Women Basketball Players Research Articles

Enhancing the Performance of Female Basketball Athletes: A Comprehensive Examination of Factors and Strategies

This review paper aims to investigate various factors and variables that can enhance the playing ability of women basketball players. Basketball is a physically demanding sport that requires a combination of skills, including dribbling, shooting, passing, agility, and endurance. In recent years, the popularity of women's basketball has grown significantly, and there is a need to better understand how different factors can contribute to the improvement of women players' performance. This paper reviews relevant literature and presents a comprehensive analysis of the variables that influence the playing ability of women basketball players, including physical fitness, skill development, psychological factors, and coaching strategies. By examining these variables, we aim to provide insights that can help coaches, players, and sports professionals optimize training programs and strategies for women's basketball.

Are men's and women's college basketball players “Pigouvian” exploited?

AbstractUsing total revenue, previous research finds college basketball players generate millions of dollars in marginal revenue product (MRP). We are skeptical of using total revenue data. Instead, we use total variable revenue since using fixed revenues can over‐estimate a team's marginal revenue and therefore a player's MRP. Comparing MRP to the players average grant‐in‐aid, we find that for public Division I universities, a little over one‐quarter of men's basketball players are exploited and a little over one‐tenth of women's basketball players are exploited.

Training and Game Loads Across Noncongested and Congested Weekly Microcycles During the Regular Season in a Semiprofessional Women's Basketball Team.

To quantify and compare loads encountered in individual training sessions and games during noncongested and congested weeks in semiprofessional women basketball players. Using an observational, longitudinal design, 12 players from the same team had their external (PlayerLoad, relative PlayerLoad, and total and high-intensity inertial movement analysis variables) and internal load (session rating of perceived exertion [sRPE], sRPE-load, percentage of heart rate peak, and modified summated-heart-rate-zones load) monitored across a regular season. Training and game data were categorized into noncongested (0-1 game) and congested weeks (2-3 games). Linear mixed models and Cohen d effect sizes were used for analyses. Comparisons between training sessions revealed higher (P < .05, d = 1.35-5.33) PlayerLoad, total inertial movement analysis, sRPE, and sRPE-load during training session 1 than training session 2 in congested weeks. Comparisons between training sessions and games revealed higher (P ≤ .001, d = 1.10-1.66) sRPE and sRPE-load during games than training sessions 1 and 2 in noncongested weeks, alongside higher (P ≤ .001, d = 1.87-3.55) sRPE during game 1 than training sessions 1 and 2 in congested weeks. Comparisons between games revealed higher (P < .05, d = 0.57-2.82) loads in game 3 during congested weeks compared with all other games. Training appeared to be tapered in congested weeks, likely to account for upcoming increases in game loading, but remained relatively consistent across sessions during noncongested weeks. Individual game loads remained relatively consistent but were noticeably increased when a third game was played in the week.

Influence of Menstrual Cycle on Internal and External Load in Professional Women Basketball Players

The menstrual cycle can be seen as a potential determinant of performance. This study aims to analyze the influence of the menstrual cycle in women on sports performance, more specifically on the internal and external load of professional women basketball players. The sample consisted of 16 women players and 14 training sessions were recorded. A descriptive analysis of the mean and standard deviation of the variables according to the different phases of the menstrual cycle was performed, as well as an ANCOVA, partial Eta2 effect size criteria, and Bonferroni's Post Hoc test to identify differences among phases. The results establish that ovulation is the phase in which higher values of external load are recorded and, therefore, the late follicular phase is the time of the cycle where a greater intensity in explosive distance, accelerations and decelerations are recorded. Considering women's hormonal cycles, understanding their function and the individual characteristics of each athlete is essential since it allows for the development of specific training, the prevention of injuries and therefore positively affects the performance of women players. To this end, individual training profiles should be created in specific contexts, not following general rules. In addition, psychological factors and the specific position of the athletes should be monitored.

