Women's Political Participation Research Articles

PRIORITY DIRECTIONS PROVIDING EQUAL RIGHTS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN IN POLITICAL ADMINISTRATION AND THE ANALYSIS OF EXISTING PROBLEMS

Although women make up a significant part of the world's population, they are often excluded from political life and do not actively participate in the decision-making process that directly affects their lives. Expanding women's political leadership plays crucial role for realizing their rights. In this article, the tasks were set to analyze the factors that prevent women from participating in the process of making important political decisions, the obstacles to their holding top leadership positions. Gender gaps are widespread, mainly in the areas of economic opportunity, business and politics. Thus, the achievement of gender equality is a central indicator of the development of each country. The large-scale participation of women in politics is one of the effective ways not only in solving political, but also social and moral problems, protecting human rights, families, the elderly, motherhood and childhood. The article also provides conclusions and recommendations for increasing the level of women's participation in the political processes of countries.

Analisis Budaya Patriarki dalam Partisipasi Politik Perempuan: Studi Kasus Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Tahun 2005-2020 di Kota Depok

Patriarchal culture creates gender stereotypes, limited access to political networks, and a social stigma for women who want to be involved in political activities. The gender gap is also evident in political representation where women hold a smaller percentage of political positions than men. The city of Depok, as a buffer zone for the capital city, is still thick with this culture, as evidenced by the minimal participation of women in regional elections from year to year. This study will analyze the obstacles to women's political participation in Indonesia caused by patriarchal culture. The case study used is the 2005-2020 Pilkada in Depok City. This research is a qualitative - explanatory research using observation and literature studies to find a deeper understanding of the problems being faced. This study uses three main theories, namely the theory of patriarchy, political participation, and gender stereotypes. From the data that has been analyzed, the main cause of the low political participation of women in the Pilkada in Depok City from 2005-2020 is the strong patriarchal culture. Several factors cause the patriarchal culture to continue to develop in Depok City, namely gender stereotypes, low political education, double burden, and weak political party support for women during elections. This study recommends policy interventions in efforts to increase the level of education for women such as increasing women's representation in political parties, increasing the level of education for women, and empowering women in various sectors such as entrepreneurship, health, and so on to eliminate patriarchal culture and increase women's political participation in Indonesia.

Analysis of the Strength of Looks of Female Politician Candidates "Case Study of the Last Election in Jambi Province"

This study aims to analyze the impact of the strength of appearance capital on voter perceptions and its contribution to the success of female political candidates in the Jambi Province General Election. Appearance capital includes physical appearance, attractiveness, and other visual elements. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive type with a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through field studies and literature studies. Informants in this research included Jambi female politicians, academics, political observers, and the Jambi community. Researchers took these informants because they were considered the best in providing the information needed. The findings show that, although appearance capital can influence initial perceptions, other factors such as background, experience and political vision still play a crucial role in determining a candidate's success. This research can contribute in the form of new insights regarding the understanding of women's political participation in Jambi Province.

Understanding Public Support for Policies Aimed at Gender Parity in Politics: A Cross-National Experimental Study

Abstract Across the globe, women are underrepresented in elected politics. The study's case countries of Australia (ranked 33), Canada (61) and the United States (66) rank poorly for women's political representation. Drawing on role strain and gender-mainstreaming theories and applying large-scale survey experiments, we examine public opinion on non-quota mechanisms to bolster women's political participation. The experimental design manipulates the politician's gender and level of government (federal/local) before asking about non-quota supports to help the politician. We find public support for policies aimed at lessening work–family role strain is higher for a woman politician; these include a pay raise, childcare subsidies and housework allowances. This support is amplified among women who are presented with a woman politician in our experiment, providing evidence of a gender-affinity effect. The study's findings contribute to scholarship on gender equality and point to gender-mainstreaming mechanisms to help mitigate the gender gap in politics.

Political Participation of Women in India: Problems and Prospects

Political Participation of Women in India: Problems and Prospects

EXAMINING PARITY LAW NR. 04/2018: OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS FOR WOMEN'S POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT IN GUINEA-BISSAU

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the challenges surrounding women's political participation in Guinea-Bissau, focusing on the impact of affirmative policies, particularly Parity Law Nr. 04/2018. The study adopted qualitative methods of research. Qualitative data for this study is gathered through interviews, focus groups, and document analysis to understand the sociocultural and institutional barriers that deter women from active political engagement. I also use triangulation to collect secondary data to assess the numerical changes in women's representation in political institutions prior post the implementation of Parity Law Nr. 04/2018. The study recommends a critical evaluation of the enforcement and reception of the parity law by examining its adoption within political parties, electoral processes, and governmental structures. The study found that women's representation in the political process of Guinea Bissau is troubling and in a state of decline. The study recommends Key stakeholders, including policymakers, civil society organizations, and female politicians, be consulted for the implementation of affirmative policies geared towards women's representation in politics and governance.

