Wi-Fi Hotspots Research Articles

ЗАХИСТ ПУБЛІЧНИХ ТОЧОК ДОСТУПУ WI-FI

Traffic on public wireless networks is mostly unencrypted. Most users are usually unaware of the risks involved, and providers of public Wi-Fi hotspots do not pay attention to this, focusing only on convenience and ease of user to access the network, while ignoring the protection of user data.Cybercriminals effectively use existing security vulnerabilities in public Wi-Fi spots to intercept network traffic and steal sensitive data. To ensure effective counteraction to hacking, an important task is to analyze methods and technologies for detecting and combating such cybercrime attacks.The literature and research reviews of public Wi-Fi spots shows that the justification for the feasibility and effectiveness of using a method or technology of protecting Wi-Fi spots depending on the type of threat, network structure and type is not given enough attention.The aim of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of modern methods and technologies of protecting public Wi-Fi networks based on the analysis of current threats and vulnerabilities and develop recommendations for their use in deploying and supporting various types and features of public Wi-Fi networks including user devices.Based on the analysis of the most common vulnerabilities and threats of public Wi-Fi spots, features, advantages and disadvantages of currently used technologies and methods to ensure adequate protection of wireless networks, it was recom-mended to implement WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPA3 and OWE technologies depending on the type of user activity and amount of confidential information, the availability of support for a particular end-user protection technology and the relevance of security protocols provided by a particular security technology.

FakeAP Detector: An Android-Based Client-Side Application for Detecting Wi-Fi Hotspot Spoofing

Network spoofing is becoming a common attack in wireless networks. The trend is going high due to an increase in Internet users. Similarly, there is a rapid growth of numbers in mobile devices in the working environments and on most official occasions. The trends pose a huge threat to users since they become the prime target of attackers. More unfortunately, mobile devices have weak security measures due to their limited computational powers. Current approaches to detect spoofing attacks focus on personal computers and rely on the network hosts’ capacity, leaving guest users with mobile devices at risk. Some approaches on Android-based devices demand root privilege, which is highly discouraged. This paper presents an Android-based client-side solution to detect the presence of fake access points in a perimeter using details collected from probe responses. Our approach considers the difference in security information and signal level of an access point (AP). We present the detection in three networks, (i) open networks, (ii) closed networks and (iii) networks with captive portals. As a departure from existing works, our solution does not require root access for detection, and it is developed for portability and better performance. Experimental results show that our approach can detect fake access points with an accuracy of 99% and 99.7% at an average of 24.64 and 7.78 milliseconds in open and closed networks, respectively.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PEMBERIAN PAKAN DAN PENGATURAN pH AIR SECARA OTOMATIS PADABUDI DAYA IKAN LELE BERBASIS ATMEGA 16 MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA SMARTPHONE

Research has been carried out that aims (i) to design a feeding system and water pH regulation in catfish farming automatically, (ii) to assemble and build a control circuit with existing electronic components and sensors, (iii) to apply the IoT system to pH controller made to be controlled remotely. The tool is designed to control the pH of the water by means of circulation and for measuring the pH of the water in the catfish pond, it is carried out periodically using a pH sensor of type PH4502C. The system uses the RTC DS1307 digital clock module to determine the feeding schedule. Smartphone communication with control circuits uses internet media for data transfer and commands. Regulates feeding in catfish ponds and integrates with smartphones. The design of the feeding system and pH regulation in catfish farming automatically, the tool can provide feed and regulate the pH of the water automatically according to a schedule that has been set with the program that has been made. The circuit is assembled and built into the chassis by installing all electronic components and sensors on the PCB. Such as the process of automation of feeding using a servo motor, to measure the pH of the water using a pH sensor and setting the pH of the water using a water pump. By using the RTC as a digital clock to provide time information on the microcontroller so that the program can run according to what has been made. The application of the IoT system to the pH controller and feeding device that is made is controlled remotely. This tool is able to send information and commands from two directions using an adapter device from Wifi, namely the MCU Node. The MCU node is set to be related to the Wifi hotspot and connectivity with the Blynk server on the smartphone. Menu settings are made according to the required display, namely the pH display, buttons to activate and deactivate the water pump, feeding, and notifications if there is a change in the pH of the water or if the pH of the water is unstable