Physical Fitness as a Predictor of Performance during Competition in Professional Women's Basketball Players.

The evaluation of physical fitness in team sports is enjoying greater importance in the training of professional teams. The objectives of this research were to characterize physical fitness and game indicators based on the game position. This is an empirical study, with a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional methodology. In addition, different relationships between the level of physical fitness and the game indicators during the competition were determined. Finally, a predictive analysis of the selected variables was carried out in order to know the importance of the variables in the performance and at what time of the season they had the greatest impact. For this, a professional female basketball team (n = 12) with a mean age of 25.25 ± 7.617 years, height 178.25 ± 9.206 cm and a body mass of 72.33 ± 11.657 kg was analyzed. Each player was equipped with a WIMUPRO inertial device, and all competition statistics were analyzed. The results obtained show that there were no differences among all the skills evaluated and game indicators depending on the game position. Likewise, a relationship was determined between the level of physical fitness and the technical-tactical contribution, being different between different times of the season. Moreover, physical fitness only predicted the player's final performance in the competition for female player centers in the first and second rounds of the championship, and for forwards in the first round. Four physical-physiological profiles with contributions to the different ones during the competition were also determined. Finally, three groups of female players by playing position were identified according to their sport performance, namely PIR, high, medium and low ratings, associated with physical performances. In all groups, there were significant differences between playing positions, PIR and physical performances.

Travel related changes in performance and physiological markers: the effects of eastward travel on female basketball players.

[Purpose] Purpose of this study is to measure the changes in various physiological markers and performance criteria for women basketball players over the course of a travel heavy season. [Participants and Methods] Fifty one Division-II female basketball players and a control group of 54 females joined this study. Measurements began at the beginning of the competitive season and concluded with final measurements at the end of the competitive season. [Results] The female basketball players showed noticeable increases in resting salivary cortisol, visceral trunk fat, resting heart rate, and resting blood pressure. These athletes also showed diminishment in isokinetic force of leg muscles, particularly in knee flexion strength. Vertical jump measurements also indicated a slight diminishment. In contrast, the control group experienced none of the same changes. [Conclusion] Over the course of a grueling flight schedule in combination with a full-length basketball season, the female athletes in this study showed significant declinations in many indicators of overall health. It is concluded that resulting prolonged intermittent stress of a travel-heavy season can lead to significant changes in certain physiological markers with notable decreases in isokinetic force of leg muscle.

Analysis of Technical Abilities And Physical Condition for Women’s Basketball Athletes of Bandung

Several factors, such as the readiness of technical abilities and physical condition, are basic things that are important to the development and achievement of basketball athletes. This research aims to describe the results of the analysis of the technical abilities and physical condition of female basketball athletes. The method used in this research is a descriptive method using a quantitative approach with a correlational type of research to examine the relationship between technical abilities and physical condition variables on performance. This research was conducted in 2022 with the population of female basketball athletes of Bandung who will compete in the multievent PORPROV basketball Game in 2022. The instrument in this research used five technical skill test items, namely the passing skill test; shooting skills test; Under-ring test; lay-up skills; Illinois Agility Dribbling Test, and seven physical condition test items, namely the Wall Sit Test (Limb Muscle Endurance); 20-meter Sprint Test (Speed); Illinois Agility Test, Vertical Jump Test, Bleep Test, Flexibility Test. In the Pearson correlation output, there is a correlation that shows the relationship between skill technique and physical condition with the performance of Bandung women's basketball players, with a significant contribution from technical abilities and physical condition to the player's performance was 48.2%.&#x0D;

Covid-19 Pandemic Disruption And Its Impact On Anthropometric Measurements In Collegiate Women Basketball Players

Covid-19 Pandemic Disruption And Its Impact On Anthropometric Measurements In Collegiate Women Basketball Players

Postural profile of female basketball players and differences among playing positions.

