Wire Mesh Reinforcement Research Articles

Effects of Stainless Steel Woven Wire Mesh Reinforcement on the Load-Bearing Capacity of Adhesively Bonded Aluminium Alloy Single-Lap Joints

Effects of Stainless Steel Woven Wire Mesh Reinforcement on the Load-Bearing Capacity of Adhesively Bonded Aluminium Alloy Single-Lap Joints

Influence of manufactured sand, recycled aggregate, reinforcement ratio and wire mesh on the response of reinforced concrete slabs under impact loading

Targeting towards the sustainable goal, the emergence of manufacturing sand (M-sand) and recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) as an alternate for natural aggregates has unfolded new prospects for constructional practices in the world. Therefore, the investigation is focused to study the influence of RCA, M-Sand, Combination of RCA and M-sand, wire mesh and steel reinforcement under impact loading. The reinforced concrete slabs (1 layer @ 25 mm c/c) slabs [S1-S4, S9, S11, S13 and S15] was studied using M-sand (100 %) and recycled coarse aggregate (25 %) with a concrete compressive strength of 40–50 MPa. Also, the flexural reinforcement was varied as 0.23, 0.32 and 0.39 % of the cross-section area. The experimental results were presented in terms of failure pattern, impact force-reaction force, midpoint displacement and energy absorption capacity. It was observed that the spalling of concrete to the conventional slab (S1) whereas, the spalling of concrete as well as formation of radial cracks were observed on slab with RCA (S2). It was also observed that the severe spalling with formation of radial cracks in the slab with M-sand and RCA (S4), however the impactor did not perforate. The peak impact force on control slab, S1, S2, S3 and S4 was 145, 187, 122 and 167 kN, respectively. The significant increase in peak impact force in S2 is due to the use of micro silica fume treatment which enhanced the mechanical properties of RCA. The peak impact force in slab S3 by M-sand found reduced by 15 %, whereas the same was found increased by 15 % in case of slab S4 by RCA and M-sand, as compared to S1. The maximum crack width in slab S15 was limited to 1–2 mm whereas same was found to be 9–10 mm in case of slab S13. The use of wire mesh found to enhance the global bending deformations as well as crack width in the slab. It is concluded that the utilization of wire mesh along with steel reinforcement proves to be an effective method to diminish the permanent deformation. Further, finite element software ABAQUS was used to model the slab under impact loading and the results were compared with the experimental results. The predicted peak impact force of slab S1 was found to be good agreement with the experimental results. However, the predicted peak impact force on slab S2-S4 found to have maximum deviation 11 % as compared to experimental results.

PENGARUH SERAT BAMBU TERHADAP KAPASITAS LENTUR PELAT BETON CAMPURAN STYROFOAM DEGAN PERKUATAN TULANGAN WIREMESH

Lightweight concrete is a concrete technology innovation that is currently developing. The advantage of lightweight concrete is that it uses less time and costs compared to concrete in general but has the disadvantage of lower strength. This research aims to determine the effect of adding bamboo fiber on the flexural capacity of lightweight concrete slabs mixed with Styrofoam. The lightweight concrete mixture used is Styrofoam at 50% of the weight of the mixed aggregate. Variations in adding bamboo fiber with a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 40 mm are 0% and 0.5% of the cement weight. The test object consists of a lightweight concrete plate measuring 50 cm x 150 cm x 8 cm with wire mesh reinforcement with a diameter of 8 mm. Tests were carried out when the concrete was 28 days old by applying an even load gradually until the slab collapsed. From the test results, at a loading of 300 kg, the average deflection value for lightweight concrete slabs with reinforcement reinforcement with 0% bamboo fiber was 1.18 mm and for lightweight concrete slabs with 0.5% bamboo fiber was 1.57 mm. Lightweight concrete slabs mixed with bamboo fiber have a greater deflection than lightweight concrete slabs without a mix of bamboo fiber. This shows that the addition of bamboo fiber to lightweight concrete slabs does not increase the flexural capacity of the slab. The difference between theoretical calculations and testing is due to the theoretical calculation formula used in this research not taking into account the content and properties of Styrofoam in the plates. The two variations of concrete slabs used in the test did not experience any cracks and met the maximum allowable deflection requirements at loads reaching 300 kg.