SINGLE HOP AUTHENTIC BROADCASTING IN SOCIAL MOBILE NETWORKS USING BLUETOOTH

This paper aims to create infrastructure-free networking capabilities for people in need such as when inadequate infrastructure including mobile cell towers and power supplies are damaged or when all communication means are restricted. In general, this means finding a way to communicate without mobile cell towers, repeaters, or Wi-Fi hotspots on mobile devices. This paper focuses on introducing an ad-hoc network based on Bluetooth where users can communicate without barriers. The proposed network implementation uses Google’s API Nearby Connection which is one of Google Play Services that can provide high bandwidth, low latency, encrypted data transfers between nearby devices in a fully-offline P2P mode. Kotlin language was used to program an application called BlueEmergency installed on Android devices to broadcast data as bytes payloads in a form of text messages from one node to all nodes in proximity using Bluetooth only. The test and verification of the system are performed showed that successful communication is achieved with the latest versions of both the Android operating system and Bluetooth. Finally, the designed network can be extended to cover large geographical areas by multi-hopping the messages between devices to make the system more efficient to use in the time of need.

Lessons from Internet Use and Performance During Covid-19

ABSTRACT When COVID-19 hit, many people began working, going to school, and living much of their lives from home. The Internet was a gateway to the world. This article uses data from Internet speed tests, consumer complaints, search engine optimization tools, and logs of Internet use from public libraries to understand the effects of the pandemic on Internet use and performance. Despite reports that the Internet handled the surge in traffic well, we find that complaints about Internet speed nearly tripled, and performance was degraded. Downstream data rates changed little, but median upstream data rates at midday dropped by about a third. When discussing Internet performance, people typically focus on downstream. This focus should shift. Internet service providers and policymakers should reduce the asymmetry by changing how infrastructure is designed, how Internet services are advertised, how regulators write transparency rules, and how government defines “broadband” in subsidy programs intended to reduce the digital divide. We also find significant increases in the use of many important categories of online content, including those used for work communications, education, grocery shopping, social media, news, and job searches. This shows the importance of the Internet during the crisis. Many people without Internet at home turned to public Wi-Fi hotspots during the pandemic. We find that this occurred disproportionately in neighborhoods with more students. Future distance learning initiatives should consider the challenges some students face in obtaining Internet access.

Outcome and Impact Assessment Study Development of Community Internet Centre in Kampung Batu Embun Jerantut, Pahang

The outcome and impact assessment study for developing a community internet centre was conducted in Kampung Batu Embun Jerantut, Pahang. Researchers set out to figure out how local communion in internet networks relates to other parameters. This study aims to achieve the objectives listed by researchers on assessing outcomes and impacts of developing a community internet centre in Kampung Batu Embun Jerantut, Pahang. To conduct this study, a total of 30 participants were chosen. A quantitative analysis was carried out using a questionnaire that has become a standard study instrument for researchers' studies. The findings showed that the association between the factors led to internet centre services in the local community. Nevertheless, the proposal for improvement in the use of internet access is to strengthen the use of ICT among rural communities, including the addition of Wifi hotspot locations in rural schools, public halls, health clinics, hospitals and essential locations suitable to enable the community to access the Internet regardless of age. Finally, is anticipated that this study will have a positive impact. On the local community as well as improve a more efficient lifestyle.