Basketball players often display poor balance and increased injury rates when compared to other athletic categories. Therefore, the relationship between postural control and injury risks in basketball athletes requires investigation. The purpose of this study was to: (a) establish a postural profile of elite women basketball players, (b) compare postural control of the different playing positions to detect the vulnerability of postural balance, and (c) attempt to understand the reasons underlying these differences. 30 elite female basketball players (aged 21.4±2.3 years) were assigned to three groups according to their playing positions (n=10 guards; n=10 forwards; n=10 centers). A one-way analysis of variance was performed to determine differences between balance test variables under three conditions (static, dynamic antero-posterior and medio-lateral). When a significant main effect was observed, Tukey's post-hoc multiple comparisons tests were used to determine statistical significance. Associations between balance and morphological variables, muscle strength and power were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results reveal that basketball players had better postural control than previously studied handball players and non-athletes, but they are more dependent on vision than other categories. When comparing postural controls of playing position, centers show greater vulnerability [Y mean (OE)] than forwards: p<0.001; or guards: p<0.01), due to morphological factors (body mass r=-0.80, height r=-0.68, and lower limb length r=-0.63, and specific power r=-0.40). Therefore, coaches and strength and conditioning specialists should give specific focus to improving lower limb strength and power in centers and taller basketball players to mitigate against injury risks related to postural control.

Hormonal Responses and Jump Performance Across a Season in Collegiate Women Basketball Players

The testosterone-to-cortisol ratio (T/C) has been shown to be positively correlated with strength and power. However, few studies have examined the relationship between a standardized power performance measurement and T/C throughout a season of intercollegiate competition. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between salivary T/C and vertical jump (VJ) performance of female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II basketball players across a season. Saliva samples were taken before practice, weekly, for a total of 29 weeks. Samples were assayed for testosterone (T) and cortisol (C). After saliva collection, players completed two countermovement VJs, with the best jump used for data analysis. A positive correlation between T/C and VJ was seen only during the preseason phase. Statistically significant differences were observed across the season for T/C and VJ. T/C in the nonconference phase was significantly lower than the preseason phase and the late-conference phase, p = .013 and p = .047, respectively. VJ was significantly lower in the late-conference phase when compared to the preseason and nonconference phases, p &lt; .001 and p = .026, respectively. VJ in the early-conference phase was also significantly lower than the preseason phase, p &lt; .001. These data support the literature that has indicated a positive relationship between the T/C and lower-body power but only in the preseason phase. This relationship reverses and trends toward a negative relationship, before disappearing in the second half of the season. Monitoring T/C may provide value in assessing female athletes’ performance potential in the preseason phase. T/C should be interpreted with more caution once the competitive season begins.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY OF WOMEN’S HIGHLY QUALIFIED TEAMS IN MODERN 3X3 BASKETBALL

Topicality. The specific features of 3x3 basketball, as a sport, accordingly present the specific requirements to the competitive activity of 3x3 women basketball players. The researches devoted to analysis of the characteristic features of the effective competitive activity of women’s 3x3 highly qualified teams with taking into account the latest sport results of participation in the qualifying Olympic tournament of the women’s 3x3 national basketball team of Ukraine. Objective – determination and analysis of effective competitive activity indicators of women’s highly qualified teams in modern 3x3 basketball as the perspective direction of sports training improving process of basketball players of the Ukrainian women’s national team. Material and methods of the research: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, Internet sources, analysis of archival materials of International and Ukrainian basketball federations; analysis of competitive activity protocols, video analysis of games; methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The effectiveness of competitive activity of Ukrainian women’s national basketball team will be provided by taking into account its characteristic indicators: specific requirements to the 3x3 women basketball players game; the features of the ranking formation strategy of the country’s federation; significance of the 3x3 basketball competitions level; the presence of a national 3x3 basketball competitions system; providing the effectiveness of predictive indicators for the female players selection to the national teams; the results of sports achievements of Ukrainian 3x3 basketball players in the main competitions. Conclusions. The analysis of changes and additions to the features of competitive activity requires the constant acquisition of new information, based both on the study of the experience of achievements and features of the training of basketball players of domestic and foreign leading countries in 3x3 basketball, and on obtaining objectively confirming or, on the contrary, refuting scientific research data, which allows to determine the prospective direction of improving the process of sports training of basketball players of the national team of Ukraine