Analytical Solution for the Ultimate Compression Capacity of Unbonded Steel-Mesh-Reinforced Rubber Bearings

Unbonded steel-mesh-reinforced rubber bearings (USRBs) have been proposed as an alternative isolation bearing for small-to-medium-span highway bridges. It replaces the steel plate reinforcement of common unbonded laminated rubber bearings (ULNR) with special steel wire meshes, resulting in improved lateral properties and seismic performance. However, the impact of this novel steel wire mesh reinforcement on the ultimate compression capacity of USRB has not been studied. To this end, theoretical and experimental analysis of the ultimate compression capacity of USRBs were carried out. The closed-form analytical solution of the ultimate compression capacity of USRBs was derived from a simplified USRB model employing elasticity theory. A parametric study was conducted considering the geometric and material properties. Ultimate compression tests were conducted on 19 USRB specimens to further calibrate the analytical solution, considering the influence of the number of reinforcement layers. An efficient solution for USRBs’ ultimate compression capacity was obtained via multilinear regression of the calibrated analytical results. The efficient solution can simplify the estimation of USRBs’ ultimate compression capacity while maintaining the same accuracy as the calibrated solution. Based on the efficient solution, the design process of a USRB with a specific ultimate compression capacity was illustrated.

Experimental and statistical investigation on structural feasibility of admixture based foam concrete with hexagonal wire mesh reinforcement

Foam concrete is an emerging construction material with reduced self-weight, high workability and improved thermal resistance. Deployment of this foam concrete for structural applications has not drawn keen attention of the research community. This study reports an investigation on the viability of using admixtures like, crumb rubber, silica fume and polypropylene fiber in foam concrete, reinforced with hexagonal wire mesh for enhanced strength and energy absorption. Taguchi's experiment design methodology was applied for assessment of the optimal mix of foam concrete with admixtures. Mixtures with three factors, namely silica fume, polypropylene fiber (PP fiber), and crumb rubber were developed in an L9 orthogonal array. Compressive and flexural strength parameters were used to establish the best possible mix proportions for maximum strength. Tests were conducted on hexagonal wire mesh (chicken mesh) kept in horizontal, vertical and horizontal with stirrup arrangements and the results were compared with control mix and the selected optimized mix. In all cases, percentage of steel reinforcement for the total volume of the concrete was kept as 1% by adjusting the layers of mesh provided. Based on the experimental results, crack and deflection patterns were analyzed and compared with the control specimen. The test results demonstrated enhanced strength and ductility of the foam concrete, buttressed by hexagonal wire steel mesh, as compared to control specimens. Besides, the reinforcement in the horizontal alignment with admixtures provided better strength and ductility with an enhancement of 130 % in flexural strength and a ductility index of 3.88 compared to control. Prognosis of the study advocated the propriety of using foam concrete as a structural member in construction.

Investigation of Metal Wire Mesh as Support Material for Dieless Forming of Woven Reinforcement Textiles

Within the rapidly growing market for fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs), conventional production processes involving molds are not cost-efficient for prototype and small series production. Therefore, new flexible forming techniques are increasingly being researched, many of which have been inspired by incremental sheet metal forming (ISF). Due to the different deformation mechanisms of woven reinforcement fibers and metal sheets, ISF is not directly applicable to FRP. Instead, shear and bending of the fibers need to be realized. Therefore, a new dieless forming process for the production of FRP supported by metal wire mesh as an auxiliary material is proposed. Two standard tools, such as hemispherical punches, are used to locally bend a reversible layup of metal wire mesh and woven reinforcement fiber fabric enclosed in a vacuum bag. Therefore, the mesh aids in introducing shear into the material due to its ability to transmit compressive in-plane forces, and it ensures that the otherwise flexible fabric maintains the intended deformation until the part is cured or solidified. Basic experiments are conducted using thermoset prepreg, woven commingled yarn fabric, and thermoplastic organo sheets, proving the feasibility of the approach.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIRECT WASTE USING SOFTWARE CUTTING OPTIMIZATION PRO AND THE COST OF USING CONVENTIONAL REINFORCEMENT AND WIREMESH IN FLOOR SLAB WORK. (CASE STUDY: OFFICE AND DEPOT CONSTRUCTION PROJECT OF PT. GUDANG GARAM)

