Wine-making Products Research Articles

Wine fermentation process evaluation through NMR analysis: Polysaccharides, ethanol quantification and biological activity

Winemaking production is old knowledge of the combination of saccharification and fermentation processes. During the fermentation process, ethanol concentration is one of the main key parameters that provides the quality of wine and is linked to the consumption of carbohydrates present in wine. In this work was determined the better fermentation time, where the wine retains its highest concentration of ethanol and a higher concentration of the polysaccharides of Bordo wine of Vitis labrusca by 1D and 2D NMR measurements. The study provides information on the polysaccharide content for improving features and quality control of winemaking. Moreover, following previous studies by our group (de Lacerda Bezerra et al., 2018, de Lacerda Bezerra, Caillot, de Oliveira, Santana-Filho, & Sassaki, 2019; Stipp et al., 2023) showed that the soluble polysaccharides also inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and mediator (NO) in macrophage cells stimulated with LPS, bringing some important health benefits of wine.

The carbon footprint balance of a real-case wine fermentation CO2 capture and utilization strategy

The wine industry is extremely vulnerable to climate change given the impact of temperature, water or soil conditions on wine production. Transformation strategies toward more sustainable models would help the industry to overcome the weak points. The present study evaluates the environmental impact of the so-called CO2-alcoholic fermentation processes (CO2-AFP) strategy, a recently developed eco-innovative strategy, which offers a new pathway toward a greener wine-making production with a 16.79% reduction of the carbon footprint considering scopes 1 (direct emissions), 2 (emissions generated directly in the production of electricity), and 3 (indirect emissions embodied in the organization's value chain). This strategy is based on a novel Carbon Dioxide Utilization approach from a biogenic CO2 released by fermentation processes to produce a fully marketable and environmentally friendly chemical product at a global level, i.e., sodium carbonate.This paper presents the strategy development corresponding to a real case: a medium-size winery and distillery in Spain, where the “CO2-AFP Strategy” has been successfully tested and scaled-up. Detailed and tested carbon capture and utilization schemes are used to evaluate the overall carbon footprint balance (carbon calculation, capture potential, and carbon balance) via an improved hybrid multiregional input-output-lifecycle assessment model (MRIO-LCA). The benefits go beyond the reduction of carbon footprint in the fermentation industry. The application of the “CO2-AFP Strategy” implies a revolution, in terms of Circular Economy, in the sodium carbonate industry, as the symbiotic process between the different stages of the value chain will allow downstream carbon footprint reductions, facilitating a greener sodium carbonate production.

Unified analytical algorithm for identification of component composition of winemaking products

The article discusses a unified analytical algorithm for identification of component composition of winemaking products, established in the new national standard GOST R 59570-2021 «Winemaking products. Identification of component in terms of determination of the origin of ethanol and other compounds of physical-chemical composition». The standard provides modern scientific data on winemaking products, as well as data on natural, agrotechnical and technological factors that can impact the component composition of products to interpret the results of analytical evaluations. The article provides practical examples of use of analytical methods established in the standard for the study of winemaking products produced in Russia, Kazakhstan, Armenia and foreign countries.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЕ КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРИЗНАКОВ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ КЛОНОВ СОРТА МУСКАТ БЕЛЫЙ

The results of studying of agrobiological and technological features of promising clones of the Muscat beliy variety in the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea are presented. The numerical values of the main agrobiological characteristics of the variety and clones of the Muscat Beliy grapevine variety, as well as the main physicochemical indicators of grapes and wine materials obtained from them, have been established. The organoleptic characteristics of wine materials from clones of the Muscat Beliy variety, harvest 2019 and 2020, were studied and summarized. The expediency of introduc-ing the isolated clones of the Muscat Beliy va-riety into the wine-making production of the Southern Coast of Crimea has been substanti-ated.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ КЛОНОВ СОРТА СЕРСИАЛЬ

The results of studying of agrobiological and technological features of promising clones of the Sersial variety in the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea are presented. The numerical values of the main agrobiological characteristics of the variety and clones of the Sersial grape va-riety, as well as the main physical and chemical indicators of grapes and wines obtained from them, have been established. The organoleptic characteristics of wine materials from clones of the Sersial variety of the harvest of 2020 were studied and summarized. The expediency of in-troducing the selected clones of the Sersial varie-ty into the wine-making production of the Southern Coast of Crimea has been substantiat-ed.

ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬСКИЕ ПРЕДПОЧТЕНИЯ, КАК ОСНОВА СОЗДАНИЯ БРЕНД-ПОЗИЦИИ ВИНОДЕЛЬЧЕСКОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ

The relevance of the article lies in focusing on the positioning factors when creating an attractive wine brand for the target audience. In other words, the creation of a more advantageous brand position of a product and / or product line in comparison with competitors’ products based on research on consumer preferences, perceptions and cultural and behavioral characteristics. To achieve the goal of the article, the genesis of the terms was revealed — brand, branding and positioning; the concept of «brand position» was proposed for use in marketing of consumer goods, the needs for wine-making products at all levels of the pyramid of A. Maslou are considered; a marketing research of consumer preferences of the target audience was carried out. The study revealed that in the global competitive market for mass production, communications and distribution, the brand of a product becomes a powerful tool that creates additional value and stability for products and firms.

Разработка рефрактоденсиметрического метода определения содержания этилового спирта и общего экстракта вин на ЭВМ

The work is devoted to the improvement of the methodological foundations of the refractodensimetric method of analysis as applied to liquid alcohol-containing products of grape winemaking. The regularities of changes in density and specific refraction of ethyl alcohol and substances of the extract of grapes and wine depending on their concentration based on the processing of the data of measuring the refractive index and density of various alcohol-containing products of winemaking and model solutions based on them, as well as based on the analysis of data from official densimetric and refractometric tables to determine the concentration of aqueous solutions of ethyl alcohol and total extract of the must, has been determined. The improved mathematical model of an alcoholic drink is proposed, which adequately describes the dependence of the refractive index and density of the drink on the content of ethyl alcohol and extract, based on the use of the additivity property of the specific refraction and the mass of the components of its constituents. On the basis of the proposed mathematical model of the drink, an algorithm has been developed for determining the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol and the mass concentration of the total extract for winemaking products, based on measuring the density and refractive index as the basis for the method for determining the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol and the mass concentration of the total extract. Preliminary metrological certification of the method for determining the mass concentration of the total extract and the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol in alcohol-containing products of grape winemaking has been carried out. The results of the work can be the basis for the development of a non-destructive express method for determining the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol and the mass concentration of the total extract based on the standard equipment of the laboratory of wineries, as well as the development of technical specifications for the manufacture of a portable device for determining the concentration of alcohol and extract based on the simultaneous measurement of the refractive index and density of liquid media.

СПОСОБ СОХРАНЕНИЯ ПИЩЕВОЙ ЦЕННОСТИ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ВИНОГРАДОВИНОДЕЛЬЧЕСКОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ

СПОСОБ СОХРАНЕНИЯ ПИЩЕВОЙ ЦЕННОСТИ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ВИНОГРАДОВИНОДЕЛЬЧЕСКОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ

НЕРАЗРУШАЮЩИЙ ЭКСПРЕСС-МЕТОД ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ОБЪЕМНОЙ ДОЛИ ЭТИЛОВОГО СПИРТА В ПРОДУКТАХ ВИНОДЕЛИЯ

НЕРАЗРУШАЮЩИЙ ЭКСПРЕСС-МЕТОД ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ОБЪЕМНОЙ ДОЛИ ЭТИЛОВОГО СПИРТА В ПРОДУКТАХ ВИНОДЕЛИЯ

CONCEPT OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY CLUSTER ON PROCESSING OF SECONDARY RAW OF WINE FOOD IN UKRAINE AND MOLDOVA. PROBLEMS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