Revitalising South African City Centres Through ICT

The majority of South African city centres are in a state of degeneration and need revitalising. The factors that contributed to the degeneration and how the integration of information and communications technology (ICT) can be used to revitalise them were examined in three South African city centres. The research was grounded in place theory. A survey method, including the Delphi technique, followed by factor analysis, and ordinal regression modelling was used to collect and analyse data. The findings indicated that enhancing accessibility and safety, social and community involvement, human experience, built-up environment, and vibrancy were the five major components which needed reinforcing to revitalise the city centres. However, ICT-linked strategies, including networking the areas with free Wi-Fi hotspots, creating places in which to congregate, providing digital screens, and installing cameras and remote monitoring, are expected to attract people and to facilitate accessing real-time information about different events, marketing, branding, and creating a unique image. Also, the use of ICT will assist in reducing criminal activities and dispel the fear of crime. The combined effect is likely to encourage people and businesses to return the city centres, making these areas vibrant and accessible.

The rogue access point identification: a model and classification review

Most people around the world make use of public Wi-Fi hotspots, as their daily routine companion in communication. The access points (APs) of public Wi-Fi are easily deployed by anyone and everywhere, to provide hassle-free Internet connectivity. The availability of Wi-Fi increases the danger of adversaries, taking advantages of sniffing the sensitive data. One of the most serious security issues encountered by Wi-Fi users, is the presence of rogue access points (RAP). Several studies have been published regarding how to identify the RAP. Using systematic literature review, this research aims to explore the various methods on how to distinguish the AP, as a rogue or legitimate, based on the hardware and software approach model. In conclusion, all the classifications were summarized, and produced an alternative solution using beacon frame manipulation technique. Therefore, further research is needed to identify the RAP.

IMPLEMENTASI HOTSPOT DENGAN USER MANAGERUNTUK INTERNET WIRELESS MENGGUNAKANMIKROTIK Rb 941-2nd DI MTsN 1SUMBAWA BESAR

This study aims to implement a wifi hotspot at MTsN 1 Sumbawa Besar to minimize network disturbances. This research is implemented using network devices such as Mikrotik Router, Windows Server 2007 and other supporting network devices. The network development method uses the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) approach. It is starting with the process of analysis, design, simulation to implementation. The instrument of data collection techniques in the study used observation, interviews, documentation and literature study. The final result of this research is to implement a hotspot network that can cover the entire madrasa area. MTsN 1 Sumbawa Besar canAccess the internet without any network disturbances.

AI-powered Feedback Loop in Driving Efficient Urban Planning

With the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI), more and more organisations are incorporating this into their business processes to make better decisions. The field of urban planning is not excluded in this realm of technology. In fact, although urban planners and AI developers operate in different disciplines, they both share the same goal: creating a more livable future. With technological advancement, AI technology can be incorporated into urban plans, facilitating the development of a “Smart City”. Yet, while members of the public might only take note of the infrastructural changes within the city to make the city “smarter”, such as smart lamp posts, increase of digital registers on different outlets and modes of transportation, increase in Wifi hotspots etc., more could be done to understand the true impact of urban planning decisions and the public’s sentiment. This can help gauge feedback to be used as one of the success metrics and as a case study for future similar urban planning cases.

Internet of Things and Long-Range-Based Smart Lampposts for Illuminating Smart Cities

