and social coping styles. The low mental resilience group shows a processing bias towards low praise words, while the high mental resilience group shows a processing bias towards high praise words. At a low level of self-esteem, there is an interaction between mental resilience and self-esteem on low praise words. Mental resilience has a significant effect on the cognitive processing bias of emotion. Under the induction of positive emotions, the high mental resilience group responds significantly more slowly to the negative words than the low mental resilience group. Under the induction of negative emotions, the high mental resilience group responds significantly faster to the negative words than the low mental resilience group. Promoting the mental health education of left-behind children can start from enhancing positive emotions, reducing negative emotions, developing high self-esteem, and improving mature coping styles.

Membangun Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik SD pada Masa Pandemi Menggunakan Reward

<p><em>Learning during the Covid-19 pandemic demands to create innovation and creativity in supporting the online learning process. The reality is that a lot of learning received by students is monotonous only in the form of assignments without any feedback or reinforcement of student learning outcomes. This causes students to become bored, lack enthusiasm in learning, and many students prefer to play rather than study during a pandemic because there is no motivation or reinforcement from the teacher. Giving rewards is very important given by teachers to students as feedback, reinforcement and appreciation because students have been willing to learn every day. Teachers should strive to provide rewards in innovative forms so that students feel interested and happy in learning. Rewards can be in the form of words of praise, giving a score of 100, a thumb sticker, a smile or other sign of encouragement that the teacher can give to students to raise enthusiasm for learning.</em></p>

Public emotion responses during COVID ‐19 in China on social media: An observational study

COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) has attacked many countries around world and caused profound impacts on public life. The outbreak of pandemic and other relevant factors are considered to cause emotion responses of residents. And the emotion responses of individuals are crucial for the execution of the prevention and control measures. By analyzing the linguistic features of posts on social media, this study aims to explore the change of public emotion responses during COVID-19 in China. We sampled 22,423 Weibo users and collected their Weibo posts by provincial area each day from January 1st, 2020 to April 18th, 2020. Next, we extracted linguistic features from posts according to the emotion-related dictionary. Based on important news and information released by the national and international organizations of public health, we divided the period from January 1st, 2020 to April 18th, 2020 into four stages (the initial period, the outbreak period, the stable period, and the prevention and control period). Then we gathered linguistic features by stage. After that, ANOVA was performed to examine the differences among these four stages. The results showed that the frequencies of 11 word categories showed significant differences among four stages, including fear, disappointment, guilt, missing, anger, panic, blessing, faith, love, praise, and surprise. The uses of several negative emotion words, such as fear, disappointment, guilt, and anger, increased saliently in the outbreak period compared with the initial period. Besides, panic words decreased significantly in the prevention and control period compared with the outbreak period. However, missing words were used more in the prevention and control period than other three periods. Moreover, people expressed more faith words and less love words in the outbreak period than the initial periods. Besides, people used more blessing words in the outbreak period compared with the stable period and prevention and control period. And praise words were used more in the outbreak period and the stable period compared with the initial period. The frequency of surprise words was significantly low only in the initial period. This study contributed to the understanding of public emotion responses during COVID-19, and had implications for the evidence-based execution of prevention and control measures.

Implementasi pemberian reward pada pembelajaran matematika di kelas V MIN 2 Kota Palembang

Reward is basically a response given by the teacher to the behavior or deeds of students who are considered positive, and cause recurrence or increase the behavior. The results of the study show that the teacher has applied a reward (1) Implementation of a reward in Mathematics learning in VA class that has implemented a reward using words of praise, " good "," good "," enthusiasm "and applause. Using prizes in the form of stationery, which are given to students who are able to answer questions. There is also a form of respect that is a good grade will be announced in the school field and awards in the form of certificates, trophies and pocket money given to students who get 1-3 rank from each class (2) The inhibiting factors are financial and time constraints. (3) And the supporting factor is the existence of support from the school in the form of motivational encouragement in the form of a charter given by the school to teachers who are disciplined and have good performance and aim to encourage the enthusiasm of students to compete in learning.

An Analysis of the Use of Secondary Reinforcers by Pre-School Teachers for the Students with Special Needs in Inclusive Classes

Reinforcement is one of the widely used practices in today's educational environments. Teachers often use reinforcement as a form of discipline in the classroom, and these reinforcements allow students to learn new ideas, skills, and rules. Reinforcers can be used effectively in teaching of the social and academic skills as well as in reducing or eliminating problem behaviors. Therefore, this study aims at identifying how pre-school teachers in inclusive classes employ secondary reinforcers for the students with special needs. The study is designed as a descriptive research. The participants of the study are four pre-school teachers working in Ankara who teach students with special needs. In this study, the data were collected through the Teacher and Student Information Form and Learned Reinforcement Checklist which was developed by the author. The findings of the study indicate that the participants mostly use social reinforcers. In other words, they all prefer to use social reinforcers such as praise words and applauding for the students with special needs. The findings of the study indicate that the participants employ limited number of activity reinforcers and all teachers participated in the study employed token reinforcers for the students with special needs.