Women Self Research Articles

Bad mommies: socio-cognitive judgments of single mothers with alcohol use disorder

Gender disparity persists in the United States; women are still paid less than men and are also subject to discrimination in the workplace based on the fact that they may become mothers. Further, there is evidence to indicate that single mothers are judged more harshly than their married mother counterparts and single fathers. As a form of amelioration, some women self medicate with alcohol and according to the CDC), alcohol use disorder (AUD) is on the rise for women. Although there is research on gender disparity, the motherhood penalty, and AUD, there are no experiments testing socio-cognitive judgments on those combined factors and specifically examining what we term “the single motherhood penalty”. Therefore, in two experiments using between-participants designs, participants rated a picture of a person (female or male) paired with a brief description where marital status (single or married) and type of ailment (alcohol or physical) was manipulated. In Experiment 1, a passive AUD manipulation did not show a clear single motherhood penalty. In Experiment 2, the results of an active AUD manipulation supported the predicted single motherhood penalty (Experiment 2a), but did not show an analogous single fatherhood penalty (Experiment 2 b). These findings are the first to offer empirical evidence that socio-cognitive judgments might perpetuate the interplay of the single motherhood penalty and AUD.

#BlackGirlMagic: Impact of the social media movement on Black women's self esteem.

#BlackGirlMagic: Impact of the social media movement on Black women's self esteem.

Socio-economic empowerment of women self help group through backyard poultry farming in Mandla district

Role of Women in Animal Husbandry cannot be separated but their contribution is mostly neglected. The present study was conducted in six villages of Narayanganj and Niwas blocks of Mandla District to empower women self help groups. For integration of Narmada Nidhi among tribal women SHGs extension interventions like awareness camps, exposure visits and trainings on poultry management were organized in the study areas. Data were collected from 6 women self help groups through a structured interview schedule by personal interview method. Results revealed that, each tribal SHGs were economically benefitted as they received an average income of ₹17,032 during the 8 months study period. Proper extension strategies like awareness campaigns, exposure visits and training helps in capacity building of tribal people. Thus, appropriate extension cum technological interventions (Narmada Nidhi Backyard poultry) played an important role to empower tribal women socially and economically, as it generates cash income and provides employment opportunities, while increasing production of valuable foods (eggs and meat) that improve household nutrition.

How Kerala transgenders are faring amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Dear Editor, We read the article by Asadi[1] with great interest where the authors have described how an empowered transgender community gains the ability to handle adversities. The transgenders are a vulnerable group in this pandemic. The 2011 census and 2015 Kerala transgender survey estimates 3,902[2] and 25,000[3] self revealed transgenders, respectively, in Kerala. With a high literacy rate of 94%,[2] the transgenders in Kerala depict a strong community with empowered members who actively voice their rights and needs. An article by Madhavan[4] and other literature[5] reveal transgenders have high prevalence and risk factors for non-communicable, communicable diseases, HIV, high tobacco consumption and other conditions, which makes them prone to COVID-19 adversities. Older transgenders are at a higher risk due to weaker immunity, possible presence of comorbidities, emotional and financial issues. The pandemic scenario would leave many on hormone replacement therapy and with scheduled gender reassignment surgeries unable to continue with it. Lack of familial support, stress about COVID and non-COVID conditions including post-surgical care are major issues. Majority mostly rely on daily wage/unsteady jobs including begging and paid sex. The pandemic has impinged drastically on their outdoor work and income generation. Their stay in overcrowded circumstances makes social distancing difficult posing high transmission threat. Inability to pay rents during such periods of non-earning makes secure shelter difficult. However, Kerala became the first state to provide relief in the form of temporary housing and food facilities to transgenders who had registered with the government during the lockdown. This falls in line with the State Policy for Transgenders in Kerala, 2015[3] which noted inclusiveness of transgenders in the socio-economic and political spectrum as pivotal; and The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 which has a component of access to welfare measures including healthcare. The Transgender cell,[3] a first in the country, functioning under the Social Justice Department caters to this population’s needs including operating a 24 × 7 distress counselling helpline. Many live together in large households and such clusters might need more provisions than an average household. Those who choose temporary shelters like lodges find cooking facilities inaccessible even after receiving raw materials. Steps to provide cooked food are taken in transgender care homes. Special arrangements for vaccinating transgenders and providing kits containing sanitizers and masks are under process to ensure coverage in the second wave. Kerala’s Kudumbashree system (Women Self Help Group) has empowered transgender ‘neighbourhood groups’ in eight districts that enthusiastically worked towards public service during COVID-19. Augmentation of such groups across the state and country can prove highly effective. The government welcomed 0.015% transgenders who enrolled in as COVID-19 volunteers in the pandemic control activities of the state.[6] Transgender identity options are being included in all Kerala government application forms to aid in identification and improve service coverage to the invisible pocket-sects of this populace. Health workers may be motivated further to give equitable care by promoting provision for essential primary medical and advanced care through telemedicine services, addressing mental health issues to provide psychosocial support amidst the pandemic scare and infection. Financial support and sponsorship SHSRC-K Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

