Women Folk Research Articles

VIJAY TENDULKAR AND MAHESH DATTANI'S SELECT PLAYS: VOICING THE MARGINALIZED

The paper is an attempt to discuss how Mahesh Dattani and Vijay Tendulkar have highlighted the miseries of women folk in society. The cruelty inflicted on women exposes the intricate working of a patriarchal system that is instrumental in marginalizing them by giving them neither the rights nor access to resources. Dattani and Tendulkar, have written at different times and their canvass has been different but both have raised this issue through their plays. Both reflect on role change and rise of the feminine gender struggling with the dominant discourses of the system to gain the respect and a space of their own. Issues and problems associated especially with females- have been staged with the motive of changing the socio-cultural psyche conditioned by the dominant discourses.

Woman and Human Rights in Nigeria: A Study of Delta State

The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 chose certain rights to protect under chapter IV and termed them as Fundamental Rights. These rights protected not only by the Constitution, but also by the African Charter on Human and Peoples Right. Whenever there are breaches of these fundamental rights, the law provides a procedure for their enforcement, which is the Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules 2009. The basic objective of the 2009 Rules is to facilitate enforcement procedure by removing some of the impediments in 1979 rule. Unfortunately, it is clear that the procedure for enforcement of Fundamental Rights is still bedeviled by delay. Many applications alleging serious human rights violations are routinely struck out or dismissed. However, the pertinent question is: to what extent are the human rights provision in these legal instruments realized or enforced as it relates to the women folk? It is worthy of note that there are equally other important impediments in the realization of the objective of Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules 2009, such as the distinction between main claim and ancillary claim in the Nigerian fundamental rights, because litigants are cautious of whether or not their will succeed because of this distinction. This research examines Women and Human Rights in Nigeria. This research made an in depth analysis of the rules and considered to what extent it achieved its objective in order to enhance a robust human right regime as it relates to the women folk. To achieve a close -to- accurate" if not accurate result, the research embarked on a field work. To this end, empirical method of research is used. This research found out that the Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules 2009, though has brought tremendous changes in the field of human rights protection (e.g the abolishment of locus standi and leave, is still faced with some major setback like the issue of principal and ancillary claim in the enforcement of fundamental rights and the jurisdiction of the National Industrial Court which is not clear in the rule. The work recommend that Courts should do away with the dichotomy between principal and ancillary and the definition of courts in the Rule should include the National Industrial Court.

Women’s Psychosexual Disorders: An Overview

Purpose: This paper examines the issue of women psychosexual disorders in our contemporary world. Methodology: Concept and categories of women psychosexual disorders were adequately explained. The study itemized ten types of women’s psychosexual disorders with relevant factors that are responsible for the disorder. Furthermore, appropriate treatment strategies were equally thoroughly explained. Findings: The paper concludes that the problem of women psychosexual disorder can be overcome or reduced to the minimal once there is proper enlightenment, education and sensitization among women folk. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: With the adequate knowledge on psychosexual disorders and unpleasant experience of women as far as sexual related issues are concerned will be a thing of the past.

ETHNIC STUDY OF ADUWA KO JAANR, A LESSER-KNOWN FERMENTED GINGER MILD ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE OF EASTERN HIMALAYAS

Consumption of fermented foods and beverages is a part of the dietary cultures of the Himalayan community and is prevalent amongst various ethnic groups in this region. Native of the Himalayan range ferment food and beverages using 'ethno-microbiological' knowledge acquired and practiced since ages, which lacks documentation. This knowledge is transmitted through practice and verbally to new generations. Women folk are engaged in this traditional fermentation culture with cultural and ethnic significance. In addition to its distinctive tastes, fermented foods and beverages provide health advantages to indigenous people. It becomes essential to highlight their scientific value due to their health benefits and ethnic relevance. The diverse nature of fermented foods and beverages, the fermentation process, and the traditional knowledge behind fermentation are a heritage of the eastern Himalayas. Traditional fermentation, in which raw materials are organic and natural starter culture is used, is part of the people's socio-economic lifestyle. Their preservation highlights organic and conventional practices as an excellent alternative to a healthy lifestyle. The present study documents a lesser-known mild-alcoholic fermented beverage, 'Aduwa ko Jaanr,' from the Eastern Himalayan region. A steady decline in traditional fermentation practices has recently been observed due to changes in food habits and culinary practices.