Topicality. Secondary raw materials of winemaking are a rich source of biologically active compounds, which makes it possible to use it for the production of a wide range of products of high value for various industries: food, pharmaceutical, perfume and cosmetic, chemical, etc. However, currently in Ukraine and in Moldova there are no specialized enterprises for the integrated processing of secondary raw materials of winemaking. In the vast majority of cases, in particular, crests and squeezes are uncontrolledly exported to agricultural lands without special treatment, which leads to acid soil erosion and environmental pollution by metabolites of micromycetes. At the present stage of technological development there is a wide range of innovative developments in the field of recycling of secondary bio-materials, in particular grape excrements, in order to obtain biologically valuable components. The main task in this direction is to create an organizational and economic mechanism that will unite the interests of winemaking enterprises (owners of secondary raw materials), processing enterprises (producers of secondary products of winemaking), representatives of local authorities and potential consumers of innovative products. A cluster ideology may be an effective tool for consolidating the interests of stakeholders in this direction. Aim and tasks. Development of the concept, formation and functioning of the cross-border cluster on the processing of secondary raw materials of winemaking, the core of which is the innovation-investment center, which provides cooperation of science, business and administrative resources, allows to provide non-waste technologies and use innovative solutions. In the process of recycling of secondary raw materials of winemaking in Ukraine and Moldova (about 100 thousand tons) is the possibility of obtaining more than 50 secondary winemaking products, which are in high demand in various sectors of the economy. The main objectives of this study are: ensuring sustainable development and the principles of the "green economy" in the development of viticulture and winemaking in Ukraine and Moldova; creation of high value-added biologically valuable products; obtaining social and synergistic effect in the process of forming a cluster. Research results. A systematic approach to the complex processing of grapes on the basis of cluster ideology is proposed. The proposed architecture of the cluster as managerial innovation in the subregional, regional, national and transboundary context allows us to form the poles of economic growth by consolidating and converting different types of capital: human, social, productive, natural, financial and intellectual to obtain additional economic benefits. The developed concept shows that sustained efficiency is achieved, first and foremost, enterprises are able to combine efforts and capital. Conclusions. The analysis of technology of processing of grapes on wine materials in Ukraine and Moldova is carried out. The following is the list of the most promising products obtained from secondary raw materials of winemaking. The concept of creating a cross-border cluster for the processing of secondary raw materials of winemaking, which is based on the principles of the green economy.

Development trends of the global and Ukrainian wine products market in modern conditions

The tendencies of the world and Ukrainian market of wine-making products development in modern conditions of increasing its consumption and competition from new wine-making countries are investigated in the article on the basis of a critical review and analysis of literary sources. The author examines the major wine producers export and revealed, that the world leaders in wine exports are France, Italy, Spain, Germany and Portugal. The main world wine importers are considered and revealed, that the world’s leading of grape wines producers are the USA and Germany. Viticulture and winemaking have always been important types of economic activity in Ukraine as a whole, and, in particular, in Odessa region, which accounts for more than 30% of the total production of grape wines of the country. That is why the author investigates the dynamics of the gross collection, the area and productivity of vineyards in Ukraine and Odessa region, the volume of grape processing on wine materials by regions, the production of wine materials by regions of Ukraine. The authors highlighted some challenges of the wine market, such as: a decline in grape yields; lack of funding of the wine complex; inadequate care of plantation; high costs of material and technical resources; excessive thinning of plantation. The main directions of the problem solutions in the wine sector are proposed: to make arrangements for wine market capacity increment taking into consideration the needs of population, their buying capacity and maximal export potential; implementation of measures for infrastructure development of wine market, regulation of supplies and demands, market protection from the import of wine and raw materials of low quality. It has been established that for the Ukrainian economy at the present stage of development, the most important task is to increase the efficiency of export opportunities for wine products, because it is of high quality and has high international competitiveness, which has been confirmed by domestic and foreign experts and consumers.

Assessing the Educational Needs of the Pennsylvania Wine Industry

We surveyed Pennsylvania winemakers and winery owners to determine their skill levels, the varieties and styles of wines they produce, their wine-making production challenges, and best practices for addressing educational needs through Extension programs. Growing and sourcing high-quality fruit were identified as key challenges. Although most participants obtained production information from other industry members and preferred face-to-face workshops to further their education, response to a Penn State Extension Enology blog site, developed to address industry challenges and extend our educational reach, has been extremely positive.