ANTHROPOMETRIC, PHYSICAL FITNESS, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN INTERNATIONAL WOMEN BASKETBALL PLAYERS

The objective of this study was to analyse anthropometric, physical fitness and psychological parameters in women basketball players according to their age group. Ninety-seven women basketball players (16.7±2.9 years in age) from national teams participated in the study. The players belonged to the A-team, Under-20s, Under-18s, Under-16s, and Under-15s national teams. All were assessed using basic anthropometry (height, weight and body mass index), physical fitness tests (countermovement jump with and without upper limb movement, chest-pass, 10 m and 15 m sprints, T-test, line-drill, and yo-yo IR2 test), psychological parameters (psychological skills in practice and competition, mental toughness, and competition anxiety). A one-way analysis of variance was used to establish the differences between the teams, applying a Bonferroni post hoc test. The results showed that in the anthropometric parameters there were only differences in weight, with the Under-15s being lighter than the rest of the teams (F = 4.808, p = 0.001). In the physical fitness parameters, the A-teams scored higher in chest-pass than the rest of the teams (F = 15.320, p &lt;0.001), the Under-15s were faster than the Under-18s in 10 m sprint (F = 2.914, p = 0.026) and than the rest of the teams in 15 m sprint (F = 40.407, p &lt;0.001), and the Under-18s scored better on the yo-yo IR2 test than the Under-16s (F = 2.157, p = 0.041). In the psychological parameters, differences were only found between the Under-16s and Under-18s in negative thinking in competition (F = 3.517, p = 0.001). Coaches should focus on the physical condition training load, and try to improve it as age increases. The lack of differences in the psychological parameters seems to indicate that these depend more on the individual than on age.

An Analysis of Isokinetic Test of Henan Women's Basketball Players

This article uses literature, experimental tests, mathematical statistics and analysis methods, through the measurement of the isokinetic motion of the Henan women’s basketball players’ knee joints, quantitatively examines and analyzes the athlete’s knee flexion and extension exercise strength training level from the perspective of strength quality. Through the comparison between individuals, problems are discovered, suggestions are made, and high-level female basketball players are guided in scientific training.

Isometric Midthigh Pull Performance Is Associated With Athletic Performance and Sprinting Kinetics in Division I Men and Women's Basketball Players: Erratum.

Isometric Midthigh Pull Performance Is Associated With Athletic Performance and Sprinting Kinetics in Division I Men and Women's Basketball Players: Erratum.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Diet Quality Profile of the Lithuanian Team of Deaf Women's Basketball Players.

