Wind Turbine Power System Research Articles

Optimal allocations of wind turbines in power systems via artificial rabbits optimization technique

Optimal allocations of wind turbines in power systems via artificial rabbits optimization technique

Preliminary study of a concept of wind-tidal turbine coupling using functional similarities of real time emulation

Horizontal tidal turbine presents important similarities to the wind turbine power systems. Therefore, it would be useful to exploit this similarity to study this important source of energy. In this paper, a new concept of a hybrid offshore wind tidal power generation systems coupled electromechanically is studied. Furthermore, a 'time virtual' approach is also presented in order to investigate and compare the energy potentials for given tidal and wind sites. Both the new concept of coupling and virtual time method are simulated in Matlab/Simulink and applyied on Real Time Emulator. Obtained results are presented and disscussed.

Application of fractional-order synergetic-proportional integral controller based on PSO algorithm to improve the output power of the wind turbine power system

It is noted that the traditional direct filed-oriented control (DFOC) is widely used in the field of electric power generation from wind due to its fast response dynamic, ease of implementation and simplicity, but this strategy is characterized by the presence of large ripples at the level of both active and reactive powers. This work presents a new algorithm for DFOC strategy of an asynchronous generator (AG) in a wind power (WP) system, which is based on the use of a new nonlinear controller called fractional-order synergetic control–fractional-order proportional-integral (FOSC–FOPI) controller, where the proposed technique parameters are calculated using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) strategy. It has been observed that the DFOC–FOSC–FOPI–PSO strategy is robust and works well in case of changing generator parameters. Three tests were performed to study the behavior of the designed technique under different working conditions, where the behavior of the DFOC–FOSC–FOPI–PSO strategy was compared with the behavior of the traditional DFOC technique in terms of power ripple ratio, overshoot, steady-state error, response time, tracking reference, and current quality. The simulation of the designed technique based on the FOSC–FOPI–PSO strategy of the AG–WP system is carried out using Matlab software, where the simulation results showed that the suggested technique is better than the classical technique (with PI controller) in terms of improving response time of active power (33.33%) and reactive power (10%) in second test, reduction of the steady-state error of reactive power (96.95%) and active power (97.14) in first test, minimization of harmonic distortion of current (96.57%) in third test and significant minimization of ripples of active power (99.67%, 44.69%, and 98.95%) and reactive power (99.25%, 53.65%, and 70.50%) in the three tests. The effectiveness of the DFOC–FOSC–FOPI–PSO strategy is very high, so it can be a reliable solution for controlling various generators.

Modeling and analyzing multi-megawatt directdrive wind-turbine power system in offshore application: Power flow and short circuit

Renewable energy is experiencing a dramatic growth, in which wind energy plays a key role. The design technique of wind turbines must change to meet high requirements for accuracy and auto-ability. A designed wind turbine must be evaluated with various operational scenarios, while the traditional calculation method could be less effective and time-consuming. Recently, the technical calculation and simulation for electrical power system of a wind turbine are rapidly developed and show the high effectivity in analysis and optimal design. This study performs crucial simulations and analyses, including load flow and short circuit, to evaluate the design of a five-megawatt offshore wind turbine according to International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards using Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software. The technique and methodology presented in this paper help engineers make the right decisions regarding equipment selection and design of a wind turbine’s power system. Therefore, the reliability of designed wind turbine power system is improved in comparison with that of the conventionally designed one.