Profile of tribal women self help group members of Bankura district of West Bengal

Profile of tribal women self help group members of Bankura district of West Bengal

Barreras para diagnóstico y tratamiento de cáncer de cuello uterino en un hospital público de Lima, Perú: un estudio cualitativo

Objetivos: analizar y discutir las barreras para diagnóstico y tratamiento de cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU) en un hospital público de Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo entre los meses de diciembre 2019 y marzo 2020. Observación y entrevistas a profundidad fueron las herramientas de recojo de información empleadas. En total, 15 entrevistas a profundidad con pacientes y distintos miembros del personal de salud fueron realizadas. Resultados: para los diferentes miembros del personal de salud, las barreras se centran en la falta de personal y mejora de las infraestructuras hospitalarias. Esto ocasiona un debilitamiento en campañas de educación sobre la importancia del tamizaje para la prevención del CCU. Para las pacientes, los tiempos, el desconocimiento y el miedo a exponerse ante un personal de salud varón, son las principales barreras para la toma de decisiones en salud respecto a la prevención y cuidado de CCU. Conclusiones: la débil infraestructura hospitalaria repercute en actividades de educación y promoción sobre CCU. También impacta el tiempo de entrega de resultados de pruebas de tamizaje y el acceso a citas ginecológicas. Estas demoras generan ausencias y discontinuidad en el autocuidado de las mujeres. Esta realidad, sumada al desconocimiento sobre la gravedad del CCU por parte de las pacientes y a la priorización de responsabilidades laborales y domésticas, invitan a reflexionar sobre el insuficiente trabajo del sistema de salud en relación al manejo de esta enfermedad.

A Time to Cross the Barriers of Patriarchy: A Scheme for Women Self Help Groups in Odisha

The newly launched Scheme by the Govt. of Odisha for convergence of ‘Mission Shakti’ with ten Govt. Departments for provisioning of services and procurement of goods has transformative potential to challenge the patriarchy by broadening the working spheres of Women Self Help Groups (WSHGs) from four walls of the domestic sphere to a public platform. However, this Scheme suffers from the shortcomings of an imbalance between the aims and lack of inclusivity of WSHGs, which need to be removed by taking proper measures before the Scheme is fully implemented.

COVID-19: Group testing and digital technology “Aarogya Setu” - the need of the hour

The importance of group testing, efficient utilization of the diagnostic tests and its applications are highlighted. Though it has advantages, the challenges and constraints and the need for the policy from the concerned authorities to implement group testing in a reliable manner with competent persons were brought out. Thus, with group testing and the use of digital technology “Aarogya Setu” in India, we are confident that we will be able to diagnose cases and implement surveillance activities successfully. Popularization of “Aarogya Setu” by all categories of healthcare workers, teachers, women self help groups and other users of android mobile phones in the interest of the Nation and community at large, towards disease containment were cited. However, the ethical aspects of deployment of such kind of approach as part of a multidimensional public health response, and its usefulness in infectious disease outbreaks have to be monitored.