Women Empowerment Gaining Right Trajectory: A Perspective from MSME, Odisha, India

In traditional male-dominated society women generally enjoy secondary status in familial and social hierarchy. The widespread condition of gender disparity may be attributed to a lack of gainful employment and fixed wages with a regular source of livelihood. The majority of women are left out of the ambit of the decision-making process due to their inferior social and economic conditions. The status of women can be raised and gender equality can be achieved through MSME which empowers women with upward movement in economic, social and political hierarchy. MSME facilitates women entrepreneurs to utilise their entrepreneurial skills and talent and to play leadership roles to improve the conditions of women folk. The present study focuses on the role of leading women entrepreneurs of Puri district Odisha towards the objective of empowering women. The data gathered through questionnaires, surveys, person to person interaction during field visits/workshops/seminars/presentations form the basis for developing this article. During interaction all points raised, views expressed by respondents, and suggestions gathered were recorded to organize this article. It has been observed MSME sectors have largely contributed to improving women's status through employment, skill upgradation, innovations, and encouraging participative and collaborative decisions. However, simplifying and streamlining activities related to registration, products, production, financing, training, and marketing would enhance further value addition by MSME. The insights earned during the study about ground realities, problem areas, and steps towards a solution will help the researchers, NGOs, SHGs, field agencies, donors, bankers, government institutions, corporate houses, and planners to fine-tune their approach towards women empowerment.

A Study on the Women Folk in Naga Community

A Study on the Women Folk in Naga Community

Assortment of Hues: Tales of Transmutation as Echoed in Anita Nair’s Ladies Coupé

Anita Nair, the famous Indian English writer is popular for her novel Ladies Coupé, which broods on the empowerment of women through the female bonding that occurs within the ladies compartment of a train. This study is an attempt to focus upon the self-identity of women folk, and to detect the complications they face in a male dominated patriarchal society. Through a skilful storytelling mode, Nair explicitly lays open the tales of transmutation echoing in the ladies coupé, and its influence upon the life of the protagonist. The novel is also a brilliant evocation of sisterhood, and a tale of mutual care and understanding. The tales of transmutation of the narrators lay entangled with each other, unveiling the various shades of life of which they are representative. The role of journey in creating a shift in the real life statuses of these women, from a claustrophobic state to a wider state of openness, sets off the entire tone of transmutation in the novel. The six narrators forming the assorted hues of the coupé, reverberates the extent of transmutation that sorority brings upon the life of a woman in dire need of assistance.

Splendid Kaudi art - A sustainable enterprise for empowerment of rural women

The Kaudi art is one of the oldest folk art practised among women folk of Northern Karnataka and is also called as Grandmothers‘ art. It is prepared by old and used cloth swatches which unfolds the creativity of woman folk through their magnificent skill and imagination with thousands of stitches which depict the traditional folklore. In recent years this craft is slowly fading due to reduced commercial value and lack of interest among the present young generation. Therefore, revival of Kaudi art through value addition is a need of the hour for its sustainability. Hence, the present study is taken up with the objective for revival and restructure of traditional Kaudi for empowering the rural women and it comprised of historical documentation, restructuring of traditional Kaudi designs with design elements, organization of principles and skill development training programmes for rural women. Variegated home textiles were designed with Kaudi stitches and subjected to consumer acceptability. It was seen that among the home textiles developed, the yoga mat was found to be a trendy item as expressed by the consumers due to its usefulness and comfort properties. It was noticed that the perception towards traditional Kaudi art improved remarkably and consumers were convinced on various aspects viz., product diversification through restructuring, design element, principles of design for production of variegated Kaudi articles and its promotional techniques. Value addition to traditional Kaudi through variegated home textiles was found to be the best means for promotion of Kaudi technique, its sustainability and rural entrepreneur can help to establish start ups and microenterprise with minimum investment.

