Middleware For Wireless Sensor Networks Research Articles

A survey on service-oriented middleware for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are used for many applications such as environmental monitoring, infrastructure security, healthcare applications, and traffic control. The design and development of such applications must address many challenges dictated by WSN characteristics on one hand and the targeted applications on the other. One of the emerging approaches used for relaxing these challenges is using service-oriented middleware (SOM). Service-oriented computing, in general, aims to make services available and easily accessible through standardized models and protocols without having to worry about the underlying infrastructures, development models, or implementation details. SOM could play an important role in facilitating the design, development, and implementation of service-oriented systems. This will help achieve interoperability, loose coupling, and heterogeneity support. Furthermore, SOM approaches will provision non-functional requirements like scalability, reliability, flexibility, and Quality of Service (QoS) assurance. This paper surveys the current work in SOM and the trends and challenges to be addressed when designing and developing these solutions for WSN.

Research on the Message-Oriented Middleware for Wireless Sensor Networks

The Propagation of information in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is critical to the communication. It is necessary and important to design a suitable communication primitive. Among these communication primitives, one distinguished primitive is Publish/Subscribe Communication Generics. This paper introduces current middleware of wireless sensor networks; analyze layer structure and problems of middleware. Then we design a message-oriented middleware system named WMOS (Wireless Message-Oriented System) which is developed on TinyOS. WMOS has three features mainly: first, WMOS is a distributed middleware system which is well-adapted to scalable system. WMOS utilizes conception of fully distributed and modular to make it appropriate for practical implementations. Second, we supply self-adapt multilevel QoS service to save power effectively. Third, we introduce topic/content double mode based on XML matched in WSN application. It guarantees effective query information than other middleware.

La Nina: framework in self-adaptive publish/subscribe middleware for wireless sensor networks

This paper focuses on three key issues that the publish/subscribe (pub/sub) communication scheme faces for event routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs): (1) balancing trade-offs among conflicting performance objectives such as data yield, data fidelity and power efficiency; (2) satisfying quality of service (QoS) requirements such as latency and (3) considering noise in evaluating event routing performance. To address these issues, this paper investigates self-adaptive event routing in TinyDDS, which is pub/sub middleware for WSNs. With its noise-aware and constraint-based evolutionary multiobjective optimisation framework, La Nina, TinyDDS autonomously adapts its routing parameters to dynamic network conditions by reducing the impacts of noise on performance evaluation and seeking the optimal trade-offs among performance objectives under given QoS requirements. Simulation results validate this ability of TinyDDS in large-scale, dynamic and noisy WSNs. TinyDDS is implemented lightweight enough to operate on resource-limited sensor nodes.

SensorBus ‑ A Policy-Based Middleware for Wireless Sensor Networks

The use of middleware to develop distributed applications liberates the programmer of the concerns (communication and coordination among software components) imposed by the distributed network environment. Besides these concerns, in wireless sensor networks are considered, also, their specific characteristics (address, mobility, amount and limited resources of the sensor nodes). This paper describes the implementation and performance evaluation of SensorBus, a message-oriented adaptive middleware for wireless sensor networks that uses policies to assist to the several characteristics of the wireless sensor networks. Policies are implemented in an application profile, through metadata, encoded in XML documents. Performance evaluation of SensorBus is made through their two main services: application and context. We used measurement techniques and simulation to carry out the experiments. Experiments show that using metadata to incorporate policies in the middleware does not imply undue overheads.

Middleware for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have found more and more applications in a variety of pervasive computing environments. However, how to support the development, maintenance, deployment and execution of applications over WSNs remains to be a nontrivial and challenging task, mainly because of the gap between the high level requirements from pervasive computing applications and the underlying operation of WSNs. Middleware for WSN can help bridge the gap and remove impediments. In recent years, research has been carried out on WSN middleware from different aspects and for different purposes. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the existing work on WSN middleware, seeking for a better understanding of the current issues and future directions in this field. We propose a reference framework to analyze the functionalities of WSN middleware in terms of the system abstractions and the services provided. We review the approaches and techniques for implementing the services. On the basis of the analysis and by using a feature tree, we provide taxonomy of the features of WSN middleware and their relationships, and use the taxonomy to classify and evaluate existing work. We also discuss open problems in this important area of research.

