Wireless Electronic System Research Articles

Multichannel wireless electronic system for recording the signal of the surface electromyogram

This article is aimed at developing electronic system for recording the signal of surface electromyogram. The system consists of the instrumental amplifier, analog filters, recording system based on the micro-controller, Bluetooth radio module and specialized software for microcontroller. Multichannel wireless elec-tronic system for recording the signal of the surface electromyogram. The article includes the basics knowledge of neurophysiology, main principals of registration the signal of surface electromyogram, elec-trodes types and progress trends of developing the active electrodes.In the article the process of developing, production multichannel electronic system and developing special software for filtering recorded signal is described. Approbation of the wireless recording system was held. Results includes recorded signals of surface electromiogram and amplitude-frequency charac-teristic of the measuremented signal.Results could be used for medical diagnosis, sport research, artificial prosthesis and human-computer interface.References 12, figures 7.

Biodigesters: chemical, physical and biological factors related to their productivity

<p class="p1">Biodigesters are designed to optimize biogas production using organic wastes, thereby attaining clean, low-cost renewable energy. In 2008, a group of ITCR researchers worked on developing a wireless electronic system for control and protection of biogas production. One of the specific objectives of this work was to find information about methods to increase biogas production. In this review we established the mathematical parameters related to biogas estimation of productivity. We then focused on the influence of chemical factors such as substrate composition, substrate combinations, addition of fat, and presence of inhibitors. We also studied the effect of physical factors such as temperature, solids removal, protein exclusion and phase separation during anaerobic digestion of organic matter. Finally we attempted to determine the role of biological factors such as the addition of thermophilic bacteria and the importance of methanogens. </p>

Monitoring the membrane scaling propensity of retentate in reverse osmosis desalination plants

Scaling appears first in the tail spiral wound membrane (SWM) elements of desalination plants due to increased salt concentration in the retentate; in particular, membrane scaling starts locally when supersaturation of sparingly soluble salts (commonly CaCO3 and CaSO4) is attained. Reliable determination of the onset of membrane scaling in the tail elements (as a function of the local retentate physico-chemical properties) provides a threshold condition serving a dual purpose; i.e., it imposes essentially an upper limit to the degree of permeate recovery, and guides the selection of an appropriate anti-scaling program involving additives. Judicious use of the latter is important for reduction of desalination cost and environmental impact. The current practices for estimating incipient scaling within the spacer filled reverse osmosis (RO) membrane elements involve a great deal of uncertainty. In this study, slightly supersaturated in CaCO3 brackish waters were desalinated in a test section comprising a narrow gap spacer filled channel simulating local (constant flux) conditions in SWM modules. Detailed data on incipient membrane scaling were obtained leading to the following main conclusions: (a) minute quantities of very small particles, ever present in RO plants, apparently promote heterogeneous nucleation; moreover, under the conditions tested, induction period for membrane scaling is practically nonexistent. (b) the initial scale deposit rates measured by special techniques (but undetectable with common bulk flow measurements) are substantial, and if not mitigated would be detrimental to SWM performance over a relatively short operating time period. (c) accurate determination of supersaturation ratio at the membrane surface Sw can be a reliable criterion for the onset of scaling, instead of currently used indices (e.g. Langelier Saturation Index) or practical type recommendations; a reliable method has been employed to determine Sw under local retentate conditions. Based on these results, a novel system was developed for monitoring the scaling propensity of retentate, which involves combination of a limited number of measurements in key locations of a RO plant, reliable algorithms for local equilibria and supersaturation (Sw) calculations, and a modern wireless electronic system for plant wide monitoring.

TU-F-18C-03: X-Ray Scatter Correction in Breast CT: Advances and Patient Testing

Purpose: To further develop and perform patient testing of an x-ray scatter correction algorithm for dedicated breast computed tomography (BCT). Methods: A previously proposed algorithm for x-ray scatter signal reduction in BCT imaging was modified and tested with a phantom and on patients. A wireless electronic positioner system was designed and added to the BCT system that positions a tungsten plate in and out of the x-ray beam. The interpolation used by the algorithm was replaced with a radial basis function-based algorithm, with automated exclusion of non-valid sampled points due to patient motion or other factors. A 3D adaptive noise reduction filter was also introduced to reduce the impact of scatter quantum noise post-reconstruction. The impact on image quality of the improved algorithm was evaluated using a breast phantom and seven patient breasts, using quantitative metrics such signal difference (SD) and signal difference-to-noise ratios (SDNR) and qualitatively using image profiles. Results: The improvements in the algorithm resulted in a more robust interpolation step, with no introduction of image artifacts, especially at the imaged object boundaries, which was an issue in the previous implementation. Qualitative evaluation of the reconstructed slices and corresponding profiles show excellent homogeneity of both the background andmore » the higher density features throughout the whole imaged object, as well as increased accuracy in the Hounsfield Units (HU) values of the tissues. Profiles also demonstrate substantial increase in both SD and SDNR between glandular and adipose regions compared to both the uncorrected and system-corrected images. Conclusion: The improved scatter correction algorithm can be reliably used during patient BCT acquisitions with no introduction of artifacts, resulting in substantial improvement in image quality. Its impact on actual clinical performance needs to be evaluated in the future. Research Agreement, Koning Corp., Hologic Inc., Barco Corp Consultant Agreement, Fujifilm Medical Systems.« less