Improved Load Frequency Control in Power Systems Hosting Wind Turbines by an Augmented Fractional Order PID Controller Optimized by the Powerful Owl Search Algorithm

The penetration of intermittent wind turbines in power systems imposes challenges to frequency stability. In this light, a new control method is presented in this paper by proposing a modified fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller. This method focuses on the coordinated control of the load-frequency control (LFC) and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) using a cascaded FOPD–FOPID controller. To improve the performance of the FOPD–FOPID controller, the developed owl search algorithm (DOSA) is used to optimize its parameters. The proposed control method is compared with several other methods, including LFC and SMES based on the robust controller, LFC and SMES based on the Moth swarm algorithm (MSA)–PID controller, LFC based on the MSA–PID controller with SMES, and LFC based on the MSA–PID controller without SMES in four scenarios. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method compared to the other mentioned methods. The proposed method is robust against load disturbances, disturbances caused by wind turbines, and system parameter uncertainties. The method suggested is characterized by its resilience in addressing the challenges posed by load disturbances, disruptions arising from wind turbines, and uncertainties surrounding system parameters.

Stochastic optimization – based economic design for a hybrid sustainable system of wind turbine, combined heat, and power generation, and electric and thermal storages considering uncertainty: A case study of Espoo, Finland

This work-study deals with the economic planning of an island sustainable system that consists of a wind turbine, battery, combined heat and power system, and thermal storage to meet electrical and thermal loads at the same time. The approach attempts to find minimum capital cost, repair and maintenance cost, and operating cost, as well as minimize the pollution of these elements. It is also constrained by the operation-planning model of the mentioned resources and storage, provided that a wind turbine and combined heat and power system have priority in electrical load supply, a combined system of heat and power has priority in thermal load supply, and batteries and storage devices have the task of filling the gap between supply and demand profiles. Uncertainty parameters of the scheme include electrical and thermal load and power output of the wind system. The scheme adopts the unscented transformation method to provide proper modeling of the mentioned uncertainties. Moreover, the essence of the problem is integer nonlinear programming, which uses the combined gray wolf optimization and honey bee mating optimization algorithm to achieve the desired solution. Simultaneous supply of electrical and thermal loads, modeling of uncertainties, and adoption of a combined solver in the proposed scheme are among the contributions. Finally, by implementing this scheme on data from the city of Espoo, Finland, the numerical results indicate a reduction of 10%–11% in the planning cost of the proposed scheme compared to a design that only supplies electricity.

Hybrid sliding neural network controller of a direct driven vertical axis wind turbine

This study aims to propose a robust hybrid sliding mode artificial neural network control (SM-ANN) scheme for controlling the stator power (active/reactive) of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based direct drive vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) power system under a real-world scenario wind speed that will be installed in the Adrar region (Saharan zone) of Algeria. The SM-ANN scheme will control the stator power of the direct drive VAWT power. The chattering phenomenon is the most significant disadvantage associated with sliding mode control (SMC). In order to find a solution to this issue, the artificial neural network (ANN) method was applied to pick the appealing part of the SMC. MATLAB/Simulink is used to do an evaluation, after which the SM-ANN controller being suggested is compared to both traditional sliding mode (SM) and proportional-integral (PI) controllers. The results of the simulation demonstrated that the recommended SM-ANN controller has good performance in terms of enhancing the quality of energy that is delivered to the power network. This is in comparison to the traditional SM and PI controllers, which both have a long history of use. Notwithstanding the fact that there is DFIG parameter fluctuation present.

Performance dynamics improvement of a hybrid wind/fuel cell/battery system for standalone operation

The present study is concerned with improving the dynamics of a hybrid generation system utilized for feeding an isolated load. The system under study consists of a wind-driven synchronous generator with permanent magnet type, a fuel cell stack and a storage battery layout used to enhance the system reliability. A detailed design for all system parts is introduced. A new formulated predictive controller is utilized to enhance the performance of synchronous generator in comparison with traditional controllers. The wind turbine power system is designed and adopted a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy to optimally exploit the captured wind energy. An energy management procedure is also considered to balance the power-sharing between different system units. Extensive performance evaluation analysis is introduced in order to validate the capability of the designed controllers of the generator and fuel cell and check the feasibility of the energy management strategy (EMS) as well. The obtained results approve the capability of the proposed controller with the synchronous generator in achieving better dynamics compared with traditional schemes and confirm the validity of the fuel cell control system in managing the stack power. The results also approve the effectiveness of the designed EMS in preserving a balanced power flow.