BREAKING BARRIERS: WOMEN'S POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA'S LEGISLATIVE LANDSCAPE

This study delves into the dynamic landscape of women's political participation and representation in the legislatures of Southwest Nigeria. Recognizing the importance of fostering gender inclusivity in democratic processes, the research investigates the barriers that hinder women's active involvement in politics and explores strategies to enhance their empowerment. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including interviews, surveys, and data analysis, the study provides insights into the current status of women's political engagement, highlights successful interventions, and proposes recommendations for breaking barriers andadvancing women's political empowerment in the Southwest Nigerian context.

Women political participation through panchayats in J&K: A case study of Doda District

Women political participation through panchayats in J&K: A case study of Doda District

Issues of Women's Rights in the Jadid Movement


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 This article delves into the Jadidist movement's influence on women's rights and gender equality within Uzbekistan, emphasizing the pivotal role of enlightened women in societal development. Through the lens of the Jadids' mantra of "Freedom, equality, justice," this study examines their educational endeavors aimed at fostering intellectual growth, political literacy, and a heightened sense of legal consciousness among women. The research reveals a congruence between Jadidist ideals and the aspirations of the New Uzbekistan, highlighting their mutual commitment to societal progress. Employing qualitative analysis, this study elucidates the transformative impact of the Jadidist movement on women's political culture and participation. The findings underscore the significance of aligning progressive ideologies with policy frameworks for advancing gender equality and social development in Uzbekistan and beyond
 Highlights:
 
 The Jadidist movement in Uzbekistan promotes women's rights and gender equality through education and political activism.
 Enlightened women play a crucial role in advancing societal development within the Jadidist framework.
 Alignment between Jadidist ideals and the goals of the New Uzbekistan signifies a promising avenue for enhancing gender equality and political participation.
 
 Keywords: Modern, Progressive, Society, Women, Education
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Female’s Participation through First-Past-the-Post Electoral System in Provincial Election of Nepal

An election produces changes in the socio-cultural arena. The gender gap is commonly used in politics to indicate voting preferences and level of participation during pre-electoral, electoral and post-electoral activities. Gender gap creates obstacles in every step of gender mainstreaming. This article was prepared based on secondary data from the election commission, Nepal (ECN). To assess the status of female’s participation and to identify causes and measures of the gender gap in the provincial level first-past-the-post electoral system, this article was prepared as the title female’s participation through first-past-the-post electoral system in the provincial election of Nepal. A simple literature review was conducted to collect essential information to meet the objective. The status of female’s participation is found low at the provincial level first-past-the-post electoral system in Nepal. There were few numbers of nominate female candidates and elected female candidates in all 7 provinces. In Karnali province, even a single female candidate can’t win the race. To meet the national commitment in gender mainstreaming and to fulfill the target of sustainable development goals, all political parties must perform effective policy to increase the number of female candidates. Through politics, women can realize discrimination and destitution over them. Active participation of women in politics boosts up their roles as voters, candidates, elected officials, electoral administrators, observers, civil society representatives, etc. All barriers regarding female participation in politics must be corrected by concerned authorities as soon as possible with the visionary and coordinating leadership of the local, provincial, and federal government.

Political Gender Violence Against Women in Brazil

Political gender violence against women is a specific form of violence that occurs in the political context, characterized by the use of gender stereotypes and prejudices to limit women’s access to spaces of political power. This form of violence has serious consequences for democracy, security, and economic and social development. To tackle political gender-based violence against women, it is necessary to adopt effective measures to prevent and punish it, as well as to promote gender equality and the full participation of women in politics and public life. Promoting education and awareness about gender equality and creating support networks for women involved in politics are some of the actions that can be adopted to combat this form of violence and build a more just and egalitarian society. This article aims to discuss political gender violence against women in Brazil. The type of research to be carried out in this work was a Literature Review, in which books, dissertations and scientific articles were consulted.