Rebar is one of the main materials in a building. The material has been widely innovated by product providers. In addition to using conventional reinforcement on the floor slab, it is now possible to replace the reinforcement with wire mesh reinforcement. Because material costs are a very large cost in construction projects, it is necessary to do proper material planning. This final project will compare the two reinforcements with the aim that project implementers can plan materials appropriately so that it is expected to minimize the huge cost expenditure. In this final project, the reinforcement in the floor slab work will be reviewed in terms of direct waste reinforcement which will be assisted by software cutting optimization pro and reinforcement costs using the AHSP stipulated by Permen PUPR No.1 of 2022. After various stages are carried out, a comparison of the direct waste level, direct waste cost, and cost of the two reinforcements will be obtained. A Comparison of the three reviews found that wire mesh reinforcement is more efficient than using conventional reinforcement.

Experimental Study on the Ferrocement Panels

Abstract: An improved qualitative arrangement of wire mesh which is thought to reflect more realistically the behavior of ferrocement in flexure is arranged. The presence of wire mesh reinforcement in ferrocement improves bending strength and crack resistance. The objective of the study is to investigate the behavior of material reinforced with varying mesh layers and orientations and to evelove its material properties. Tension tests were also carried out on meshes. Bending tests is to be conducted for specimen under two point loading. The effects of the varying reinforcement arrangements would replicates its response on strength and bending characteristics of ferrocement characteristics under tension and simple bending which to be studied experimentally, and those results also will be discussed in the paper

DIC assessment of foundation soil response for different reinforcement between base and soft subgrade layer – Physical modeling

This paper presents insights from small-scale model tests on statically loaded strip footing on dense base sand supported by a single reinforcement layer. The selected reinforcement includes various lengths of wire mesh and a non-woven geotextile placed on soft subgrade sand. The influence of these inclusions on base and subgrade response (deformations and failure mechanism) is evaluated from the displacement pattern obtained by the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The benefits of the reinforcement and geotextile were assessed by comparing the results obtained for the improved and unreinforced soil model. Additionally, the confining effect of the reinforcement was experimentally analyzed by comparing the sand displacements around the wire mesh reinforcement with different aperture geometry and geotextile without apertures. These systematically selected reinforcement geometries enabled the investigation of the aperture size influence on base and subgrade behavior during surcharge loading. Results confirm the contribution of reinforcement inclusions to the improved behavior of base and subgrade layers compared to the unreinforced soil. The test results with different reinforcement confirm the influence of the aperture geometry on the model response during the surcharge load application. Compared to large apertures, enhanced confining and membrane actions were obtained for reinforcement with relatively small apertures.

Recycling Unrecycled Plastic and Composite Wastes as Concrete Reinforcement

The land disposal of waste material is a major environmental threat, and recycling efforts must be exponentially improved to mitigate it. In this paper, a feasibility study was conducted to reinforce concrete with waste materials that are not typically recycled. Compression testing was performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the concrete specimens. The results were compared with a conventional wire mesh reinforcement used in concrete. Alternative reinforcements that are typically disposed of in landfill were used, namely, plastic regrind, carbon fiber scraps, tempered glass, coarse aggregates, and wire mesh. For each reinforcement type, four specimens were manufactured to evaluate the consistency of the results. Cylindrical specimens with ASME standard dimensions of 10.16 cm × 20.32 cm were tested using a Tinius-Olsen compression testing machine after seven days of curing. A constant strain rate of 0.25 MPa/s was applied until a load drop of 30% was detected. The results show that, while the recycled reinforcements had lower compressive strengths than the wire mesh, they maintained a load-carrying capacity of more than 80%. A major improvement was observed in terms of the ductility and toughness of the reinforced concretes. The recycled-carbon-fiber-reinforced specimens showed 12% strain at failure, a major improvement in concrete ductility. The findings of this research indicate that such recycled particles and fibers without any post-processing can be used in the reinforcement of concrete, with a significant improvement in ductility.