Design and Control of Three-Phase Power System with Wind Power Using Unified Power Quality Conditioner

The Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) is one of the Custom Power devices (CP), and it mitigates both load current and supply voltage problems (voltage swells, sags, harmonics, etc.) simultaneously. By using CP, we are getting more familiar with renewable energy’s high penetration on the electrical grid because of its intermittent nature, which causes power flection. We are also using powered electronic devices, and non-linear loads produce harmonics that affect the voltage and current waveform. In this paper, a UPQC will be used with a sensitive load that is connected to a grid (grid–wind turbine) power system. The UPQC will operate under different disturbances such as phase-to-ground fault, non-linear load on the grid side, and non-linear load in parallel with the sensitive load, using pulse-width modulation and hysteresis as switching techniques. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink are used to compare the two pulsing-generating techniques and show that electrical power is continuously fed to the load in all disturbances with total harmonic distortion (THD) less than 5% for voltage and 4.5% for current.

Bivariate active power control of energy storage hydraulic wind turbine

With the increasing proportion of wind turbines in power system, high-precision control of power generation directly affects the proportion of wind turbines connected to the grid. This paper takes the energy storage hydraulic wind turbines (ESHWTs) as the research object, the mathematical model of the hydraulic main transmission system and the hydraulic energy storage subsystem are established, and the energy transmission and control mechanism is obtained. The corresponding relationship between the output power of the hydraulic main drive system and the hydraulic energy storage subsystem and the variable motor speed is analyzed, based on the small signal linearization method, and the power transmission state is obtained with the variable motor speed fluctuation, and a double closed-loop power control strategy is proposed under the motor speed fluctuation, with the power control requirements after grid connection, Based on MATLAB software and 24 kW semi-physical simulation test platform of energy storage hydraulic wind turbine, the output power is accurately controlled and the power output problem is solved under the fluctuation of motor speed with the proposed control strategy.

Multi‐criteria techno‐economic analysis of solar photovoltaic/wind hybrid power systems under temperate continental climate

Climate conditions significantly affect the energy conversion behaviour of solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) power systems. However, the quantified relationship between the systems performance and regional climate data remains unclear. This study aims to reveal the techno-economic performance of renewable power systems under temperate continental climate based on a multi-criteria analysis. Through simulating the systems’ long-term operation by collecting the local meteorological data and equipment costs as inputs, solar photovoltaic/wind hybrid renewable power systems in fourteen representative cities of Xinjiang province were assessed and optimized. The results show that there is an obvious linear correlation between technical and economic indicators and solar radiation or wind speed, and the fitting effects with wind speed are always better. In Xinjiang, photovoltaic systems in almost all cities have satisfactory technical and economic performance, but the wind power systems in most cities are not profitable and even lead to unpleasant investment losses. Sensitivity analysis shows that both climatic conditions and feed-in tariff have a negative impact on the system costs. These findings obtained from this study would provide theoretical support for further rationally enhancing penetration for renewable energy generation in contemporary distribution networks.

Direct Field Orientation Control Based on H∞ Method of Wind Turbine Based on DFIG

This study aims to propose the direct field orientation control based on the H-infinity method (DFOC_ H∞) scheme for controlling the stator power (active/ reactive) of a direct drive vertical axis wind turbine power system based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). the sensitivity to parameters uncertainty of the machine presents the major drawback of the PI controller, in order to cope with this problem; the H-infinity method was used to solve it. The proposed controller H∞ is evaluated with Matlab/Simulink. Simulation results showed that the suggested H∞ controller has a good performance in terms of enhancing the quality of energy provided to the power network. Even in the presence of DFIG parameter variation.

