Wire Appliance Research Articles

Measurement and analysis on the teeth morphology in 90 Chinese Han young adults with normal occlusion

To measure and analyze the teeth surfaces in 90 Chinese Han young adults with normal occlusion from one university in Shanghai, and to provide data for straight wire appliance system for Chinese patients. 90 volunteers with normal occlusion were selected from 9000 college freshmen in Shanghai，whose dental impression with normal occlusion were scanned into digital models. Crown angulation, crown inclination, buccal(labial) crown facial prominence were measured and analyzed by Smartee Ortho（A）software. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. The mean values of the teeth surfaces in normal occlusion were obtained, including crown angulation, crown inclination, buccal (labial) crown facial prominence. Crown angulations were leaning toward the middle line except upper second molars. Compared with west Caucasian, angulations were smaller in incisors and canines, and crown inclinations were larger in incisors and canines, especially the upper and lower canines. The upper and lower molars were inclined more to the lingual side. Crown facial prominence differences between upper first and second incisor were smaller, while the differences were larger between lower second incisor and canine, lower first and second molar. There are differences between Chinese and west Caucasian with normal occlusion. It is necessary to invent a kind of straight wire appliance system for Chinese patients.

Final Maxillary Incisor Inclination in Class II Div 1 Malocclusion Treated with Standard Edge Wises or Straight Wire Appliances

Final Maxillary Incisor Inclination in Class II Div 1 Malocclusion Treated with Standard Edge Wises or Straight Wire Appliances

Biomechanical Analysis of Micro-implants Lingual Straight Wire Appliance during Retracting Maxillary Anterior Teeth

Biomechanical Analysis of Micro-implants Lingual Straight Wire Appliance during Retracting Maxillary Anterior Teeth

PENGGUNAAN PIR T-LOOP UNTUK PERBAIKAN I GIGI MOLAR KEDUA PERMANEN RAHANG BAWAH

Background: Mesial tipping of permanent molar could be corrected by many ways. One of the simplest way was by using T-loop spring. Objective: To report the result of using straight wire appliance system Roth with ¬T-loop spring in order correction of mesial tipping of second lower permanent molar on both side.Case Management: A 35 years old woman came with chief complain wanted to fx the lower left and right molar which was tilted and felt uncomfortable during mastication. OPG examination showed a mesial tipping of 37 and 47 tooth with 300 and 550 angulations. The measurement of angulations was using modifcation of the midline reference plane as used by Elsey and Rock. The straight wire appliance system Roth with .022” slot was used for the treatment. T-loop spring with .018x.022” rectangular stainless steel wire was used to upright of both second permanent molars. Observation of 4 months treatment using T-loop spring showed an improvement in angulations of both second molars; 550 on 37 and 630 on 47.Conclusion: Mesial tipping correction of second permanent molar can beaccomplished using T-loop spring with stainless steel rectangular .018x.022” wire and consistently yields satisfactory result.

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis of Electrical System at Indoor Wires and Wiring Appliances

본 연구에서는 옥내 배선 및 배선기구에 대하여, 통계자료, 관련법, 실태조사 등의 분석을 통하여 그 위험성을 확인하였다. 또한 구성부품을 분류하였고 FMEA 기법 적용이 가능한 신뢰성평가 소프트웨어를 이용하여 고장모드를 발견하고 이를 바탕으로 위험우선순위지수와 중요도를 도출하였다. 옥내 배선 및 배선기구의 구성부품별 중요도는 패널, MCCB/ELB, 커넥터, 스위치, 콘센트, 플러그, 소켓 및 전기배선에서 나타났으며 이중에서 콘센트와 플러그, 전기배선 및 커넥터에서 고장모드가 가장 높게 나타났다. 위험우선순위가 동시에 높은 부품은 콘센트와 플러그, 전기배선 및 커넥터로 중요도와 비슷하게 도출되었다. 특히 콘센트와 플러그 부분에서는 누전 및 접촉불량으로 인한 감전 및 누전화재가 잠재요인으로 나타났으며, 콘센트의 과부하에 의한 과열의 경우도 전기화재를 일으키는 원인으로 작용하고 있고 이 모든 것이 옥내 배선 및 배선기구의 전기재해를 높이는 원인으로 분석되었다.This study analyzed the risks of indoor wires and wiring appliances by looking into statistical data, relevant laws, and actual conditions. In addition, it classified the components to find a failure mode with the use of the reliability evaluation software that can apply the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) technique, and drew a risk priority index and the degree of importance. Regarding the components of indoor wires and wiring appliances, their importance factors were panel, MCCB/ELB, connector, switch, outlet, plug, socket and electric wire, of which outlet, plug, electric wire and connector had the highest failure mode. In addition, it is found that the overheat induced by outlet overload caused an electric fire and increased electric disasters of indoor wires and wiring appliances. The study results are applicable to the fires with the risk of human disaster and the risk of life safety on household items.