First report of “wire mesh reinforcement” in avian nest construction

Debris accumulation in natural ecosystems is one of several anthropogenic stressors exerting pressure on ecosystems all around the world. Effects of the ubiquitous anthropogenic debris pollution on free-living organisms is well known. Increasing reports of anthropogenic debris in nests of several species of birds ranging from terrestrial to seabirds are pouring in year after year. Shortage of natural nesting materials coupled with abundance of anthropogenic debris have been suggested the rationale behind the change in the nest building. Synthetic materials incorporated in nests can harm the occupants and negatively impact nesting and fledging success. As of late, majority of these studies are centred on plastic debris in bird nests. Here we present, a report of nest incorporation of metallic wire mesh in avian nests. 24 nests of Little egrets and 9 nests of Indian pond herons, totalling 33 nests in a heronry in India contained welded wire mesh. Though metal strips and wires in bird nests have been reported earlier, this could be the first report of inclusion of wire mesh in bird nests.

Simulation of wire mesh bearing capacity using the distinct element method (DEM)

The response of wire mesh sheets anchored with rock bolts to excavation surfaces has been investigated using the distinct-element method (DEM). Wire mesh reinforcement is a common practice both in mining and civil underground structures, providing passive support in case of unstable blocks. When the mesh is not embedded in a sprayed concrete layer, its design is usually performed based on statistical analyses of laboratory test results according to Eurocode. A laboratory-based approach can result in technical and economical limitations, especially when studying non-conventional or accidental design scenarios such as asymmetric loading or failure of the anchoring rock bolts. The simulation of the loading of a sheet of wire mesh has been performed with 3D-DEM software (PFC3D, Itasca) by discretizing the wire elements as connected particles which can simulate the progressive failure mechanism of the wire mesh observed in laboratory tests. The strength and deformability of the wire elements were calibrated to replicate laboratory results. Based on a limited amount of laboratory test data required for calibration, the investigated approach can complement laboratory results by providing an estimation of the expected strength and strain of the wire mesh reinforcement system under various loading scenarios.

Research on Structural Performance of Hybrid Ferro Fiber Reinforced Concrete Slabs.

Reinforced concrete structures, particularly in cold areas, experience early deterioration due to steel corrosion. Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is an emerging construction material and cost-effective substitute for conventional concrete to enhance the durability and resistance against crack development. This article examines the structural performance of hybrid ferro fiber reinforced concrete slabs (mix ratio of mortar 1:2) comprising silica fume, layers of spot-welded mesh and different ratios of polypropylene fibers. The ferrocement slabs are compared with a conventional Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) slab (mix ratio of 1:2:4). The experimental work comprised a total of 13 one-way slabs, one control specimen and three groups of ferrocement slabs divided based on different percentages of Poly Propylene Fibers (PPF) corresponding to 0.10%, 0.30% and 0.50% dosage in each group. Furthermore, in each group, the percentage of steel ratio in ferrocement slabs varied between 25% and 100% of the steel area in the reinforced concrete control slab specimen. For evaluating the structural performance, the observation of deflection, stress-strain behavior, cracking load and energy absorption are critical parameters assessed using LVDTs and strain gauges. At the same time, the slabs were tested in flexure mode with third point loading. The experimental results showed that the first cracking load and ultimate deflection for fibrous specimens with 0.5% fiber and 10% silica fume increased by 15.25% and 13.2% compared with the reference RCC control slab. Therefore, by increasing the percentage of PPF and steel wire mesh reinforcement in the ferrocement slab, the post-cracking behavior in terms of deflection properties and energy absorption capacity was substantially enhanced compared to the RCC control slab.