Sindhi Women’s Leadership in Pakistan’s Federal Landscape: A Gender-Based Analysis on Challenges and Opportunities

This study aims to address the role of women as leaders in Pakistan’s federal landscape. Since the inception of Pakistan, women have been playing a dynamic role in the federal unit of Pakistan. Women like Fatima Jinnah, Begum Shaista Ikramullah, and Begum Rana Liaqat Ali Khan had initially participated in the federal landscape of the country. Later, federal leaders such as Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto remained a famous political leader of the federating unit in Pakistan. Currently, Sindhi women such as Shazia Marri, Nafeesa Shah, Shagufta Jumani, Musarrat Naz Baloch, Nusrat Bhutto, Abida Hussain, and Fahmida Mirza, Shahida Rehmani are just a few mentions from Sindh province who served as federal ministers in Pakistan. However, the participation of women in the federal unit involves a range of hurdles associated with culture, society, and other factors in Pakistan, particularly in Sindh. Women in Sindh have always been underrepresented in policymaking in Pakistan. Therefore, the study seeks to address a gendered approach to Sindhi women’s political participation at the federal level coupled with the obstacles and possibilities for Sindhi women's political participation in federal Pakistan, as well as the implications of such participation on women's well-being.

Socio-Cultural Impediments Condense the Role of Women Political Workers in their Affiliated Political Parties

The present study analyzed women’s role with respect to women's interest protection in their respective affiliated political parties. The study attempted to inquire about support and encouragement to women political workers from their respective families and political parties in the electioneering process. In so doing, this study examined women’s role in policy agenda and resource allocation for women’s equal access to education and health. A cross-sectional research design was used to accomplish the current study. A sample of 231 women on reserved seats was interviewed. A stratified random sampling technique of probability was used for sample selection. Interview Schedule was used as a data collection tool, which consists of Likert scale questions. The data was analyzed by SPSS 21 version software, univariate analysis was established by analyzing simple frequencies of the information, while the bivariate association was established by cross-tabulation and binary logistic regression. The study found that socio-cultural impediments restrict women political workers’ roles in their respective affiliated political parties. It may safely be concluded from the findings of the present study that women's political role remained insubstantial with regard to gender equity and equality. Women's political activities are determined by their male counterparts. Practical and strategic gender needs are required to be addressed to enhance women's political participation.

Implications of Low Women's Representation: Strategies and Challenges Towards Gender Equality in Indonesian Politics

In Indonesia, pervasive discrimination against women prompts this legal research to scrutinize the significance of women's presence in parliament. Cultural and structural barriers fuel gender inequality, rooted in patriarchal norms and religious doctrine. Laws restricting women to domestic roles and regional regulations further compound these challenges. Employing a multifaceted approach—analyzing statutory rules, exploring expert opinions, and studying relevant cases—the research focuses on women's representation in parliament. Cultural biases and structural discrimination are addressed, calling for a comprehensive strategy involving legal amendments, societal paradigm shifts, and political party reform. Gender quotas, such as affirmative action, are proposed to boost women's political participation. Success relies on sincere commitment from political entities and society, aiming for a democratic, inclusive Indonesia free from gender discrimination. This approach seeks to create a space for diverse citizen needs, embodying principles of democracy and equality.

A Study on Factors Affecting the Women's Political Participation in Azad Jammu & Kashmir

Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJ&K) (Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir) is actually a part of the disputed State of Jammu & Kashmir. The total population of AJ&K is 4,319,394, and the female population is about 2, 211,445. The AJ&K interim constitution of 1970 unlocked political activities by introducing political reforms and a quota system for women in the legislative assembly. Later, the interim constitution of 1974 guaranteed the political participation of women by increasing the quota in the legislative assembly. Currently, women occupy a larger section of the population, and their political participation is less than that of male representation. Despite the constitutional arrangements to support women’s participation, financial resources, political parties’ dealing with female members, cultural bindings, male ascendency, and less priority to women in the decision-making process of parties, family issues are the factors that create hurdles for women to actively take part in politics of AJ&K. This paper analyses the factors that affect women's representation in the political system. As such, this study is an endeavor to examine the participation of women in AJ&K politics and concurrently highlight the hindrances and challenges that affect women's participation in politics.

Education as an Instrument for Ensuring the Participation of Women in Politics for the Attainment of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) on Gender Equality: Empirical Lessons from Bafut in the North West Region of Cameroon

Purpose: This write-up has been provoked by the gender disparity which prevails in political participation between men and women. While noting that women's participation in politics is low as compared to that of men, the article has been premised on the hypothesis that education is the only instrument that can ensure equal participation of women and men in politics. 
 Materials and Methods: Methodologically, the write up relied on the descriptive research design. While relying on this design, the sample size was 380 women in Bafut. These women were randomly sampled and administered questionnaires, with a response rate of 81.84% (311). Data were also collected through secondary sources from published and unpublished books. In this light, data collected through questionnaires were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), while qualitative data obtained from secondary sources were analyzed contently, by extracting relevant data to support the research questions
 Findings: While relying on empirical observations from Bafut in the North West Region of Cameroon, it is evident that women’s participation in politics is significantly influenced by their level of education. The more education of women is the more the likelihood they are to participate in political activities, such as membership in political parties, voting, attending campaign rallies, petitioning an official, and attending a protest or strike action.
 Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: This article has resolved that for Goal 5 of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of gender equality in political participation to be attainable; there is an urgent need for the government, municipal authorities, the civil society, and local traditional authorities to harness all avenues to foster the education of women and their political knowledge.

