Aging is a pressing global issue, and older adults need to build up their knowledge to manage their health. Insufficient self-efficacy and low acceptance of technology hinder their ability to use emerging technologies for self-management. This study explored the potential of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) videos in the health management of older adults. We developed a video-based GenAI prototype, AIHealthV. This study used a mixed methods approach, enrolling 20 older adult participants (aged 60 to 80 years) in 3 rounds of iterative workshops. Data collection included pre- and postquestionnaires, in-depth interviews, prompt text records, and the generated video content. Qualitative data were analyzed using the 6-stage reflexivity thematic analysis method by Braun and Clarke, and quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The findings revealed that GenAI videos can enhance older adults' self-efficacy and technology acceptance, reduce cognitive load, and simultaneously meet their health management needs. The multimodal content generated by GenAI makes health information more comprehensible and thus improves the accessibility of health knowledge. Following the workshop, the interaction between older adults and AIHealthV exhibits a trend of exploration, adaptation, and verification. Despite ethical, privacy, and usability concerns, AIHealthV has been proven to be beneficial in improving the health management capabilities of older adults. This paper also provides practical insights for developing artificial intelligence health tools tailored to older adults as GenAI tools continue to prevail.

Objective To explore whether an AI-enhanced social robotic virtual patient (VP) platform reinforces empathetic behaviour patterns in medical students compared with a traditional computer-based platform. Methods Twenty-three sixth-semester medical students from Karolinska Institutet participated in semi-structured interviews following VP encounters with the Social AI-enhanced Robotic Interface (SARI) and, as a comparator, the computer-based Virtual Interactive Case system (VIC). Additionally, 178 students evaluated the VP platforms in empathetic training quantitatively using categorical nominal variables and a visual analogue scale (VAS), with a score of 0 indicating full preference for SARI and 10 full preference for VIC. Interview data were thematically analysed, and quantitative preferences were compared using the Fisher’s exact test with Monte Carlo simulation and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results Thematic analysis yielded five major themes wherein students consistently reported that SARI facilitated greater empathetic engagement through multimodal interaction, ability to express emotions, and real-time communication adaptability. Quantitative analysis demonstrated a higher preference for SARI versus VIC (78% versus 6%; OR: 190.4; 95% CI: 76.8–472.0; p < 0.001), which remained consistent across subgroups of interest, i.e., female and male students, with and without prior experience in VPs, and students first exposed to SARI or first exposed to VIC. VAS data also showed a preference for SARI versus VIC (median: 2.00; IQR: 1.00–4.00; W : 738.5; r : 0.70; p < 0.001). Conclusion Our AI-enhanced social robotic VP platform was superior to a traditional computer-based VP platform in fostering empathetic engagement in medical students through enhanced authenticity and interactivity, supporting its potential to supplement clinical rotations.

Purpose: Given the substantial damage to visual function caused by diabetic retinopathy, this study explored the changes in the fundus microcirculation of diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy to provide a basis for the prevention and early detection of diabetic retinopathy. Methods: This clinical observational study included 162 eyes of diabetic patients without clinical diabetic retinopathy and 108 healthy eyes. Retinal and choroidal parameters, namely, the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), full retina and large and middle choroidal vessel (LMCV) layers, were measured in the central and peripheral areas of 24 × 20 mm2 ultrawide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (UWF-SS-OCTA) images. The Mann‒Whitney U test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparisons between groups, and the Kruskal‒Wallis H test was used for comparisons among multiple groups, followed by Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results: The FAZ in the diabetic group was greater than that of the control group. The diabetic group had lower vessel densities in the SCP (0–3, 4–6, and 13–24 mm diameter ranges), DCP (0–3, 4–6 and 7–12 mm diameter ranges), full retina (0–3 and 4–6 mm diameter ranges), and LMCV layers (4–6 and 13–24 mm diameter ranges) (p < 0.05). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the vascular density of the SCP (diameter ranges 0–3 and 7–12 mm), DCP, full retina, and LMCV layers (4–6 mm range) in all disease duration groups and those in the control group. Pairwise comparison showed that the vascular density decreased more significantly in the group > 15 y group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Decreased retinal choroidal microcirculation occurs in diabetic patients before clinical retinopathy develops and becomes more pronounced with increasing disease duration, suggesting that diabetic patients should undergo regular fundus examinations to detect and potentially prevent diabetic retinopathy as early as possible.