Techno-economic evaluation of electric vehicle charging stations based on hybrid renewable energy in China

The purpose of the study is to investigate the technical and economic feasibility of hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) power systems for environment-friendly electric vehicle (EV) charging stations at five different locations in China. The HOMER Pro 3.14 software using derivative-free algorithm has been used to search for the optimal scheme of the charging stations. The results show that the best solution considering renewable energy charging stations in the five regions is the hybrid PV/WT/battery EV charging station. Furthermore, the PV/WT/battery charging station for Nanjing is the most economical, while the PV/WT/battery charging station in Zhengzhou is the least economical. The hybrid PV/WT/battery EV charging stations in the five regions can meet current requirements. The sensitivity analysis also shows that the greater the load or the number of EVs, the lower the reliability of the charging station. With a certain capacity shortage, the right number of EVs can make the charging station more economical and reliable.

Multi-Timescale Control of Variable-Speed Wind Turbine for Inertia Provision

The increasing deployment of power converters has led to a significant reduction in the power system inertia and consequently resulted in frequency stability issues. To improve the robustness of the grid against frequency disturbances, it is becoming more expected in many countries that renewable energy generation, such as wind turbine power systems, should provide equivalent inertia support to the power system. This can be achieved through advanced control of power converters, in addition to adding extra energy storage devices, e.g., batteries. In wind turbine systems, although the ancillary service of inertia provision can be realized by coupling the rotor speed with the grid frequency, the rotor speed recovery process affects the inertia response if the controller is not properly designed or well-tuned. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a multi-timescale control strategy for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine system. Synthetic inertia control and speed recovery control are simultaneously incorporated into the controller of the rotor-side converter, whereas their dynamics are decoupled under different timescales to avoid control conflict. Extensive simulation results are provided, which validate the efficacy of the proposed inertia emulation scheme.

Optimal node selection of damping controller for power systems with high wind power penetration

With the increasing penetration of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines in power systems, they should be capable of damping the power oscillations. DFIGs equipped power oscillation damper (POD) combing synchronous generators equipped with power system stabilizer (PSS) are being deployed to damping power system oscillations. However, a major gap in this field is the selection of the optimal controller node in the system. This paper aims to propose an optimal node selection approach for POD and PSS in power systems, assisted by an event triggered node augmentation scheme to cope with cascading system contingencies. A submodular function is constructed to evaluate the distance between the system unstable eigenvectors and the controllability Gramian, and the base input set as well as the candidate nodes are selected. Subsequently, an event triggered condition is formulated to allow the candidate controller nodes to participate in damping the system oscillation. Four case studies are conducted and the results indicate that the proposed approach can effectively select the optimal PSS/POD nodes to improve the performance of the controllers.

Coordinated control among PSS, WTG and BESS for improving Small-Signal Stability

Abstract The goal towards attaining a sustainable future has led to the rapid increase in the integration of converter control based generators (CCBGs). The low inertia response characteristics of CCBGs and the weak tie lines in interconnected systems pose a huge threat to Small-Signal Stability (SSS). Adequate damping of low-frequency oscillations (LFO) is pivotal in ensuring the maximum power transfer through the critical transmission corridors. These operational issues become more serious with the significant reduction in system inertia as a result of the high penetration of CCBGs. Therefore, appropriate control techniques are an absolute requirement for preventing LFOs from limiting the penetration of CCBGs in interconnected networks. This may also eventually lead to revisions in grid codes mandating CCBGs to provide auxiliary damping control. But, the progressive addition of multiple damping controllers for specific target modes can lead to the drifting of eigenvalues (EVs) associated with other electromechanical modes (EMs) in the system. This is due to the adverse interactions between multiple damping controllers in the uncoordinated control approach and may result in deteriorating SSS. Therefore, this paper proposes a simultaneous coordinated control among Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), Wind Turbine Generators (WTG) and Power System Stabilizer (PSS) for enhancing SSS in networks with high wind penetration by considering both inter-area (IA) and local modes. The performance of the proposed coordinated control is corroborated using IEEE 68 bus system for multiple operating scenarios for which the critical modes in the system have the lowest damping index (DI). The effectiveness of modulating the active power, reactive power and simultaneous modulation of both active and reactive power injected by BESS along with a dual-channel Optimized WTG Damping Controller (DOWDC) and PSS is evaluated. The impact of the different coordinated control strategies on voltage dynamics is also investigated. The simulation results validate the better performance of the proposed coordinated control over uncoordinated control approaches.