INTEGRATED MARKETING ADMINISTRATION AS A NEW HOLISTIC CONCEPT OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF WINEMAKING ENTERPRISES

The sectoral structural model of adjacent markets of the wine industry is considered. System imbalance was detected at all levels of vertical integration. It is proved that the regulatory influence on the development of viticulture and winemaking should be focused on the conditions and behavior of the industry and directly or indirectly affect the efficiency of their business processes. It is important to consider integration processes that reflect the levels and the nature of the interaction of market mechanisms of self-regulation and regulatory influences on the part of the state. The main tendencies and problems of development of domestic viticulture and winemaking are highlighted. Trends in winemaking are the reduction of the vineyard area, the imbalance in the varietal composition of the vineyards, which significantly reduces the production potential of domestic winemaking and reflects on the quality and competitiveness of domestic winemaking products. The promotion of winemaking products in the domestic market is slow. Attempts to enter the domestic wine on the foreign market are more spontaneous than a meaningful planned character. The solution of these problems lies within two interconnected areas: on the one hand, the improvement of product quality by the introduction of innovative technologies under continuous scientific support, and, on the other hand, the adaptation of the scientific and experimental process to the needs of a market economy by the transition to an innovative development model. The importance of formation of the market of wine-making products, its balancing with the market of viticulture with the use of marketing tools for managing the effective development of enterprises of the wine-making industry is proved. The essence and possible directions of implementation of the integrated marketing management as the latest holistic conception for activation of innovative development of winemaking enterprises of Ukraine are substantiated. Integrated marketing management (implementation of planned, regulated, coordinated impact on the consumer) is the basis for balancing demand-supply, regulation of export-import activity, innovation development of the industry. Such an approach enables to reconcile long-term industrial goals of development, to determine the current tasks, to make informed management decisions. The concept of holistic marketing focuses on ensuring a balance of interests of all market participants, increasing the competitiveness of the food sector of the economy, developing its resource and investment opportunities, and also provides the necessary feedback to consumers in the regional food market. Taking into account the vertically integrated interaction of adjacent markets in the field of viticulture and winemaking, the holistic concept should include blocks, according to the levels of marketing management, taking into account both horizontal and vertical (raw) integration: international, macromarketing (state / regional), mesomarketing (sectoral - integration of adjacent markets), micro-marketing.

Moldova: State and Prospects of Development of Tradeand Economic Cooperation with Russia

In the paper contradictory development of Moldavian-Russian trade and economic cooperation, especially in conditions of the change of Moldova’s geovector from strategic partnership with the RF to European integration is studied. One-sided vector of the RM in favour of European integration finally confirmed by the Moldavian leadership after the signing of the Association agreement with the EU and enforcement of the Free trade zone with the EU (2014) was the principal cause of considerable loss of traditional Russian market. Just cooperation with Russia for many years took the key position in the system of external economic ties of Moldova. In the part “Pro-European transformation of external economic ties and its consequences” the causes of the crash of mutual foreign trade turnover of two countries are analysed. Emphasis is laid on the principal cause of the challenge for trade of the RF with Moldova which stipulated forced policy of the RF aimed at protection of its internal market from re-export of production from Europe. Russia adopted a number of restrictive measures against the RM including actual abolition of the free trade zone, introduction of duties on export of the Moldavian production as well as embargo on import of wines and agricultural production. Besides toughening of the customs regime, the position of the RF on import substitution was extended to Moldova after the West imposed sanctions against Russia. In the part “Priority directions of cooperation of the RM with the RF” special role of partnership with Russia in such important fields for the Moldavian economy as power engineering and wine-making production, in investment cooperation, in the sphere of labour migration is shown. In the concluding part of the article initiatives of publicly elected President of the RM I. Dodon (November 2016) aimed at restoration of former foreign trade ties with Russia and other EAEU countries are considered. In this connection attention is paid to the fact that by agreement of I. Dodon with the Russian President V. Putin (January 2017) the first progress in solution of some problems has appeared. In particular, the RF is ready to cancel restrictions by fito-sanitary norms, in the sphere of labour migration amnesty for the part of Moldavian workers in the RF is proposed. At the same time attention is paid to existing opposition to the initiative of I. Dodon to restore strategic partnership with Russia in conditions of diarchy turned out in the country: president — pro-European parliamentary majority and government.