3D bone surface model reconstructions of CT exams are used for surgical planning. However, the accuracy of these models in tin-filtered ultra-low-dose CT examinations is unknown. Thus, we evaluated the accuracy of 3D-reconstructed bone models obtained from tin-filtered ultra-low-dose CT (tfCT) compared to standard CT (sCT) and calculated the radiation dose reduction.IRB-approved prospective study with informed consent. Patients undergoing a pelvic sCT examination were scanned additionally with tfCT. 3D surface model reconstructions (left and right hemipelvis, and left and right proximal femur) of both scans were created, for each patient independently by two readers. The average error between the surface models of both methods was obtained using root mean square error (RMSE). The dose parameters that were used were volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP). Radiation dose differences of both scans were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.23 subjects (9 males and 14 females; mean age 31±8 years) were included. The mean RMSE was 0.47-0.48 mm for the right hemipelvis (left hemipelvis: 0.48-0.5 mm) and 0.52-0.56 for the proximal right femur (left femur: 0.5-0.57 mm). The average CTDIvol was 8.19±4.45 mGy for sCT examinations and 1.09±0.02 mGy for tfCT exams. The mean DLP was 220.45±124.36 mGy*cm for sCT examinations, and 29.12±1.54 mGy*cm for tfCT exams. The average CTDIvol and DLP were substantially lower (-87%) for tfCT compared to sCT (p<0.001).3D surface model reconstruction from tfCT is feasible and has similar accuracy to that of sCT but with a substantially lower radiation dose. · Pelvic 3D bone surface model reconstructions are feasible with tin-filtered ultra-low-dose CT.. · Reconstructions from tin-filtered ultra-low-dose CT have a similar accuracy as standard CT.. · Tin-filtered ultra-low-dose CT has a significantly lower radiation dose than standard CT.. · Falkowski AL, Carrillo F, Novina D et al. 3D bone reconstruction of the pelvis and hip through segmentation of tin-filtered ultra-low-dose CT compared with standard CT - a feasibility study. Rofo 2026; DOI 10.1055/a-2811-9609.

Background and Objectives: Accurate anterior segment measurements are central to intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation and toric planning, yet different optical platforms may yield non-interchangeable values. This study compared keratometry, astigmatism metrics, and ocular biometry obtained with a swept-source OCT biometer (Argos), an optical low-coherence interferometry biometer (Aladdin), and a combined Scheimpflug–Placido topographer (Schwind Sirius). Methods: This is a retrospective observational study (January 2022–June 2024) including eyes undergoing uncomplicated cataract surgery. All eyes were measured in a single session by one examiner. Outcomes included K1, K2, cylinder, astigmatism axis (degrees; device-reported corneal cylinder axis, labeled “Powerful Angle” in the Sirius export), vector components (J0 and J45), and—where available—lens thickness (LT), axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white (WTW) distance, and central corneal thickness (CCT). Friedman tests assessed 3-device differences, and pairwise comparisons were evaluated using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (paired data). Results: A total of 170 eyes (102 patients) were analyzed (mean age: 69.12 ± 10.26 years). Significant inter-device differences were detected for K1 (Argos: 43.45 ± 1.64 D; Aladdin: 43.41 ± 1.70 D; overall: p &lt; 0.001; Argos vs. Aladdin: p = 0.019), K2 (Argos: 44.45 ± 1.67 D; Aladdin: 44.34 ± 1.71 D; overall and pairwise: p &lt; 0.001), and cylinder (Argos: −0.83 ± 0.74 D, Aladdin: −0.77 ± 0.76 D; Sirius: −0.68 ± 0.75 D; overall: p &lt; 0.001). “Powerful Angle” differed across devices (p = 0.003) but not between Argos and Aladdin (p = 0.512). J0 (p = 0.277) and J45 (p = 0.084) did not differ significantly. Argos reported higher ACD (3.19 ± 0.42 vs. 3.13 ± 0.41 mm, p &lt; 0.001) and WTW (11.95 ± 0.42 vs. 11.65 ± 0.39 mm, p &lt; 0.001) values than Aladdin. CCT was similar between Aladdin and Sirius (540.27 ± 33.44 vs. 540.47 ± 33.78 µm, p = 0.169). Conclusions: Several keratometric and biometric parameters differed significantly by device, indicating limited interchangeability—particularly relevant for toric and premium IOL planning—while vector astigmatism components and CCT showed better agreement.