Constraints Faced by the Women Self Help Groups in Nagaland and Suggest Measures to Overcome

Although women Self Help Group (SHG) act as a catalyst in mobilizing poor women to attain socio and economic empowerment, it has been observed that women Self Help Group are facing various constraints which act as a barrier for many SHG to function effectively. In this context, it is important to study the nature of constraints facing by the Self Help Group and suggest suitable measure to overcome. Such, study to identify the nature and complexities of problems facing by the Self Help Group would help in strategizing policy measures for Self Help Group. Therefore, in this study attempt has been made to identify constraints faced by the Self Help Group and suggest suitable measures to overcome such constraints. The study was conducted in selected districts Nagaland. Multistage purposive random sampling was adopted for sampling 120 Self Help Groups for detailed study. Garrett’s Ranking Technique was applied for interpreting the results and to draw conclusion from the findings. From the study it was found out that the lack of technical know-how for taking up productive activities, lack of marketing facilities and inadequate loan amount which was ranked first, second respectively followed by lack of training facility for skill improvement, low social educational background of the members and delay in sanctioning loans.

Economic resurgence through processing and value addition of fruits and vegetables for women SHGs of district Raipur in Chhattisgarh

Krishi Vigyan Kendra Raipur Conducted on Farm Trials (OFT) and Field Level Demonstrations (FLD) together with sustained capacity building, for empowering Women Self Help Group of District Raipur during 2018-19. Trials were based on Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Labelling and Packaging Solutions. Total 118 women from 11 SHGs from 4 Villages from Raipur District were selected for the OFT/FLD. Processed products prepared were 5 types of Pickles, 3 types of Ready to Serve TS Beverage, Moringa Leaf Powder and Mushroom Powder. After training the products prepared by are being sustainably sold by the SHGs through, various retail outlets and IGKV University Sale Counter managed by KVK Raipur. At present our results of OFT/FLD shows that each member of the group earned an income ranging from Rs. 2000/- to Rs. 5000/- per month. In the present study, it has been found that Processing and Value addition of Fruits and Vegetables has high trainability, low investment and potential for Sustainable Income Generation for women SHGs. This has shown to serve as contributing cause for women empowerment and SHG promoted self-reliance by generating its own funds.

Skill and Capacity of Women through Social Mobilization: Analysis of Urban Women Self Help Groups in Coimbatore City

The study attempts to understand and anlayse the skill and capacity of women through social mobilisation. It is proved that the Self Help Groups (SHGs) played a key role in mobilizing the poor towards developing the habit of saving and avail credit from financial institutions. Social Mobilisation has been adopted as an appropriate approach to mobilise the local communities which is essential to carry out any intervention. The main objective of the study is envisioned to identify the enhancement of skill and capacity of the women through social mobilization. The methodology for the study is Survey research and describes the skills and capacities of the women of Urban SHGs. Multi stage sampling was employed to collect data from 14 SHGs comprising of 156 SHG members. The results revealed that participation of group members in SHGs increase their literacy skills, communication skills, banking skills and vocational skills. Also it is evident that a vast majority of the women (77.6%) do not have any vocational skills which indicates there is huge need of training women in vocational as well as entrepreneurship skills to generate income.

Skill and Capacity of Women through Social Mobilization: Analysis of Urban Women Self Help Groups in Coimbatore City

The study attempts to understand and anlayse the skill and capacity of women through social mobilisation. It is proved that the Self Help Groups (SHGs) played a key role in mobilizing the poor towards developing the habit of saving and avail credit from financial institutions. Social Mobilisation has been adopted as an appropriate approach to mobilise the local communities which is essential to carry out any intervention. The main objective of the study is envisioned to identify the enhancement of skill and capacity of the women through social mobilization. The methodology for the study is Survey research and describes the skills and capacities of the women of Urban SHGs. Multi stage sampling was employed to collect data from 14 SHGs comprising of 156 SHG members. The results revealed that participation of group members in SHGs increase their literacy skills, communication skills, banking skills and vocational skills. Also it is evident that a vast majority of the women (77.6%) do not have any vocational skills which indicates there is huge need of training women in vocational as well as entrepreneurship skills to generate income.

DIY Entrepreneurship? – Self‐reliance for Women Refugees in Australia

AbstractIn this paper, we call for a re‐examination of the self‐reliance ideology based on a neoliberal perspective to make policies for refugee women's (self‐)employment and integration. We use a social constructionist perspective to conduct a narrative analysis of data from the lived experience of twelve women refugee entrepreneurs. Three prominent themes emerge from the women’s own narratives of their entrepreneurial journey – self‐reconstruction, social capital, and resilience. Our findings reveal the complexities of self‐reconstruction and socialization as experienced by refugee women entrepreneurs – for whom “push” factors take precedence over “pull” factors with the explicit understanding that the onus is on them to survive with their own resilience. We argue that offering people hope of a new life means offering them meaningful choices, built on forms of economic activity whose sustainability over the long term is evidenced by the positive supports available to make sure economic activity succeeds.