Upskilling Rural Women for Toy Making through Skill India Movement: With Special Reference to Channapatna Toy Making

Upskilling women by empowering them through Women Entrepreneurship. Women Entrepreneur is a person who accepts a challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent. Many women have this quality, but they never got a platform to show their talents and hence, their real abilities are not revealed. Women in India are taking more responsibilities in bringing up children and maintaining a better home with love and affection. At the family level, the task of coordinating various activities in a more effective manner, without feeling the pinch of inconveniences, is being carried out by the women folk. This paper focuses on toy making through upskilling women entrepreneurs in India, especially in toy making industry with special reference to Channapatna toys. Women are equally competent in running businesses but lacks behind, in spite of the women empowerment movement in our country. There are social, cultural, and economic hurdles in the way of women entrepreneurship and the major problem is lack of entrepreneurial environment. In spite of their potential and talent, women are deprived of opportunities, information and education. Some of the major problems identified are women's family obligations, gender inequality, financial problems, low-risk-taking attitude and the male-female competition. The problems of women entrepreneurs can be eradicated by appropriate training, incentives, encouragement and motivation, social recognition of their entrepreneurial abilities, and family moral support. Women are also given proper training on the upliftment of the knowledge regarding the toy making.

Women Entrepreneurship in North-East India

Entrepreneurs are seen as national assets to be motivated, cultivated and remunerated to the greatest degree possible. Entrepreneurs develop innovative ideas that provide civilization with a large number of products and services which change the way we work and live. The benefits they offer are by creating job opportunities, improving standard of living and contributing to the overall growth of the economy. The present study focuses on scenario to of women entrepreneurship in the North Eastern state of India - prospects and challenges of woman entrepreneurship , along with the promotional policies relating women entrepreneurship for the future In view of the ever increasing problems facing the women entrepreneurs. The North Eastern Region of India (NER) is unique in terms of growth opportunities because it has the potential to become India's economic powerhouse, with a thriving source of energy, oil, natural gas, coal, and limestone, as well as the world's largest perennial water system in the Brahmaputra and its tributaries. As most of the population live in rural area in North East region due to lack of education and skill development courses of entrepreneurship, it is very difficult to growth of woman entrepreneurship in North East India. Education has been instrumental in increasing the participation of women in entrepreneurial activities. Government should provide batter educational facilities and schemes to women folk. A Women Entrepreneur's Guidance Cell should be set up to handle the various problems of women entrepreneurs all over North East Region.

SCRIBBLING WITH MALE EGO: ANALYSING THE MALE GAZE IN THE PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN IN CARTOONS

Male cartoonists dominated the cartoon industry of Keralam in the second half of the twentieth century. Women stereotypes are highlighted in the discourse of cartoons, probably like any other artform in the world. This paper is an attempt to analyse the representation of women folk in the cartoons of Keralam, during the post independent period of India. The cartoons of veteran male cartoonists namely Cartoonist Toms, Cartoonist Yesudasan and Cartoonist Thomas have been analysed for the study. The misrepresentation of women characters in their cartoons are analysed. The ‘domineering wife’ stereotype in the cartoons portraying the domestic setting and the household is not the fair representation of women of the time, given the patriarchal tradition. Women’s empowerment is shown mainly as their physical empowerment in the cartoon series. The male gaze in the commodification of female body in the cartoons is analysed. The male ego in the nurturing of ideal woman characters by the male cartoonists is problematized in the paper. The images used in this paper are collected from archives and the sources of images, as it is mentioned in the bibliography, are old collections of magazines, which are fifty years or more old. These cartoons are retrieved from the archives compiled at Appan Thampuran Smaraka Library in Thrissur, Kerala.