Analisa Perkerasan Kaku (Rigid Pavement) pada Ruas Jalan Simpang Pudak – Suak Kandis Kabupaten Muaro Jambi

The Simpang Pudak road section is a district road that connects Muaro Jambi with Jambi City. This road section is a link to the economic, social and cultural sectors of Muaro Jambi Regency and Jambi City, so that there are also factory vehicles crossing the Simpang Pudak road section, dominated by small and large trucks transporting economic products and other agricultural products. The condition of the Simpang Pudak Road is a flexible pavement that has destroyed its surface to the foundation layer below it. he purpose of this study is to analyze rigid pavement using the 1993 AASHTO method. Planning with a road length of 312.9 m and a width of 7 meters, with a subgrade CBR of 7.3%, with a W18 value in a year of 455,664,051. In this study, the ESAL value in 30 years was 24,814,115,134 ESAL, with a concrete slab thickness of 27.2 cm. With a continuous type of pavement connection with reinforcement with a plate length of 5.5 meters, M10–150 mm wiremesh reinforcement is installed. As well as installed Tie Bar reinforcement 16 mm with a length of 700 mm and a distance of 750 mm. As well as 32 mm Dowel reinforcement with a length of 450 mm and a distance of 300 mm.

Penerapan Value Engineering Pekerjaan Balok, Kolom Dan Pelat Lantai (Studi Kasus: Gedung Perpustakaan Daerah Kabupaten Bengkalis)

Cost construction must be planned efficiently and optimally. Value Engineering is planned approach with the aim of identifying and streamlining unnecessary costs with functional limitations and work quality (Firda, 2018). In reality, structural work using concrete estimated to over design, overcost (Apriani, 2020). This research was Bengkalis Public Library project. This building consists of 3 floors with an area of 2250 m2. The structure of beams, columns and slabs reinforced concrete. Dimensions of column 40x40 cm, main beam dimensions 40x60 cm, joist beam dimensions 25x40 cm, roof beam dimensions 30x50 cm, and slabs 15 cm with D10-100. Cost of reinforced concrete Rp. 4.297.170.000,00. In value engineering, the conversion of reinforced concrete to profile steel, cost of profile steel Rp. 4.089.619.000,00. it is obtained that the column uses WF 250.250.11.11, WF 400.200.7.11 main beam, WF 200.150.6.9 joist beam and WF 250.125.6.9 roof beam and floor slabs are converted to flourdack plate using 0.75 thickness bondack mm with wiremesh reinforcement M10-150. Cost ratio reinforced concrete and steel profiles is Rp. 207,551,000, -. Steel profiles is 5.075% cheaper than reinforced concrete structures.

Effect of Design Parameters on the Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete Sandwich Beams

Sandwich beams are preferable for aerostructure and marine structures due to their high mechanical strength, durability, stiffness, and fatigue resistance. This paper presents a study on the flexural behavior of sandwich beams made of self-compacting concrete comprising a polystyrene inner core with wire mesh reinforcement. The effect of the design parameters such as the inner core area, percentage of tension reinforcement, and wire mesh on the moment carrying capacity and failure modes of sandwich beams was analyzed. Ten beams were cast and tested to failure with simply supported end conditions and they were classified into three different groups. The longitudinal section of the inner core area was varied by 0% (control beam), 25%, 50%, and 75% of the gross area. The tension reinforcement ratio varied between 0.6 and 1.5%. In addition, the effect of the wire mesh in shear and flexural resistance was studied. The load-carrying capacity of sandwich beams increased with flexural reinforcement. In addition, the welded wire mesh improved the sandwich beams’ flexural and shear performance. The conventional expressions for the moment of resistance were valid for sandwich beams, whereas the shear strength expressions overestimated the capacity; therefore, modifications were suggested. The refined models had a significant agreement with the experimental results.