Control Strategies For DFIG Based Wind Turbine Systems Frequency Regulating

As the energy crisis worsens and global problems intensify, wind power generation has emerged as one of the most successful and fastest-growing alternatives among some of the different mechanisms. The running of a power plant is continually jeopardized by irregular and malfunctioning circumstances. A conceptual implementation of an innovative solution is suggested for the proper output of a wind turbine power system in a wind-solar hybrid microgrid to track frequency fluctuations caused by various load factors and environmental conditions (MG). As a standard PI controller is used to track frequency, it is coupled with a sophisticated fuzzy logic controller to enhance frequency regulation. The frequency response properties of traditional WTs are tested and distinguished with varying loads and wind speeds. It is claimed that as the wind power speed rises, the power output of the device would deteriorate. The simulation shows that frequency modulation is accomplished in the time allocated. Furthermore, the proposed solution can be implemented into day-to-day applications without making any external modifications.

Design of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaics/Shrouded Wind Turbine Power System for Thermal Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste

The principal objective of this study is to optimize the design of an off-grid solar PV/wind turbine power system to serve the energy demand of a pyrolysis reactor. The goal is to develop sustainable and clean power system for the thermal conversion of solid waste to renewable and alternative fuels. A stand-alone hybrid renewable power system is designed, tested and the quality of the plastic oil is determined from TGA, FTIR and bomb calorimeter analysis. Modeling and optimization analysis is performed to simulate the off-grid renewable power system. The experimental results show the proposed hybrid power system meets all the energy demand of the reactor and the quality of plastic oil was comparable with diesel fuel. The simulation results for daily performance of the power system compare well with the experimental data. The simulation results showed that the off-grid hybrid power system offers the best power system architecture (renewable fraction and CO2 emissions) but the cost of electricity and the excess of electricity are higher. The grid-tied solar photovoltaic/wind turbine power system with the excess power sold back to the grid has the lowest cost of electricity (70 $/MWh), high renewable fraction (94.3%) and low CO2 emissions (44.1 kg CO2/year).

A New Guideline for Security Assessment of Power Systems with a High Penetration of Wind Turbines

By the increase of the penetration of power-electronic-based (PE-based) units, such as wind turbines and PV systems, many features of those power systems, such as stability, security, and protection, have been changed. In this paper, the security of electrical grids with high wind turbines penetration is discussed. To do so, first, an overview of the power systems’ security assessment is presented. Based on that, stability and security challenges introduced by increasing the penetration of wind turbines in power systems are studied, and a new guideline for the security assessment of the PE-based power systems is proposed. Simulation results for the IEEE 39-bus test system show that the proposed security guideline is necessary for PE-based power systems, as the conventional security assessments may not be able to indicate its security status properly.

A Modulation Method with Unfixed Switching Frequency Based on Output Power for Wind Power Converter

The wind turbine power system is being widely used and heavily connected to the utility grid, and the total harmonic distortion (THD) is one of the major evaluation indicators of electric power quality. The characteristics of the grid-connected wind converter harmonic with variable power loading are analyzed in this paper, and a software method of the variable switching frequency based on the output power of wind power converter is investigated to improve the grid-connecting harmonic considering the widely power loading. The method is verified on a three-level Neutral-Point-Clamped converter with Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation through simulations at last. And the results show that the THD is improved clearly and meanwhile the power loss and junction temperature are improved.