Cleanliness drive: Straight wire appliance or Begg's appliance???

Context: Plaque is a major etiological factor in causation of periodontal disease. Orthodontic appliances are known to accumulate plaque owing to their complex configuration. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate difference in plaque accumulation both quantitatively and qualitatively, and oral hygiene maintenance, between Begg's and Straight Wire appliances. Subjects and Methods: Eighty patients (40 of Begs and 40 of MBT) aged between 13 and 23 years were subjected to oral prophylaxis to bring the plaque score to zero before the start of study and were asked to report every 2 weeks to identify the microbial shift in plaque sample. The disclosing solution was applied on labial and lingual tooth surfaces and plaque was scored with the help of Quigly and Heins index. The plaque samples were collected in 2 ml of saline containing test tubes. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS software version 22. P Results and Conclusion: Significant difference between Beggs group and MBT group for variables V1 (plaque index) and V2 (spirochetes count) at each time point existed. Furthermore, MBT group patients showed an increase in plaque index value at each point. In spite of maintaining same environment, plaque accumulation and spirochetes are more in Straight Wire appliance than Begg's.

Zespołowe leczenie ortodontyczno-chirurgiczne szkieletowej klasy III – opis przypadku

Skeletal class III malocclusion can be caused by excessive mandibular growth, maxillary hypoplasia, or a combination of both. The aim of this study was to present a multidisciplinary treatment of a 28 year-old female with a skeletal class III malocclusion and bilateral hypodontia of the first and second maxillary premolars. Orthodontic treatment, as a part of the patient’s preparation for surgery, included a straight wire appliance using Roth prescription for both dental arches. A transpalatal distractor (TPD) was used to correct the transversal maxillary deficiency. The expansion was later continued using the quad-helix appliance. The second stage of surgical management included the bimaxillary osteotomy (BIMAX) in order to correct the skeletal malocclusion (mandibular prognathism and maxillary hypoplasia). Orthodontic treatment was continued after surgery, until the normal occlusal relationships were restored. The outcomes included a complete functional repair of the patient’s stomatognathic system and a significant improvement of the aesthetic appearance of her face. Multidisciplinary management was used involving orthodontic and surgical strategies. The treatment restored normal occlusal relationships, improved the stomathognatic function, the patency of upper airways as well as the aesthetic appearance of the patient’s face and smile.

Evolution of treatment mechanics and contemporary appliance design in orthodontics: A 40-year perspective.

Until the early 1970s, successful treatment with the Begg technique and the Tweed edgewise technique required tedious wire bending. The introduction of Andrews' straight wire appliance changed that, and it was one of the most significant contributions in the history of orthodontics. The straight wire appliance significantly reduced the amount of wire bending and also brought along other options in treatment mechanics. Retraction of the canines with elastic chains and ligature wires became more common. Sliding mechanics in place of closing loops became the method of space closure for a significant number of clinicians. Edgewise force levels were initially used to close spaces; however, it was soon observed that lighter forces were more effective with sliding mechanics. Along with these changes, it became apparent that compensation in the appliance was needed, depending on the type of malocclusion and particularly with varying extraction sequences. Various appliance designs were developed to accommodate changes in mechanics and force levels. These modifications improved tooth positions at the end of treatment as long as the brackets were properly placed. These major changes in appliances, force levels, and treatment mechanics can be traced back to the work of Dr Lawrence Andrews and the straight wire appliances.