A STUDY ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SELF- HELP GROUPS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VILLUPURAM DISTRICT IN TAMIL NADU

The empowerment of women has been apparent as a focal issue in deciding their status in recent years. The target of the examination are to replicate the social effect of women self help group, to look into the adjustments in the social clause SHGs, to gauge the effect of the SHGs on the social state of the individuals, and to dissect the demeanour of the individuals from the SHGs towards social effect. The investigation is distinct nature. Just essential information has been made utilized off with the end goal of examination. Essential information has been gathered through a field overview. The example size of the examination is 300 respondents. The specialist has utilized stratified random testing. The survey has used to gather the information from respondents. The study area is Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu. The collected data has been analysed using discriminant analysis. The study would be immensely useful to researchers, planners and policy makers in overcome the problems of women and in formulating strategies for the social progress and empowerment women through SHGs in Tamilnadu in general and predominantly in Villupuram District.

Can Women's Self-Help Groups Contribute to Sustainable Development? Evidence of Capability Changes from Northern India

This paper offers an evaluation of a supported women's self help program with over 1.5 million participants in one of the poorest rural regions of the world (Uttar Pradesh, India). Methodologically, it shows how indicators from the direct capability measurement literature can be adapted for program evaluation in a low income country setting. Unique data on capabilities across a range of dimensions are then developed for some 6000 women and used to estimate a number of propensity score matching models. The substantive empirical results of these models indicate that many of the capability indicators are higher for program members, that the difference appears robust, and that there are significant benefits for those from scheduled tribes and lower castes.The discussion highlights two points. First, human development improvements offered by multi-strand programs can help to explain the paradox as to why nearly 100 million women (in India alone) have participated in self help programs despite modest global research evidence for micro-finance impacts on nominal incomes. Second, results argue strongly for the use of capability measures over agency measures focused solely on household decision-making to assess women's empowerment when structural causes of disempowerment, external to the household, are present and significant.

Economic Analysis of Women Self Help Groups Generating Dairy Activity

In India, the majority of the people live in a rural area and are engaged in agriculture, earning a subsistence wage. Women are a vital part of the Indian economy and employment to build their empowerment. Provision of loans and financial services to the poor is an important aspect of the development agenda of any economy. To ascertain the technical efficient self-help groups and identify the possible determinants of technical efficiency of dairy self-help groups. This study was undertaken in rural areas of Amravati division and for this study Selected those self-help groups which were engaged in agriculture-based activity dairy. To analyse the objectives of the study to ascertain the technical efficient self-help groups and identify the possible determinant of technical efficiency of dairy self-help groups, the primary data was collected with the help of Personal interview of self-help groups. The marginal value of productivity of assets determined to decrease the use of assets and scope to be increasing this variable. The variable asset executed negative significant contribution in determining the gross loan its indicates declining assets affects to the loan refund and hence its indicated limited the size of SHGs, in views of this it is necessary to increase the assets which will make the SHGs to increase their activities production which helps in increase gross returns to refund possible therefore assets is the possible determinant of gross loan portfolio. The average technical efficiency for the entire sample of dairy SHGs was 0.9771, allocative efficiency was 0.5843 and 0.5671 dairy SHGs economic efficiency. The variables such as Cost per borrower, Assets, Borrow per member, Net return and Subsidy contributes to the explanation of the variation in Economic Efficiency of the dairy SHGs.

Marketing of Women Self Help Groups Products (with Special Reference to Chennai City)

Empowerment implies equal conditions to girls. It supplies more significant access to know-how as well as sources, greater liberty in decision making, higher potential to consider their lifestyles and flexibility from the irons troubled all of them through personalized, view and also technique becoming conscious of their own condition and setting, setting their personal schedules, developing area on their own, obtaining skill-sets, developing positive self-image, addressing problems, and developing self-reliance. It is actually certainly not merely a social as well as a political method, yet a personal one too - as well as it is not simply a procedure however a result too. Empowerment of girls creates them much more powerful to encounter the challenges of lifestyle, to beat the disabilities, handicaps, and inequalities. It makes it possible for ladies to discover their total identification and powers in all realms of life. The study is actually generally concentrated on the efficiency of SWOT aspects on the total assessment of Women Self Help Groups product in Chennai Metropolitan area