Tackling Crippling Poverty, Panacea to The Nigerian Economic Decay

The issue of poverty is a multidimensional conception and often defined by zeroing mainly on income poverty or broadly by including lack of access to opportunities for raising standards of living. However, tackling crippling poverty in a Nation at crossroads like Nigeria requires the need to identify factors that are strongly associated with poverty and agreeable to modification by policy formulation and implementation. The focus of the research work was basically to examine the poverty level and its determinants in Ado-Ekiti. Primary data were collected from the random sample of 101 salary earners using self-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents. The poverty level was measured using Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) poverty indices, while probit regression model was employed to examine factors that influence poverty among the salary earners. The result from the descriptive statistics showed that the female salary earners within the age bracket of 34-41 years with polygamous marital status were pro poor. The incidence of poverty show that 46.5% of the sampled salary earners were actually poor based on the poverty line. The poverty depth indicated that an average poor salary earner would require 13.9% of the poverty line to get out of poverty, while the poverty severity was 6.23%. Estimation by gender group revealed that poverty was most pervasive among female salary earners with a value of 3.7% compared to other category. The probit regression further indicated that the likelihood of being poor were more with household size, level of education, place of occupation and income level. The study, therefore, recommended amongst other things that government should embark on a poverty alleviation program, especially for women so that the unemployed among women folk can be financially empowered Keywords: Poverty, Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) indices, Salary Earners, Probit Journal Reference Format: Oyewole, K.S. & Awoyemi, O.B. (2023): Tackling Crippling Poverty, Panacea to The Nigerian Economic Decay. Humanities, Management, Arts, Education & the Social Sciences Journal. Vol. 11. No. 2, Pp 67-84 www.isteams.net/humanitiesjournal. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/HUMANITIES/V11N2P7

SCALE TO MEASURE ATTITUDE OF FARM WOMEN TOWARDS VALUE ADDITION IN VEGETABLE CROPS

In Indian society, farm women have multi-dimensional role ranging from agricultural and allied activities to domestic activities. The preparation of value-added products is mostly confined to household/village or with in the easy access of farm women. Because the majority of the raw materials are available in the village, it is ideal to start as a rural or village enterprise. As a result of this value addition, rural residents would have a lot of job opportunities. The under employed force in rural areas can be profitably utilized. In this context there is a greater scope to go for value added products or processed food products or ready to eat products which can take care of effective utilization of time by the women folk. A questionnaire- based simple random sampling survey was conducted on 120 farm women of Kheda districts of Gujarat state. The statistical measures, such as SPSS and Microsoft excel were used. nearly three-fifths (59.17 per cent) of the farm women had moderately favourable attitude towards value addition in vegetable crops.

Socio-economic Importance of Solar Desalination of Local Water Bodies: A Case Study of Uburu and Okposi Lakes, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Purpose: Access to clean and potable water supply is the priority of many nations including the government of Nigeria towards socio-economic emancipation of the people. Due to increasing population expansion and water pollution, shortage of freshwater has become very common to many nations, particularly to the developing countries. To overcome the growing freshwater shortage, desalination has been proven to be the best alternative option towards freshwater provision for domestic and industrial applications. Desalination could be either thermal or electric methods which include multi-stage flash distillation (MSFD), multiple-effect distillation (MED), reverse osmosis (RO), or solar desalination. The innovation of solar still technology in recovery of fresh water from saline waters makes solar desalination simple and economical. A survey of socio-economic importance of solar energy desalination of saline lake waters at Uburu and Okposi communities, Ebonyi State, South eastern, Nigeria was conducted.
 Methodology: A survey research design was adopted for the study in order to address an age long tradition of fuel wood utilization in salt processing activity by the local women folk of Uburu and Okposi communities using saline water from the local lakes.
 Results: The survey showed that about 1,200 women were involved in the salt production activity utilizing about 26,000 tons of fuel wood per year. Translating this into monetary terms amounts to about US$$1.5 million per year. Socio-economic lives of people in the communities were negatively affected because fuel wood utilization in salt production adversely results to deforestation, environmental pollution and high cost of fuel wood in the communities. The quality and quantity (output) of salt recovering process were not commiserating to time, energy and monetary input in the process. It was observed that the distillate (freshwater portion) of the salt recovery from the saline water was not considered as an important component of the salt extraction process. This is because the salt producers were only interested on the salt extract as the only useful output of the extraction process. Recovery of freshwater component of the process could be an additional valuable income if considered.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: For sustainable salt production and freshwater recovery from the process solar desalination method was recommended for salt processing in the communities. The incorporation of solar desalination system into the age long traditional known method of salt processing will enhance salt production and boast socio-economic activities in the communities. A study of this kind is likely to help solve a major problem of acute water shortage in some communities whose water bodies are salty. The study could be a useful tool for policy makers in making rational policy that would improve and enhance salt and fresh water production as an enterprise.