There are about 466 million people with hearing impairments in the world. The scientific literature does not provide sufficient data on the actual nutrition and other variables of professional deaf athletes. The objectives of this study were to investigate and evaluate the body composition, the physical working capacity, the nutrition intake, and the blood parameters of iron and vitamin D in the Lithuanian high-performance deaf women’s basketball team players. The female athletes (n = 14) of the Lithuanian deaf basketball team aged 26.4 ± 4.5 years were recruited for an observational cross-sectional study. A 7-day food recall survey method was used to investigate their actual diet. The measurements of the body composition were performed using the BIA (bioelectrical impedance analysis) tetra-polar electrodes. In order to assess the cardiorespiratory and aerobic fitness levels of athletes, ergo-spirometry (on a cycle ergometer) was used to measure the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and the physical working capacity at a heart rate of 170 beats per minute (PWC170). The athletes’ blood tests were taken to investigate the red blood cells, hemoglobin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ferritin, transferrin, iron concentrations, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). The consideration of the VO2peak (55.9 ± 6.1 mL/min/kg of body weight, 95% CI: 51.8, 58.9) and the low VO2peak (56–60 mL/min/kg of body weight) (p = 0.966) in the deaf women’s basketball team players revealed no differences. For the deaf female athletes, the PWC170 was equal to 20.3 ± 2.0 kgm/min/kg of body weight and represented only the average aerobic fitness level. The carbohydrate and protein intakes (5.0 ± 1.3 and 1.3 ± 0.3 g/kg of body weight, respectively) met only the minimum levels recommended for athletes. The fat content of the diet (38.1 ± 4.1% of energy intake) exceeded the maximum recommended content (35% of energy intake) (p = 0.012). The mean blood serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and ferritin (24.1 ± 6.6 nmol/L and 11.0 ± 4.1 µg/L, respectively) predicted vitamin D and iron deficits in athletes. Female athletes had an increased risk of vitamin D and iron deficiencies. Regardless of iron deficiency in the body, the better cardiorespiratory fitness of the deaf female athletes was essentially correlated with the higher skeletal muscle mass (in terms of size) (r = 0.61, p = 0.023), the lower percentage of body fat mass (r = −0.53, p = 0.049), and the reduced intake of fat (r = −0.57, p = 0.040).

The Effect of an In-Season Knee Injury Prevention Program on Lower Extremity Injury Risk Factors on Collegiate Women's Basketball Players

Please enjoy Volume 6, Issue 1 of the JSMAHS. In this issue, you will find Professional, Graduate, and Undergraduate research abstracts, and case reports.

ANTHROPOMETRIC AND ANAEROBIC PROFILE OF ELITE WOMEN BASKETBALL PLAYERS

Changes in the levels and the dynamics in the development of anaerobic capabilities are of utmost importance in basketball – a sport with intermittent and speed-strength characteristics. The objective of the study is to establish the anthropometric and anaerobic profile of elite basketball players from the national team of women up to 20 years of age. This profile will help the future selection, forecasting and the refinement of the training methodology for the preparation of elite basketball players of this age group, In order to solve the identified tasks, we have used the following methods of study: anthropometrics, BMI, cycle-ergometrics, and mathematics-statistical methods (variational and correlations analyses). As a result of the carried-out training process, between the two tests we have noticed statistically reliable changes in the AcTM (active total body mass), PRMM (percentage of the muscle mass out of the total), PP (peak power), and AnP (average anaerobic power). Based on the conducted research, a model was created for the assessment of the studied morpho-functional indicators and the anaerobic capabilities of under-20 y.o. women basketball players, for their participation in a European Championship.

A 4-Year Profile of Game Demands in Elite Women's Division I College Basketball.

Ransdell, LB, Murray, T, Gao, Y, Jones, P, and Bycura, D. A 4-year profile of game demands in elite women's Division I college basketball. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 632-638, 2020-Workload for a Division I women's collegiate basketball team (0.817 win percentage) was examined by: (a) season, (b) player position, and (c) game outcome (wins vs. losses). Female athletes (n = 6, mean 19.7 ± 1.5 years, at beginning of study) wore Catapult S5 units during 91.8% of games over a 4-year period. Average PlayerLoad, PlayerLoad per minute (PL·min), high inertial movement analysis (high-IMA), and jumps were quantified using Catapult Openfield software (version 1.14.1+). Data were checked for normality and log- or square-root-transformed when they were non-normal. A series of linear mixed model analyses were conducted to detect differences in PlayerLoad, PL·min, high-IMA, and jumps by season, position, and game outcome. PL·min and jumps data were not normal, so they were transformed, analyses were run; because there were no differences in findings, data are reported in original units to allow for comparisons with other studies. Cohen's d and confidence intervals were provided as additional information about the strength of reported differences. The 3 most consistent findings were that across a 4-year period, jumps increased, PL·min was higher in guards compared with posts, and high-IMA was higher in losses compared with wins. Other workload patterns were inconsistent, and inappropriate for making conclusive statements. Therefore, comparing jumps across multiple seasons, PL·min by player position and high-IMA in losses are important; in addition, all data can be used to profile National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women's basketball players and set game workload expectations.