Experimental Testing Comparison between Wiremesh Reinforcement and Plain Reinforcement on Concrete Slabs

Experimental Testing Comparison between Wiremesh Reinforcement and Plain Reinforcement on Concrete Slabs

A Novel Shear Strengthening of Existing RC Shear Walls Using Steel Wire Mesh and Polymer Mortar

A new type of strengthening technique for existing reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls was proposed using steel wire mesh (SWM) and polymer mortar. The experimental campaign consists of testing one conventional RC shear wall specimen and four specimens strengthened using different configurations of steel wire mesh ratios and wrapping methods under cyclic lateral loading. The experimental results showed that the application of steel wire meshes and polymer mortar not only delayed the shear cracks formation but also effectively controlled the crack propagation. The average increase in cracking load of strengthened specimens was about 79%. The lateral load-carrying capacity of the strengthened specimens increased (about 55%) with the increase in the considered steel wire mesh reinforcement ratio compared to the control specimen. Wrapping of steel wire meshes around the shear wall surface prevented debonding of polymer mortar layers, and enhanced the performance compared to wrapping only on exposed surfaces. A theoretical expression to estimate the capacity of the strengthened shear walls was proposed based on the softened strut-and-tie model. The proposed expression fairly predicted the capacity of the strengthened specimens for the present and previous study.

G-UHPC slabs strengthened with high toughness and lightweight energy absorption materials under contact explosions

This study investigates the dynamic characteristics of geopolymer-based ultra-high performance concrete (G-UHPC) slabs strengthened with high toughness and lightweight energy absorption materials under the 1 kg TNT contact explosions. A total of four slabs were tested, including plain G-UHPC slab (G-UHPC-P), 20-layer basalt textile reinforced G-UHPC slab (G-UHPC-BFM), 20-layer steel wire mesh reinforced G-UHPC slab (G-UHPC-SWM) and 1.5 vol-% steel fibre reinforced G-UHPC slab with polyurethane coating (G-UHPC–SF–PU). The test results revealed that the steel wire mesh reinforcement was more effective in resisting contact explosions than the basalt textile reinforcement for G-UHPC. The polyurethane coating on the rear face of the slab exhibited its high tensile strength and deformability to absorb the blast-induced energy so as to enhance the anti-explosion performance of the slab, and additionally prevented the splash of slab fragments upon contact explosions to minimise secondary hazards. Based on the multi-material arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) algorithm, local damage of G-UHPC-SWM and G-UHPC–SF–PU induced by contact explosions was reproduced using the explicit finite element software LS-DYNA. Fair agreement between the numerical and test results demonstrated that the numerical model could simulate the response of G-UHPC-SWM and G-UHPC–SF–PU with reasonable accuracy. Extensive numerical studies by varying polyurethane strain rate, coating thickness and the bonding between the polyurethane coating and the slab were further performed to analyse their effect on the maximum bulge depth of the polyurethane coating subjected to contact explosions.

Strength of SIFCON- Ferrocement One-Way Ribbed Slabs Contain Steel Fibers

Slurry infiltrated fiber concrete” composites (SIFCON) are a novel type of concrete with improved strength, ductility, and crack resistance. In this study, infiltrating fibers (SIFCON) were used to reinforce of specimens of ferrocement one way ribbed slabs. The laboratory work consists of cast and testing of eight specimens with dimensions of 750 mm in length, 500 mm in width and 50 mm in depth. These samples have the same wire mesh reinforcement and the same shape as the ferrocement slabs. Two reference ferrocement slab without ribs contains SIFCON and six ferrocement slabs with ribs contains SIFCON. The variables were the volumetric ratio of fibers in the ribs, which were (2, 4 and 6)% and type of steel fiber (hook-end and hybrid fiber). Hybrid fibers contain two type of steel fiber (hook-end and micro steel fiber) with equal ratio. All samples were tested under line load up to failure with mid deflections for each test with simple supported. The results of the test showed that the presence of steel fibers in the ferrocement ribs, for both types of steel fibers, improves the resistance to the final loads and the ability to reduce deflection and increases the ductility and stiffness significantly.