무선 센서 네트워크에서 데이터 수집의 효율성 및 정확성 향상을 위한 데이터 병합기법

센서 기술과 무선 통신 기술의 발달로 무선 센서 네트워크 환경에서 데이터 처리 중심의 미들웨어에 대한 연구가 크게 증가하고 있다. 무선 센서 네트워크에서 효율적인 데이터 처리와 신속한 전송을 위해 사용되는 미들웨어는 순간적인 데이터 밀집현상(burstness)으로 발생하는 중간 노드의 데이터 손실 문제를 해결하여야 하며, 이를 위해 폐기정책을 사용하거나 전송해야 할 데이터양을 최소화하는 압축 기법이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 폐기정책은 수집된 데이터의 정확성을 저하시키는 문제점이 있으며, 압축기법은 알고리즘 복잡도가 커서 추가적으로 프로세싱 오버헤드가 커지는 문제점을 지니고 있다. 본 논문에서는 계산 능력, 소비 전력 등 극히 한정된 자원만을 사용하여 데이터를 전달해야 하는 무선 센서 네트워크 환경에서 수집된 데이터의 효율성 및 정확성을 향상시킬 수 있는 Delta-Average 기법을 제시하였다. 제안된 기법을 통해 평균화 방식을 이용함으로써 순간적인 데이터 밀집현상으로부터 중복된 데이터에 대한 불필요한 전송을 방지하면서 정확성을 높이도록 하였다. 마지막으로 제안된 기법의 성능을 평가하기 위해 TinyDB에서 TOSSIM 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 성능분석 결과를 통해 데이터 정확성이 향상되었음을 입증하였다. Recently, many of researchers have been studied in data processing oriented middleware for wireless sensor networks with the rapid advances on sensor and wireless communication technologies. In a wireless sensor network, a middleware should handle the data loss problem at an intermediate sensor node caused by instantaneous data burstness to support efficient processing and fast delivering of the sensing data. To handle this problem, a simple data discarding or data compressing policy for reducing the total amount of data to be transferred is typically used. But, data discarding policy decreases the correctness of a collected data, in other hand, data compressing policy requires additional processing overhead with the high complexity of the given algorithm. In this paper, it proposes a data-average method for enhancing the efficiency of data aggregation and correctness where the sensed data should be delivered only with the limited computing power and energy resource. With the proposed method, unnecessary data transfer of the overlapped data is eliminated and data correctness is enhanced by using the proposed averaging scheme when an instantaneous data burstness is occurred. Finally, with the TOSSTM simulation results on TinyBB, we show that the correctness of the transferred data is enhanced.

Mobile data collection in sensor networks: The Tiny Lime middleware

In this paper we describe Tiny Lime, a novel middleware for wireless sensor networks that departs from the traditional setting where sensor data is collected by a central monitoring station, and enables instead multiple mobile monitoring stations to access the sensors in their proximity and share the collected data through wireless links. This intrinsically context-aware setting is demanded by applications where the sensors are sparse and possibly isolated, and where on-site, location-dependent data collection is required. An extension of the Lime middleware for mobile ad hoc networks, Tiny Lime makes sensor data available through a tuple space interface, providing the illusion of shared memory between applications and sensors. Data aggregation capabilities and a power-savvy architecture complete the middleware features. The paper presents the model and application programming interface of Tiny Lime, together with its implementation for the Crossbow MICA2 sensor platform.

A simulation‐based study of wireless sensor network middleware

AbstractFuture wireless sensor networks (WSNs) will transport high‐bandwidth, low‐latency streaming data, and will host sophisticated processing, such as image fusion and object tracking, in‐network on sensor network nodes. Recent middleware proposals provide capabilities for in‐network processing, reducing energy drain based on communication costs alone. However, hosting complex processing on WSN nodes incurs additional processing energy and latency costs that impact network lifetime and application performance. There is a need for a WSN planning framework to explore energy saving and application performance trade‐offs for models of future sensor networks that account for processing costs in addition to communication costs. In this work, we present a simulation framework to analyze the interplay between resource requirements for compute‐ and communication‐intensive in‐network processing for streaming applications. We simulate a surveillance application workload with middleware capabilities for data fusion, adaptive policy‐driven migration of data fusion computation across network nodes, and prefetching of streaming data inputs for fusion processing. Our study sheds light on application figures of merit such as latency, throughput, and lifetime with respect to migration policy and node CPU and radio characteristics. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Issues in designing middleware for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are being developed for a variety of applications. With the continuing advances in network and application design, appropriate middleware is needed to provide both standardized and portable system abstractions, and the capability to support and coordinate concurrent applications on sensor networks. In this article, we first identify several design principles for such middleware. These principles motivate a cluster-based lightweight middleware framework that separates application semantics from the underlying hardware, operating system, and network infrastructure. We propose a layered architecture for each cluster that consists of a cluster control layer and a resource management layer. Key design issues and related challenges within this framework that deserve further investigation are outlined. Finally, we discuss a technique for energy-efficient resource allocation in a single-hop cluster, which serves as a basic primitive for the development of the resource management layer.