The impact of patriarchal culture on Somali women's participation in politics

AbstractMotivationThe political progress has been slow. The patriarchal clan traditions perpetuate gender discrimination, bestowing absolute priority upon all men for public affairs, while clan women remain voiceless, voteless, and restricted to private (household) affairs.PurposeTo better understand why, despite the minimal formal constraints on women's participation in political life, informal institutions and customs determine the social, economic, and cultural constraints on women such that they are often poorly equipped and/or reluctant to participate in public political activity.Methods and approachBased on secondary literature, the article seeks to explain how the influences of the clan patriarchal system exert a negative impact on the political participation of Somali women. It identifies four structural categories, cultural, social, economic, and political, by which patriarchy has persistently impeded the participation of Somali women in the nation's politics.FindingsAlthough women have contested the patriarchal system in Somalia through their participation in public decision‐making processes in different sectors and their participation in politics, including an increasingly higher level of education and more participation in the labour force, their numbers are still insufficient compared to men.Policy implicationsGiven that patriarchy has been identified throughout the world as one of the main obstacles to women's participation in political and socioeconomic processes, there is a need for official quotas for women's representation in politics to balance severe gender inequalities, achieve full realization of human rights and influence the issues raised and how political policies are shaped. There is also a need for political representation to imprint their competence as decision makers. The article sets out recommendations for tackling the four main structural barriers to achieving this, so that women can fully contribute to the development of Somalia, on a par with men.

Gendered Politics in Post-Independence Kenya: The Case of Lower Eastern Region

Women make up a significant proportion of the population, accounting for over half of the global population. Despite this, their participation in politics has always been lower than that of men. In Kenya, women constitute more than half of the entire population and form a sizable part of the electorate, yet they still face political exclusion. Political participation of women in politics is of great significance. This is because it is within the political realm that resource allocation and conflict resolution takes place. People join politics to individually or collectively pursue their interests and if women as a category are not equitably represented, it would mean that key policy and decisions are made without considering their aspirations. The objective of the study was to examine patterns of women's political mobilization in Kenya between 1963-2022. The study was guided by Social Relations Gender Approach. This theory is underpinned by the following assumptions: 
 
 Human well-being is the primary goal of development, 
 Social relations determine people's roles, rights as well as their power over others and 
 Societal institutions play an integral role in perpetuating social inequality. 
 
 The research employed an exploratory research design. It is held here that the Jomo Kenyatta regime perpetuated the colonial patriarchal ideology anchored on gender bias. The independence regime conceptualized the role of women’s organizations as mainly useful to improve the nation’s economy but deliberately muzzled their political aspirations. The Moi regime opened political space for women and it is the Kibaki administration through the promulgation of the 2010 Constituion that gave women the requisite platform towards achieving gender equity in politics.

Editorial

Editorial

Tantangan Dan Keberhasilan Peran Perempuan Dalam Partisipasi Politik Swedia Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Keadilan Gender Secara Global

Women's political participation is a key factor in achieving an inclusive and equitable democracy. This research aims to investigate the role of women in increasing political participation and democracy in Sweden. Qualitative research is used to understand complex and subjective cases by collecting descriptive and unstructured data. The results show that Sweden has achieved significant progress in women's political participation. The country has consistently championed gender equality and ranks fourth in the 2020 Global Gender Gap Index. The gender equality approach as a cornerstone of its politics has brought significant changes in the role of women in politics and government policy. Sweden also acts as a global change agent in promoting gender equality values. The research also identified that gender gaps still exist in Sweden, influenced by structural barriers, political institutions and political culture. Sweden has used quota mechanisms and women's competency preparation to increase women's representation in parliament. However, there is still work to be done to fully address gender inequality. Sweden is an inspiring country in the fight for gender equality and women's empowerment in politics. Quota efforts, competency preparation, and community support are important steps in increasing women's representation in Swedish politics. Gender concepts and feminist perspectives have becGender equality
 ome the basis for policies that support women to participate in politics, ensure gender equality, and create a more inclusive and fair political environment for everyone.