Treatment of Young People with Dental, Jaw and Face Deformation as a Challenge for Their Psycho-Social Rehabilitation

Aim: To investigate how good is the dental-orthodontic treatment of the young people with face deformation, and it contributes in improving dental function and normal straight face profile. Materials and methods: Different young people with dental midline, jaw deviation and face deformation will be presented. The method used is fixed orthodontic appliance, technique of straight wire appliance. Results: The good results of the treatment clearly demonstrate how the previous used method improve the psycho-social rehabilitation of the young people. After that they showed their satisfaction and stated that they are very happy about the successful therapy which significantly have changed their lives. Conclusion: The research has shown that all the results of this treatment provoke a better further rehabilitation from the social and psychological aspect. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n1s2p17

Comparison of two types of biomecanics for deep overbite correction

Aim: To compare two types of treatment for Class II deep overbite malocclusion assessing maxillary and mandibular arches behavior in subjects submitted to full orthodontic treatment with standard edgewise appliance and those who used straight wire appliance. Methods: The sample consisted of 50 patients treated with full fixed appliances either with edgewise appliance (n=25, Group 1), or with straight wire appliance (n=25, Group 2). In both groups lateral cephalometric radiographs were compared with those done at the beginning of treatment and at its end, in order to quantify the cephalometric measures (8 linear and 6 angular) presenting the maxillary and mandibular arches behavior in the anteroposterior and vertical directions. All patients were treated without extraction or use of Class II intermaxillary elastics during the full orthodontic treatment. Results: In both groups the treatment of malocclusion contributed for mandibular forward displacement, reduction of deep overbite and overjet, reduction of mandibular plane with anti-clockwise rotation and labial projection of maxillary incisors. Conclusions: In both groups the sample showed favorable mandibular displacement, reduction of facial convexity, and profile improvement with anti-clockwise rotation. The correction of deep overbite was due to labial projection and intrusion of maxillary incisors.

Three-dimensional finite element analysis on En mass intrusion and retraction of maxillary anterior teeth with J-hook headgear

To investigate the biomechanics of J-hook headgear in En mass intrusion and retraction of maxillary anterior teeth and provide guidance for clinical treatment. A three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary teeth, periodontium, straight wire appliance and maxillary bone was established in ANSYS 14.0. En mass retraction of anterior teeth with force of 1.5 N through J-hook headgear was stimulated. Force was applied mesial to lateral incisor in group A and distal to lateral incisor in group B. The force direction was 30° to the sagittal plane and 20° to 60° to the occlusal plane. Force direction to the occlusal plane was changed every 5° and 18 cases were calculated. Displacement of upper anterior teeth and stress distribution in the periodontium were analyzed. As the degrees of force direction to the occlusal plane increased, the moving pattern of upper anterior teeth changed from clockwise rotation (lingual movement with intrusion) to bodily retraction and intrusion, and counter- clockwise rotation (intrusion with labial movement). With the force direction of 35° to occlusal plane applied mesial to lateral incisor or force direction of 45° to the occlusal plane applied distal to lateral incisor, bodily movement of upper anterior teeth without rotation was achieved. Placement of J-hook mesial to lateral incisor enable orthodontists to maintain better en mass intrusion and retraction of upper anterior teeth. The direction of J-hook should be adjusted according to individual condition and treatment objective.

Research of treatment effects of double parabolic lingual springs appliance and open vertical loops in combination with straight wire appliance therapy on skeletal classIII malocclusion in early permanent dentition

Objective To evaluate the treatment effects of double parabolic lingual springs appliance and open vertical loops in combination with straight wire appliance therapy on skeletal classⅢmalocclusion in early permanent dentition. Methods 30 cases with skeletal classⅢ malocclusion in early permanent dentition were treated by double parabolic lingual springs appliance and open vertical loops in combination with straight wire appliance.Cephalometric tracing measurement was taken to analyze and compare between pretreatment and posttreatment. Results The comparison of before and after orthodontic treatment showed angle SNA increased (3.20±0.36)°,angle SNB decreased(-0.39±0.48)°,angle ANB decreased(4.69±1.34)°,Ls-E increased(3.50±1.14)mm(t=-4.65,2.73,-8.42,-4.32,all P< 0.01). Conclusion The above metioned technique could be a reliable way to treat mild and moderate skeletal classⅢ malocclusion. Key words: Tooth abnormalities; Orthodontic appliances; Orthotic devices

Impact of Modified Smart Wire Appliance in Pseudo-Class III Management

Impact of Modified Smart Wire Appliance in Pseudo-Class III Management

The effect of vertical bracket positioning on torque and the resultant stress in the periodontal ligament--a finite element study.