Microfinance as a Tool of Socio Economic Empowerment of Rural Women

Abstract: Micro finance has become a tool of empowering the underprivileged people in the society. It plays a prominent role in the developing countries of Asia. These countries are having lots of success stories where the poor and backward people could manage to have sustainable source of revenue for themselves through microfinance. It is observed that in maximum cases women are plying a vital role in the use of micro finance through the self help groups (SHGs). This paper tries to see the impact of micro finance on the rural women of Assam - a state which is very near to Bangladesh, the country where microfinance has got tremendous response from the women folk. Through the research it was tried to see the impact of microfinance from the socio economic perspective of the North East India. The paper is based on primary data collected from the women respondents of rural area who have experience of working with the SHGs. The paper concluded that the micro finance has contributed to the empowerment of women in rural Assam and hence micro finance has a great future in this part of India.

Vocabulary Referring to Women's Folk Costume as a Reflection of Everyday Culture (Using the Example of Dialects of the Upper Nepryadva River)

Vocabulary Referring to Women's Folk Costume as a Reflection of Everyday Culture (Using the Example of Dialects of the Upper Nepryadva River)

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast Self-Examination in Nigeria: A 10 Year Systematic Review

Background: Among the screening methods for the early detection of breast abnormalities that could lead to breast cancer, Breast self-examination is the basic, simplest, cost effective, self-administered and very important technique. It allows women to get acquainted with the nature of their breasts and therefore allows them to discover any deviation. Early detection goes a long way in successful treatment of BC and this is easily come by with good and adequate knowledge, good attitude towards and excellent skill to administer BSE. Consequently, we drew out the data on BSE knowledge, attitudes and practice among Nigeria women. Methods: A systematic review was done among studies conducted in Nigeria using Arskey and O’Malleys’ framework as a guide. The databases searched include PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, Jstor, Intech Open, Proquest and PubMed Central for relevant studies on women’s knowledge, attitude and practice on BSE. Studies included in the review were from thirteen states in Nigeria. The articles reviewed in this systematic review were journals published between August 2012 to July 2022, a 10-year systematic review. Results: Sixty-three (63) articles were firstly extracted to be eligible for review; thirty-seven (37) were excluded due to duplication of content, lack of focus on the concept and incomplete content. Another nine (9) were discarded for muddling up result with another concept and for not involving at least two of the variables, i.e., knowledge, attitude and practice of breast self-examination. The seventeen (17) articles were conducted in thirteen states of which two (2) were conducted in Osun State as well as Sokoto State and three in Oyo State while one (1) each in other ten states, namely Benin, Kano, Imo, Akwa-Ibom, Ekiti, Ebonyi, Abia, Ondo, Awka, and Lagos States. Twelve (12) studies reported evidence on BSE knowledge, attitude and practice; three (3) on knowledge and practice; and two (2) reported on attitude and practice of BSE. The findings of this study submit varying knowledge levels on BSE though—averagely good knowledge but poor practice among women in Nigeria. Conclusion/Recommendation: The findings from these studies show that the knowledge of BSE among women folk in Nigeria is averagely low though women’s attitude seems good. Similarly, the practice of BSE among women in Nigeria is poor. Therefore, proactive measures need to be taken to increase the level of knowledge of BSE through educational programs among every category of women to reduce morbidity and mortality from breast cancer in Nigeria in the nearest future.

Impact of Male Out Migration on Women folk in Kumaon Himalaya

Outmigration from Villages is a Perinneal phenomenon. The constant attraction towards urban areas from the villages and small towns is incessant. The Young Men from the villages move to big Towns/cities in search of better Job opportunities and good standard of living. The native village survives on money order economy and the agricultural produce for sustainability. The women folk who are left behind bear the entire burden of rearing children, looking after old parents, and performing various roles in the society like attending religious and marriage events or other such social obligations. The Out migrants merely come once or twice when there is harvest season or any emergency. The women folk have a larger role to play in the absence of their husbands, sons or brothers. The hilly terrain is also not very friendly for all the chores like carrying fuel wood as well as drinking water from far of distances. The dilemma here is that at the first place these women become very appreciative when their husbands and sons and brothers go to cities to earn a living but as time passes and these men folk stop visiting native village regularly these women become overburdened. Although the outmigrants send money regularly and the condition of village and their homes are becoming cemented and more facilities are available as compared to previous decades.The present paper is a hunch to know the impact of this widespread outmigration on the women folk of Kumaon Himalaya