Background: HER2-low breast cancer is a biologically heterogeneous subgroup in which hormone receptor (HR) expression critically shapes prognosis and treatment, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and may contribute to HR heterogeneity. This study aimed to identify deregulated miRNAs and associated gene networks distinguishing HER2-low/HR-positive from HER2-low/HR-negative tumors, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying this divergence. Methods: Differential expression analyses of miRNAs and genes were performed using Wilcoxon tests and DESeq2 (|log2FC| &gt; 1; FDR-adjusted p-value &lt; 0.05). Survival analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the individual miRNAs and miRNA signature. Functional enrichment analyses, including GO, KEGG and Reactome pathways, were performed. Correlation analysis and the miRNA target prediction were integrated to identify regulatory interactions. Results: Comparisons between HER2-low/HR-positive and HER2-low/HR-negative tumors identified 165 significantly deregulated miRNAs and 170 strongly deregulated genes. Intersection analysis highlighted miR-9-5p, miR-532-5p and miR-576-5p as specifically associated with HR-negative status. Survival analyses showed non-significant trends for the overall survival and progression-free interval. Functional enrichment analysis revealed hormone-related pathways in HR-positive tumors and immune, inflammatory and proliferative pathways in HR-negative tumors. Integrative correlation and target prediction analyses identified two miRNA–mRNA regulatory axes, miR-576-5p/TGFBI and miR-9-5p/POU2F2. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that HER2-low breast cancer exhibits distinct miRNA and gene expression profiles, which highlight different transcriptomic profiles according to HR status for the first time. Specific miRNA–gene networks may drive transcriptional heterogeneity, serving as potential biomarkers for stratification and as therapeutic targets. These findings provide insight into the molecular basis of HER2-low tumor diversity and support future development of HR-directed therapeutic strategies.

Stunting in preschool-aged children increases susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) due to impaired immune systems and imbalances in gut microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on URTI incidence among stunted preschool-aged children and to support nutrition-based preventive strategies for reducing acute respiratory infections among vulnerable populations. This study used a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test-post-test design conducted over 120 days from August 2023 to January 2024. Fifteen stunted preschool-aged children enrolled in a kindergarten in Probolinggo City participated through total sampling. Data were collected using health status forms completed by enumerators during school days and by parents during holidays. Observations were conducted during two consecutive 60-day periods before and during probiotic supplementation. The intervention consisted of daily administration of 65 ml of a probiotic containing more than 100 million Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain bacteria per milliliter. Statistical analysis included Fisher’s Exact Test and the Wilcoxon Test with a significance level of p &lt; 0.05. Results showed a significant difference in URTI status before and during probiotic supplementation (p = 0.042) and in the duration of school absenteeism (p = 0.011). However, no significant differences were found in URTI episode frequency, episode duration, or overall illness duration. The study concludes that probiotic supplementation (65 ml) has a significant impact on reducing URTI occurrence and school absenteeism in stunted preschool children.

Impact of interprofessional education in underserved settings on pharmacy student empathy.

The effectiveness of the emergency response training program for biosafety events of nurses' competence in the tertiary general hospital: A quasi-experiment study.

ABSTRACT Reliable condition monitoring of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) power cables is essential for preventing insulation failure, ensuring stable power transmission, particularly under low-temperature operating environments where conventional diagnostic methods exhibit limited sensitivity and accuracy. Existing cable conditions assessment approaches often rely on periodic inspections or visual analysis, which are insufficient for detecting early-stage insulation degradation and may lead to unexpected failures. To address this limitation, this research proposes an online XLPE cable operation failure finding technique based on distributed optical fibre temperature sensing integrated with statistical evaluation of thermal behaviour, focusing on thermal-field-based indicators rather than direct electrical or mechanical characterisation. Controlled experimental investigations were conducted by introducing different insulation damage depths and lengths under simulated operating conditions. The resulting temperature field variations were systematically analysed using parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques, including t-tests, Mann–Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. The results demonstrate that insulation damage depth has a statistically significant influence on cable surface temperature rise (p < 0.05), whereas insulation damage length shows a comparatively weaker and statistically insignificant effect. In addition, optical fibre temperature sensing exhibited superior measurement stability and spatial accuracy compared with conventional thermocouple-based measurements under various laying environments.

Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance Approach using telerehabilitation with parents to improve performance issues in children/adolescents with Dravet Syndrome.

Utilizing short experiential teaching methods for school mental health awareness among adolescents from Rural India - A Quasi experimental pilot study.

Conventional pharmacological treatment does not always relieve cancer pain satisfactorily, increasing the need for further medication. Complementary and integrative therapies are offered to cancer inpatients to improve their well-being. Although manual therapies such as massage and reflexology are commonly offered to hospitalized cancer patients in the UK, Shiatsu in this setting is little known and has been studied much less. The purpose of this project is to examine the pain-relieving effects of Heisei Shiatsu in hospitalized cancer patients and to compare those results with other bodywork modalities which have been established for longer in this field. Fifty-five inpatients received 66 Heisei Shiatsu treatments. Interventions are adapted to health issues and specific pain complaints. Patients scored changes in pain intensity, the relief provided, and changes in mood as a result of the treatment using the validated Integrative Medicine Treatment Evaluation Form. The pre- and post-treatment scores for pain and mood were analyzed with both student's t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results for relief are given in percentage points. All results were compared to results for other therapies stated in comparable research articles. Decrease in pain intensity and pain relief was reported after the Shiatsu session by all patients. The average reduction in pain was 40%. Thirty-two percent of the patients said their pain had been completely relieved, and 45% stated the pain had been mostly relieved. Compared to results in similar studies, Shiatsu is more effective than aromatherapy or reflexology in reducing pain among cancer patients. Almost all patients commented on the relaxing and soothing effects of these treatments. Heisei Shiatsu can be delivered alongside conventional care for patients with cancer. Although the sample size is not big enough to draw definite conclusions, it warrants further research into the safety of Heisei Shiatsu in this setting and its relaxing effects as described by many of the patients.