Marketing of Women Shgs Products (with Special Reference to Chennai City)

Empowerment concerns folks - both women as well as men - taking control over their everyday lives: becoming conscious of their personal situation and setting, preparing their personal plans, creating space on their own, gaining skill-sets, building confidence, handling concerns, as well as cultivating self-reliance. The stamina of the link is the strength of its own weakest link. In society, women are actually the weakest hyperlinks, to ensure that they must be actually enhanced for reinforcing the culture overall which is possible only through enabling all of them. Nehru said, "Women must be uplifted for the upliftment of the nation, for if a woman is boosted, society, as well as nation, are boosted". The Women Self Aid Group participants are coming from rural areas and also do not possess much direct exposure to metropolitan history as well as a lot of all of them battle to manage the urban area ambiance. Much of the members also hesitate to approach financial institutions and also training institutions to produce more powerful their economic along with mental stamina. The family members' instances are actually also certainly not enabling the members to end up being extra dynamic as well as they are straining to handle family members and also an organisation in the right instructions. When the members furnish themselves along with overall advertising and marketing tactics with the adoption of SWOT analysis at that point just they may survive in the Chennai market.

Impact of Microcredit on Women Empowerment Indicators: An empirical reserach in the state of Uttarakhand

Women Empowerment has been on national agenda of every government. In developing nation women comprises fifty percent of the population so empowering them is crucial for development and nation building. Various Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) extends microcredit/loan via group model (Self Help Groups and Joint Liability Groups) to the marginalised segment particularly women groups and minorities primarily residing in rural areas with an aim to empower them and foster their socio-economic development. Previous studies have shown that microcredit has positive impact, but providing credit alone does not guarantee empowerment of the member beneficiaries. From past studies it can be concluded that empowerment demand an integrated approach from all the participating bodies/institutions involved, only then can be the objective of socio-economic development be accomplished. Since today very limited literature is available on microcredit and its impact. The current research examines the impact of microcredit on women empowerment indicators (decision making, awareness and psychological factors) of member beneficiaries in Haridwar district of Uttarakand. Women are organized into groups (Joint Liability Groups) and provided microcredit /loan. Non Probability sampling (Convenience Sampling) technique is adopted in sample selection where access to microcredit serves as independent variable and women empowerment indicators serves as dependent variables. The study consists of sample size of 362 member beneficiaries. Hypothesis testing is applied to find the significant association between the dependent and independent variables. Inferential statistics i.e Chi sq test is used to find the association/relationship between access to microcredit and empowerment indicators. Results indicate that there is no association between access to microcredit and women empowerment indicators. The results indicate that microcredit vial JLGs makes no impact on the empowerment indicators, making no improvement in the lives of its beneficiaries. There is need of regular and continuous impact assessment by credit institutions, participation from states and local bodies, must be analysis of socio-cultural factors and formation of women self administered system are some of the recommendations of the study. The results can be used by various stakeholders in designing better approach and as it provides them information on the areas which needs improvement so that microcredit can bring positive difference in the lives of beneficiaries. Also, it opens doors for further research in order to explore the socio-cultural factors which influence women empowerment.

MMPI-2-RF predictors of interpersonal relationship characteristics in committed couples.

There has been no systematic examination of whether scale scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2011; Tellegen & Ben-Porath, 2011) are related to self- or partner-rated characteristics of romantic relationships. As such, the current study examined relations between select MMPI-2-RF scale scores and markers of relationship quality. Participants included 739 committed couples who completed the MMPI-2 and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976; Spanier & Filsinger, 1983). Correlational analyses identified clinically meaningful negative associations between self-rated relationship satisfaction and scores on Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction (EID) and Demoralization (RCd) for both men and women. For men and women self- and partner-rated relationship satisfaction and consensus were both meaningfully and negatively related to scores on Antisocial Behavior (RC4) and Family Problems (FML). These results are the first to provide support for the convergent validity of FML as a measure of difficulties experienced in romantic relationships. Results for EID, RCd, and RC4 converge with previous research examining relations between personality and intimate relationship qualities. Overall, these results suggest scores from the MMPI-2-RF are useful in screening for problems experienced by the individual or their partner in the context of their committed relationship. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).