BackgroundThe ideal built-in tip and torque values of the straight wire appliance reduce the need for wire bending and hence reduce chair time. The vertical position of the bracket on the tooth surface can alter the torque exerted on the tooth. This is a result of the altered surface curvature observed at each vertical position. To further clarify the role of vertical bracket positioning on the applied torque and the resultant stresses in the periodontal ligament (PDL), we designed a mandibular first premolar using finite element modeling.MethodsCone beam computed tomography of 52 patients (83 lower first premolars) was selected to be included in the study. Curvature was measured for points along the labial surface with increasing distances (0.5 mm increments) from the cusp tip by calculating the angle between tangents drawn from these points and the axis joining the cusp tip and the root apex. The mean values for each distance were calculated, and a finite element model was designed incorporating these mean values. The resultant stress and hydrostatic pressure in the PDL were calculated using finite element analysis.ResultsThe labial surface of the mandibular first premolar demonstrated a 26.39° change from 2.5 to 6 mm from the cusp tip. The maximum Von-Mises stress and hydrostatic pressure in the PDL were observed at the root apex for all of the bracket positions, and these values demonstrated, respectively, a change of up to 0.059 and 0.186 MPa between two successive points.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that the variation in the vertical position of the bracket can have an important effect on the torque and subsequently on the stresses and pressures in the PDL.

Prevention of orthodontic enamel demineralization with Duraphat

The clinical data was collected from 26 orthodontics patients at our hospital. All of them received straight wire appliance. The observed teeth were randomly classified into experiment and comparison groups. After the mounting of orthodontic bracket, Duraphat was smeared on the surface of maxillary central incisor, maxillary lateral incisor, maxillary canine, maxillary first premolar and maxillary first premolar in the experiment group while no Duraphat was applied in the comparison group. After wearing orthodontic appliance for 1, 3, 6 and 9 months, enamel demineralization of each tooth was observed. And the enamel decalcification index (EDI) of different areas of each tooth at different timepoints was recorded. More demineralization areas existed in the comparison group than the experiment group (P<0.01). In addition, no Ⅲ degree enamel demineralization was observed in the experiment group after Duraphat applying for 1 month. EDI were 0.20, 0.24, 0.21 and 0.16 in the experiment group after Duraphat applying for 1, 3, 6 and 9 months versus 0.37, 0.44, 0.44 and 0.34 in the comparison group during the same time periods. Therefore EDI and demineralization areas were significantly smaller in the experiment group than those in the comparison group (P<0.01). Key words: Orthodontics; Sodium fluoride

Observation of the clinical effect of MBT straight wire appliance in the treatment of patho-occlusion

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of the MBT straight wire technique for treatment of angle class Ⅱ 1 patho-occlusion.Methods 62 cases of adult class Ⅱ division 1 patients were randomly divided into the observation group (32 cases) and the control group (30 cases).The observation group was treated with MBT straight wire appliance therapy,the control group received the traditional straight wire appliance therapy.The two groups were given cephalometric film before and after treatment,and the clinical effect was observed and recorded.Results In the observation group,there were no significant differences in SNA,SNB,ANB,LI-MP,MP-SN after treatment compared with before treatment (t =0.46,0.73,0.24,1.05,P ＞ 0.05),while there were statistically significant differences in ANB,U1-SN,U1-L1 after treatment compared with before treatment (t =1.58,6.32,7.43,P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment 7 mm of openbite,OB 2 mm after treatment,returned to normal overbite and overjet,there was statistically significant difference(t =3.26,P ＜ 0.05).The mean treatment time was (22.0 ± 2.5) months in the observation group,it was significantly lower than(3 1.0 ± 3.8)months in the control group,there was statistically significant difference (t =7.47,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,U1-SN,U1-L1 and OB in the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group,there were statistically significant differences(t =5.47,3.43,5.41,1.67,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion MBT straight wire appliance has the advantages of simple operation,accurate positioning of teeth,simplified correction procedure and short treatment time,it is worth the clinical promotion. Key words: Orthodontic appliances ,functional ; Touth abnormalities

To compare the oral hygiene status of patients with Straight wire appliance and Begg's appliance in the suburban population

To compare the oral hygiene status of patients with Straight wire appliance and Begg's appliance in the suburban population

Wire bending or preformed arches?