Intelligent and resilient infrastructure is necessary for smart cities for contributing flexible and smart amenities to the citizens. Concerning the United Nations (UN) estimation, the global population residing in urban cities will reach 68% by 2050. Additionally, the Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAP) report suggests implementing energy efficiency technologies in smart cities to meet the rising urban population requirement. Internet of Things (IoT) technology empowers to achieve the goal of energy efficiency by integrating sensors, wireless technology, and renewable energy sources in the lighting system. At present, the IoT-based lighting system in urban cities is implemented with streetlamps and lampposts. In this study, we are focusing on lampposts, as it has the flexibility of establishing and implementing a multitude of applications on a single system. Due to technological advancement, the lamppost is embedded with multiple sensors, communication protocols, and energy distribution infrastructure for delivering smart and affordable amenities to the citizens residing in the smart cities. This motivates us to implement a smart lamppost that provides a multitude of applications such as smart light, digital signs, environmental monitoring conditions, electric vehicle (EV) charging port, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) hotspot, etc., on a single lamppost. This study proposed the IoT-assisted fog and edge-based smart lamppost for the smart cities to realize the smart infrastructure. Further, this smart lamppost is integrated with low power and long-range communication, i.e., Long Range (LoRa), enabling the smart lamppost to communicate the sensory data to a long-range. Additionally, LoRa is integrated with a Wi-Fi module for establishing the interconnection between the smart lamppost and IoT server. Generally, the proposed architecture is broad perspective; however, we have developed and implemented the hardware models of three components including lighting system, environmental parameters and image sensing in real time. Lighting system and environmental parameter monitoring are integrated on same hardware model for sensing and logging the real-time values of temperature, humidity, CO and light intensity on the IoT server. The developed image sensing prototype based on ESP 32 controller is also evaluated in real-time scenarios, and the performance of the prototype is efficient. The proposed system delivers reliable performance in terms of sensing and communicating environmental parameters and images to the IoT server. Moreover, in future, we will complete the development of other components of the smart lamppost for enhancing the smarter infrastructure in smart cities.

Pengaruh Internet Terhadap Intensi Migrasi Internasional Kaum Muda di Perdesaan (Studi Kasus di Desa Tambakasri)

Tambaksari Village is one of the villages located in Sumbermanjing Wetan District, the main activity of which is agriculture. However, data from Malang Regency in Figures for 2019 shows that 316 residents were recorded leaving the Sumbermanjing District to work as migrant workers. Migration of people outside the village can result in reduced resources for village development and agricultural land managers, most of whom are in rural areas. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of the Internet on young people 's intention to migrate abroad in terms of use. Based on the survey results, the entire Tambakasri Village area has been served by a mobile Internet network, as well as WiFi hotspots in several locations (Tambakasri Village Office and several coffee shops). Descriptive statistics and SEM-PLS were the data analysis method used. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the variable with the greatest total effect in the measurement of the INTENSE variable is the KONTEN variable + 0.001 (INFRAS and USE are negative). This means that the variable CONTEN is the variable that has the most dominant influence on the INTENSI variable in international migration, but can not be separated from INFRAS and USE. Based on the results of the test hypotheses, it is known that the Internet Influence variable consisting of indicators A, B and C has a significant effect on the International Youth Migration Intents variable in rural areas with an effect value based on the R-Squared value of 0.47 or 47 percent.

The Effectiveness of Wi-Fi-Network Technology on Campuses and Residences for an Improved Learning Experience and Engagement

The information and communication technology revolution is broadly recognised for its fundamental role in the effective operation of higher education institutions. There is a need to understand the way in which wireless local area networks at universities are viewed by registered users, the people that develop, implement and maintain these networks, and those planning on adopting these networks. The study’s objective is to unravel the usefulness of these networks in a higher education environment to promote effective learning engagements at campuses of the University of Johannesburg in South Africa. Universities provide Wi-Fi network initiatives on campuses to create an effective learning environment, and wireless local area network connections at universities mean that Wi-Fi-enabled devices can be leveraged for educational purposes. The provision of Wi-Fi-enabled computers, mobile devices and electronic gadgets has revolutionised the realm and methods of communication, which is channelled towards improving and enhancing internet coverage on campuses and at student residences. This study explores the effectiveness of Wi-Fi networks and hotspots on campuses and at student residences to improve students’ learning engagement. The study used mixed-research methods, including a document analysis to gather information from information and communication systems and a survey to gather responses from the respondents. The findings suggest that Wi-Fi availability at universities is perceived as useful and effective since students benefit from a range of improved learning experiences, easy access to educational content, enhanced performance, and quality and education delivery.