Culture and Everyday Life of the Village Stovpiahy (Pereiaslav Region): Field Reconnaissance

The basis of the article is the authors’ field materials recorded in 2017 from the words of the residents of the village Stovpiahy (Pereiaslav region). The main topics of the study are Ukrainian women's folk clothing and Ukrainian women's folk jewelry.This material presents facts that were not reflected in the official documents, but they are important as materials of personal origin. They reflect factual material saturated with observations and thoughts of the respondents about described events, details of people's lives and their moods. In addition, these field ethnographic records contain invaluable information about peasant life, customs, rites, calendar rituals, information about the native village from the point of view of children's and youth's observations. All recorded information is divided into separate sections.The study of the cultural phenomena specifics of both past and present generations of Ukrainians is based on the live connection between the recorder and the interviewer. During this reconnaissance methods of search, survey, generalization, and observation were used. The survey method is one of the main methods of collecting certain information about individual structural components of the traditional domestic culture of Ukrainians, their functioning as a certain system, application to persons having direct experience or knowledge of a subject or events.These ethnographic materials can be used for a thorough study of our own land, our own historical region, one's state, and further research of various areas of the material and spiritual culture of Ukrainians.

Lives hidden in folk songs: Women's folk songs

Toplumda sosyal aktör olan bireyin süreç içerisinde sosyalleşmesi, geleneklerle bütünleşen kültürel özelliklerle oluşmuş toplumsal rol kalıplarının içselleştirilmesidir. Toplumsal hayatta cinsiyete dayalı roller ülkelerin kabulleri oranında paylaşılmıştır. Halkın sesi olarak toplumun yaşam biçimlerini, geleneklerini, örf ve adetlerini, tecrübe ve hikâyelerini, inançlarını, kültürel izlerini kapsayan türküler, pek çok sosyolojik ve kültürel ögenin yer aldığı veri kaynaklarındandır. Halk ürünü türkülerin veri kaynağı olarak incelenmesi, bireyin yaşadığı dönemle ilgili bilgi aktardığı gibi onun duygu ve düşüncelerini de içinde barındırır. Bu çalışmada amaç, kırsal kesim kadınlarının geçmişini, o geçmişteki rollerini ve kapsama alanlarını, yaşadıkları dönemin sosyo-kültürel yapısı içerisinde ele alarak kadınların nasıl yaşadıklarını, bu yapıları nasıl algıladıklarını, yorumladıklarını ve bunlardan nasıl etkilendiklerini sözlü halk edebiyatı ürünlerinden olan türküler vasıtasıyla inceleyebilmek ve iç dünyalarını ortaya koyabilmektir. Halk kültürünün önemli bir bölümünü kapsayan, kadınlar tarafından seslendirilmiş ve alanyazında “kadın ağzı türküleri” diye yer alan, kendini ifade ediş yollarından biri olan türküler, Anadolu kadınlarının yaşadıkları dönemde üstlendikleri rolleri anlayabilmek adına önemli belgelerdir. Elbette kültürel dokunun oluşturduğu farklı topluluklarda yaşayan ve farklı sınıfsal, ırksal ve cinsel yönelimlere sahip olan kadınlar oldukça farklı yaşam koşullarına sahiptir. Bu çalışmada incelenen türküler belirli bir bölgenin değil, kırsal kesimde kadın olmak gerçeğinin halk türkülerine bazen açık bazen örtülü anlamda yansıyan ipuçlarını yakalayabilmek adına türkülerin mercek altına alınmasıdır. Bu amaçla incelenen türkü dizelerinden ortaya çıkan sonuca göre, kırsal kesimde yaşayan ve sosyal aktör olarak kabul edilmeyen kadınların ataerkil aile yapısı dolayısıyla hayatını idame ettirme, aile kurma, çocuk sahibi olma gibi en temel boyutlarda bile maalesef söz hakkının olmadığıdır.