Multi-modal gait assessment in Parkinson's Disease: A pilot study examining the impact of terrain and environment.

A Mixed-Methods Analysis of the Outcomes of a Peer Review Mentoring Program.

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) has attracted more and more attention in clinical diagnosis and medical sciences due to its capability to non-invasively characterize tissue properties. Nevertheless, most qMRI methods are time-consuming and sensitive to motion, making them inadequate for quantifying organs with physiological movement. In this context, single-shot multiple overlapping-echo detachment (MOLED) imaging technique has been presented, but its acquisition efficiency and image quality are limited when the field of view (FOV) is smaller than the object, especially for abdominal organs and myocardium. A novel single-shot reduced FOV qMRI method was developed based on MOLED (termed rFOV-MOLED). This method combines zonal oblique multislice (ZOOM) and outer volume suppression (OVS) techniques to reduce the FOV and suppress signals outside the FOV. A deep neural network was trained using synthetic data generated from Bloch simulations to achieve high-quality T2 map reconstruction from rFOV-MOLED images. Numerical simulation, water phantom and in vivo abdominal and myocardial imaging experiments were performed to evaluate the method. The coefficient of variation and repeatability index were used to evaluate the reproducibility. Multiple statistical analyses were utilized to evaluate the accuracy and significance of the method, including linear regression, Bland-Altman analysis, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test, with the p-value significance level of 0.05. Experimental results show that rFOV-MOLED achieved excellent performance in reducing aliasing signals due to FOV reduction. It provided T2 maps closely resembling the reference maps. Moreover, it gave finer tissue details than MOLED and was quite repeatable. rFOV-MOLED can ultrafast and stably provide accurate T2 maps for myocardium and specific abdominal organs with improved acquisition efficiency and image quality.

Long-term cognitive outcomes and persistent executive dysfunction in LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis.

Risk of secondary cancer from carbon ion arc therapy in two anatomical sites.

Growth after pubertal block in trans adolescents.

Introduction: Obesity, or Sthoulya, is a metabolic disorder characterised by excessive fat accumulation that adversely affects overall health. It is defined as a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m². The global prevalence varies, with rates reported as 67% in the Americas and 31% in Southeast Asia and Africa. It is estimated that 16% of adults over 18 years of age will be obese by 2027. In Ayurveda, obesity is viewed as a nutritional illness (Santarpanjanotha Vyadhi) linked to vitiated Kapha and Medha due to Medovaha Srotas Dushti. Acharya Charaka states that Udvartan, which includes both dry and unctuous procedures, may contribute to the excessive accumulation of Meda Dhatu (fat tissue). Need of the study: Obesity significantly contributes to numerous co-morbid conditions, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, osteoarthritis, and various cancers such as colon and breast cancer. Although conventional pharmaceutical and surgical treatments may offer short-term benefits, they are often associated with side effects, high costs, and poor long-term adherence. Ayurveda provides a safe, holistic, and personalised approach to managing Sthoulya by addressing both physical and psychological components. The primary therapeutic methods oral medication (systemic modulation), Udvartan (external stimulation), and Basti (colon cleansing)— have individually demonstrated effectiveness. However, comprehensive comparative studies evaluating their long-term efficacy are lacking. The present study aims to bridge this gap in integrative obesity management and provide scientific evidence for standardised Ayurvedic treatments, potentially influencing public health and clinical practice. Aim: To evaluate the comparative efficacy of a Medopachak formulation (Yoga) administered through three different routes— Basti (enema), Udvartan (local application), and oral Medopachak Ghana tablets (Vati) in the management of obesity (Sthoulya). Materials and Methods: A randomised controlled trial will be conducted from May 2025 to May 2026 at Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital and Research Centre, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Salod (H), Wardha, Maharashtra, India A total of 78 patients will be enrolled and treated with the Medopachak formulation via three different routes. Group A: Medopachak formulation (Yoga) administered as Basti (enema) through the anal route for eight days. Group B: Medopachak formulation (Yoga) applied through Udvartan (local application) for eight days. Group C: Medopachak Ghana tablet (Vati), 250 mg two tablets with lukewarm water twice a day for 24 days. Objective parameters Body Mass Index (BMI), body weight, anthropometric measures, serum lipid profile, and skinfold thickness—will be assessed on days 16 and 24. Statistical analysis will include Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) paired t-test, or Wilcoxon Signed-rank test. A p-value &lt;0.05 will be considered statistically significant.