Implementation of Intelligent Electronic Acupuncture System Using Sensor Module

Conventional electronic acupuncture can stimulate only one acupuncture point, and patients have to decide the time and the strength by themselves. In order to solve these problems, intelligent electronic acupuncture using biometric sensors and fuzzy technology was developed in this paper. And wireless electronic acupuncture system using sensor modules was developed in this paper. We used the sensor modules to obtain a patient's diagnosis signals. These sensor modules consist of 5 parts. The signals were analyzed to make instructions for the treatment, and the sensing pad for electronic acupuncture was designed. In addition, adaptive wireless acupuncture system was developed to adjust strength and time of acupuncture and several acupuncture points of patients by using fuzzy technology. We implemented efficient wireless electronic acupuncture system to get acupuncture easily using intelligent diagnosis system.

Microstrip Patch Antenna: A Survey

The sizes and weight of various wireless electronic system have rapidly reduced due to the development of modern integrated circuit technology. A Microstrip antenna (MSA) is well suited for wireless communication due to its low profile, conformal nature, light weight, low cost of production, robust nature and compatibility with microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs) and optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) technologies. In this paper the complete discussion is focused on the working principles, limitations and the applications of microstrip patch antenna.

Wireless Recording Systems: From Noninvasive EEG-NIRS to Invasive EEG Devices

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a wireless wearable electronic system dedicated to remote data recording for brain monitoring. The reported wireless recording system is used for a) simultaneous near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) and scalp electro-encephalography (EEG) for noninvasive monitoring and b) intracerebral EEG (icEEG) for invasive monitoring. Bluetooth and dual radio links were introduced for these recordings. The Bluetooth-based device was embedded in a noninvasive multichannel EEG-NIRS system for easy portability and long-term monitoring. On the other hand, the 32-channel implantable recording device offers 24-bit resolution, tunable features, and a sampling frequency up to 2 kHz per channel. The analog front-end preamplifier presents low input-referred noise of 5 μ VRMS and a signal-to-noise ratio of 112 dB. The communication link is implemented using a dual-band radio frequency transceiver offering a half-duplex 800 kb/s data rate, 16.5 mW power consumption and less than 10(-10) post-correction Bit-Error Rate (BER). The designed system can be accessed and controlled by a computer with a user-friendly graphical interface. The proposed wireless implantable recording device was tested in vitro using real icEEG signals from two patients with refractory epilepsy. The wirelessly recorded signals were compared to the original signals recorded using wired-connection, and measured normalized root-mean square deviation was under 2%.

Wireless electronic nose system for real-time quantitative analysis of gas mixtures using micro-gas sensor array and neuro-fuzzy network

A wireless electronic nose system (WENS) is designed for the real-time quantification of ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and their mixtures. The WENS hardware consists of a microcontroller for obtaining measurement data from a micro-gas sensor array, and an RF transceiver for transmitting the data sets to a master sensor node. Meanwhile, the WENS software analyses the binary gas mixtures using a fuzzy ARTMAP classifier and a fuzzy ART-based concentration estimator with multiplicative drift correction based on reference gases. A virtual instrument is developed in the LabVIEW environment for monitoring the analyzed gas mixtures. The performance of the proposed WENS is also assessed and compared with the minimum and product inference methods. The proposed WENS adopting the weighted inference method produces the best concentration estimations as regards the root mean square error.

37: Comparison of Mass Casualty Incident Triage Acuity Status Accuracy by Traditional Paper Method, Electronic Tag, and Provider PDA Algorithm

To evaluate the accuracy of triage using an embedded algorithm in a wireless electronic system compared to traditional methods of triage.

Development of Wireless Electronic Stethoscope System and Abnormal Cardiac Sound Analysis Method (Sound Characteristic Waveform Analysis)

This paper is concerned with the development of a wireless electric stethoscope system and cardiac sound analytical method for cardiovascular disease diagnosis. This system consists of an electronic stethoscope, data acquiring amplifier/filter circuits, wireless transmitter and receiver modules, and a notebook computer. The cardiac sound acquired by the electronic stethoscope and can be easily transmitted to the computer by wireless transmitter and receiver modules. The input-output characteristics of the electronic stethoscope and wireless modules are investigated in detail. Furthermore, one-DOF analytical model based on the consideration of the eardrum property is proposed for abnormal cardiac sound analysis. With the analytical model the original heart sound signal can be converted to a simple characteristic waveform which fits the behaviors of some cardiovascular diseases. Some case studies using the characteristic waveforms show that the normal sound can be distinguished visually from the abnormal cases such as the mitral regurgitation, aortic incompetence, allorhythmic pulse and so on.