Isometric Midthigh Pull Performance Is Associated With Athletic Performance and Sprinting Kinetics in Division I Men and Women's Basketball Players.

Townsend, JR, Bender, D, Vantrease, WC, Hudy, J, Huet, K, Williamson, C, Bechke, E, Serafini, PR, and Mangine, GT. Isometric midthigh pull performance is associated with athletic performance and sprinting kinetics in Division I men and women's basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2665-2673, 2019- The relationships between isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) force, athletic performance measures, and sprint kinetics in Division I men's and women's basketball players were investigated. Twenty-three (male = 8, female = 15) Division 1 basketball players completed a maximal 20-m sprint trial while tethered to a device that provided kinetic feedback (peak and average sprinting power, velocity and force). Additionally, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) front squat, 1RM hang clean, vertical jump height, and agility (proagility and lane agility) tests were performed. Rate of force development (RFD) at 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 milliseconds of IMTP and peak force (PF) were also collected. Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between these measures. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) relationships were observed between IMTP PF and sprint time over all distances (5-20 m; r = -0.62 to 0.69), average sprint velocity (r = 0.50-0.70), peak sprint velocity (r = 0.50-0.54), average sprint force (r = 0.48-0.69), and average sprint power (r = 0.62-0.73). Sprinting kinetic measures (average force and power) over the first 5 m were also significantly (p ≤ 0.05) related to IMTP RFD (50-250 ms; r = 0.42-0.62). Results indicate that IMTP variables are significantly associated with 20-m sprint kinetics. Specifically, IMTP RFD appears to be related to the initial acceleration kinetics of a sprint. Strength and conditioning professionals can possibly implement the IMTP for improved assessment and monitoring of athletic performance and training.

A Pilot Nutrition Education Intervention with Division I Women’s Basketball Players

Appropriate nutrition is important for both health and optimization of sport performance; however, many athletes do not have sufficient nutrition knowledge to engage in ideal nutrition practices. Few studies have been conducted to investigate the efficacy of a nutrition education intervention on athletes’ nutrition knowledge, and even fewer have done so using a validated assessment tool. PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in nutrition knowledge of NCAA Division I women’s basketball players after a sport-focused nutrition education intervention using a validated nutrition knowledge survey. METHODS: NCAA Division I women basketball players (N=8) completed a validated nutrition knowledge survey (Calella et al., 2017) that evaluated both general and sport nutrition. Athletes then participated in six, once weekly, 20-minute nutrition education sessions led by a Registered Dietitian. Topics included: hydration, carbohydrates, protein, fats, meal planning, and micronutrients/supplements. At the end of six weeks, the survey was re-administered. Scores were summed as +1 for a correct answer and +0 for no answer, an incorrect answer, a double-answer, or the “I don’t know” option. Maximum possible score was 97. A paired-samples t-test was conducted to evaluate baseline versus follow-up scores. RESULTS: At baseline, athletes scored 40.5±18.0 out of 97 possible, 27.0±12.7 out of 64 possible, and 13.9±6.2 out of 33 possible for the total survey, general nutrition and sport nutrition sections, respectively. Significant average score increases were found for the total survey overall (62.2±11.7, p=0.004), within the general nutrition section (40.4±7.7, p=0.015), and within the sport nutrition section (21.9±5.9, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The education intervention used in this pilot study succeeded in increasing nutrition knowledge of Division I women’s basketball players. Future research should include intake assessments to determine whether eating habits improve after nutrition education. This research was funded by the MSU College of Education via a Summer Research Fellowship.