WINE-GROWING PRODUCTS CHANNEL AND SWOT ANALYSES

The wine-growing and the wine-making channel represent the process of transformation of grapes into must and wine until it reaches the final consumer, with all the activities, endowments and institutions involved. The wine channel is one of the most complex agricultural and alimentary channels because one and the same unity can integrate all the activities: research, obtaining the growing material, wine-making, obtaining the wine, its stabilization and bottling and the distribution to the final consumer. Measures and means of wine-growing connection regulation The coordination of the wine-growing and wine-making channel is based on the institutions and regulations in order to organize the stages of the channel using negotiated measures and instruments, and materialized in a legislative body that becomes obligatory for the entire channel. The systems of the institutions for the regulations of the wine-growing channel are: The Agricultural, Forrest and Rural Development Ministry, The Council for the production of “Grapes, must, wine, wine products and processed products”, The Payment Agency and for Intervention in Agriculture and Rural Development. Institutions with the role of elaboration and implementation of the market policy in the wine-growing and wine-making field, professional organizations of the product: The National Inter-professional Wine- Growing and Wine-Making Organization – Regional Professional Wine-Growing and Wine- Making Organizations, Patronal Organizations – The National Patronate of Wine and Vineyard. The channel Organizations: The State Inspection for the Technical Wine-growing and Wine-making Control – ISCTV, The National Office of the Original Denomination for the Wines and Other Wine-growing and Wine-making Products – ONDOV, The National Office of Grape Vine and Wine – ONVV Institutions for Certification and Control – The Central Lab for Seeds Quality. The activity of the economical agents in the wine-growing and the wine-making channel is considered, generally, as efficient. Of course the negative influences of the macromedium will have an imprint on this channel: the reduced dimensions of the exploitation, the old technologies, lack of information and of the access to different services. The main element of the strategy in the wine sector is the improvement of the image of the Romanian wines so that it would penetrate the extern markets successfully.

Distribution of selected elements as wine origin markers in the wine-making products

The analysis of the trace elements has been shown to be a valuable tool to discriminate wines according to their region of origin. As, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Li, Mg, Rb, Sn, Sr, and V were selected as specific markers indicating the origin of Slovak wines according to the vineyard regions. Several factors, such as the environmental contamination, agricultural practices, climatic changes, and others, may markedly change the multielement composition of the wine and may endanger the relationship between the wine and the soil composition. The effect was studied of the viniculture process on the distribution of selected markers in the winemaking products. The main markers pass from the vineyard soil to the grape, and the main portion leaves the winemaking process in the press cake and yeast lees. Very significant correlation of the wine origin markers was found between changed the wine making products and the vineyard soils. The sugar addition to grape juice to some extent the total element compositions of wines but did not result in substantial changes of the markers determining the wine origin.  

Organic Acids, Sugars, and Glycerol Content in White Winemaking Products Determined by HPLC: Relationship to Climate and Varietal Factors

An ion-exclusion polymeric HPLC method with RI detection was developed for direct separation and quantitation of organic acids (citric, tartaric, malic, succinic, galacturonic, and lactic), sugars (glucose and fructose), and glycerol in white winemaking products. The precision, linearity, sensitivity, and accuracy of the method were satisfactory. This rapid method — without sample preparation — was applied to routine quality control procedures in the winemaking industry: 33 A.O.C. Penedès varietal musts (Macabeo, Xarel.lo, and Parellada) and their white wines from five harvests (1989-1993) were analyzed. The contents of some of these compounds were related to grape variety (galacturonic acid) and/or climate parameters (citric, malic and galacturonic acids, and glycerol). Macabeo wines have high amounts of galacturonic acid than other varietal wines. The must content of malic and citric acids were correlated with weather factors such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, and rain; galacturonic acid and glycerol levels in must were affected by humidity.