The concept of placing bespoke bends in a wire seems to be alien to some. Has the skill and art of bending wire been all but lost in the rush to embrace whichever version of the straight wire appliance that is currently in vogue?

No differences seen in outcomes between three different methods of orthodontic retention

Three arm, parallel group, patient randomised trial. Seventy-five patients who had just completed a course of treatment with four premolar extractions and fixed straight wire appliances in both jaws (0.022 inch, MBT) having had no previous orthodontics, were randomised by participant ballot sampling. To be eligible they had to be in the permanent dentition, with space deficiencies in both jaws, normal skeletal and dentoalveolar sagittal, vertical and transverse relationships, Class I molars or 3mm anterior or posterior deviation. The three retention methods were: 1) removable vacuum-formed retainer with maxillary canine-to-canine and palatal coverage plus a mandibular canine-to-canine bonded retainer (GroupV-CTC); 2) an identical maxillary vacuum-formed retainer as in Group V-CTC plus stripping of mandibular anterior teeth (Group V-S); and 3) a prefabricated positioner covering all erupted teeth in both jaws (Group P). Patients were given appliances within one hour of debonding, which were worn more for the first than second year then discontinued. Dental casts were taken at four time points; before treatment, on removal of fixed appliances, after 12 months and 24 months of retention. Twenty randomly selected casts were measured by a single blinded assessor on two separate occasions, four weeks apart, using electronic digital callipers for inter-canine width; inter-molar width; arch length; overjet; and overbite. Height and estimated compliance was recorded at every visit. Successful retention using Little's Irregularity Index was considered to be <3.5mm. Seventy-five patients were enrolled, and 69 completed, the trial. The mean active treatment time was 1.7 years and mean age was 14.4 years (SD 1.5) at start of retention. Although there were statistically significant differences for some of the parameters measured, there were no clinically significant differences between the three retention methods. All three were equally effective in retaining orthodontic treatment results and controlling relapse to a clinically significant level even when the results were adjusted for cooperation, initial crowding, growth and gender. The major part of relapse took place during the first year of retention. All three retention methods, V-CTC, V-S and P, retained the orthodontic treatment results and prevented relapse within clinically acceptable levels. Most relapse took place within the first year of retention and changes during the second year were small or negligible.

Assessment of clinical outcomes of Roth and MBT bracket prescription using the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System

Background:There is always a need to assess whether small changes in bracket prescription can lead to visually detectable differences in tooth positions. However, with little clinical evidence to show advantages of any of the popularly used bracket systems, orthodontists are forced to make clinical decisions with little scientific guidance.Aim:To compare the orthodontic cases finished with Roth and MBT prescription using American Board of Orthodontics-Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS).Settings and Design:Department of Orthodontics, Post-graduate dental college, retrospective cross-sectional study.Materials and Methods:Forty patients selected were divided into two groups of 20 patients each finished with straight wire appliance using Roth and MBT prescription, respectively. The examiner ability was assessed and calibrated by one of the ABO certified clinician to grade cases using the OGS.Statistical Analysis:Unpaired student t-test was used and P < 0.05 was accepted as significant.Results and Conclusions:MBT bracket group had a lower score of 2.60 points in buccolingual inclination and lower score of 1.10 points in occlusal contact category that was statistically significant when compared with Roth group. The difference in total ABO-OGS score was 2.65 points showing that the outcome for the MBT prescription was better than that of the Roth prescription, which is statistically significant, but with little or no clinical significance. It can be concluded that use of either one of the Roth and MBT bracket prescriptions have no impact to the overall clinical outcome and quality of treatment entirely depends on clinician judgment and experience.