Design of an intelligent underground parking guided and charging system based on WiFi

With the development of the society, the improvement of people’s living standards, countless underground parking lots seem to be difficult to park and find cars. Underground parking lot was built under the thick concrete. Because the underground parking lot is built under the thick steel and cement, the GPS satellite signal can not penetrate the thick bunker, which leads to the problem that the navigation accuracy in the building is too low to be able to locate accurately. In order to solve this problem which is put forward an intelligent underground parking guidance system based on the wifi, the system install wifi routers on the underground parking lot, and mobile phones own wifi module scan wifi hotspots around the information, and then match the cloud database tagged wifi hotspots information, and get wifi hot spot on the map coordinate information. According to the mobile phone access to the location of the WIFI hotspot intensity information, the system gets to the phone’s current location information, and the coordinates of the map is updated. Fianlly, according to the system for the whole test, the test results show that the system has achieve the expected goals, and the operation is convenient, has certain market practical value.

A measurement study on device-to-device communication technologies for IIoT

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) connect all components of the factory by constructing low-delay and high-reliability network (wired or wireless), realizing ubiquitous interconnection and smooth data communication, and finally forming an intelligent and efficient industrial ecosystem. There are three widely used device-to-device (D2D) techniques, including Bluetooth (BT), WiFi Hotspot (WFH) and WiFi Direct (WFD), which could provide wireless connections and communications for IIoT devices when the WLANs or cellular networks are unavailable. These D2D communication techniques have gained popularity with the emergence of offloading computing as well as edge computing. Existing studies investigate the outdated versions of BT and WFH, and there are no studies comprehensively comparing them together.In this paper, we conduct a comparative study of the three D2D communication techniques from the aspects of power consumption and transmission performance. Experimental results indicate that BT consumes the lowest power. Power consumption of BT in working state is almost equal to that of WFH and WFD in idle states. However, BT exhibits a poor performance in data transmission. The maximum transmission rate for BT is 1.6 Mbps, while the value is around 50 Mbps for WFH and WFD. We find that TCP/UDP performance of WFH is a little better than WFD. However, WFH also consumes a bit more power than WFD. As a result, WFH is nearly at the same level as WFD when considering the throughput and power consumption together. Taken the results at 2.4 GHz band as an example, the TCP throughput/power for both of them is 4.63 KB/mWs at the sender, while at the receiver, they also have the same value of 6 KB/mWs. We believe that the measurement results are fundamental for constructing high-performance and power-efficient device-to-device communication networks with IIoT devices.

WITHDRAWN: Evaluation, prediction and implementation patterns of network traffic malware using machine learning

Abstract The network environments are now days quite susceptible and vulnerable to assorted assaults because of the increasing devices from different sources. In this research work, the fetching and analytics of the network traffic is planned and simulated with the machine learning based approaches so that the overall prediction of the network malware can be done. The fetching of the network traffic from WLAN environment using Wireshark as packet capturing tool is done and the .pcap file is generated from Wireshark. After that Snort IDS is used for the classification of the network traffic and further training of the datasets. The approaches of support vector machine and random forest are taken in the work for training of the data. The approach of support vector machine is earlier work done as the traditional approach. Against Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and SVC, we have used the Random Forest (RF) Approach for the prediction of malware in the new testing network traffic as RF is one of the prominent approaches for the machine learning and classification. Once the results obtained from ANN and RF both, then have compare the performance of both ANN and RF and proved that RF is better than ANN in the prediction patterns on assorted parameters. The users on wireless environment including Wi-Fi are very vulnerable to the malware. The users connect to the public Wi-Fi hotspots without validations of their traffic and sniffing attempts. Many times, the public wireless hotspots capture the data of users who connect to them. There is need to work on the algorithms of machine learning and knowledge discovery for the better accuracy to get the malware in the wireless environment. This work is having the key focus towards the prediction of random network traffic so that the assaults can be predicted with higher degree of accuracy.

Everything on Tower (EoT) – Enabling Broadband Access in Rural Areas Through License-Exempt Spectrum – Making the Business of Rural Broadband Happen

This paper mainly aims to throw the light on telecom technologies of today and tomorrow. It briefly discusses, how technologies are now starting to be available to connect every village and also it details challenges faced by the technologies in rural areas. With these in mind, a total innovative business model is required to deliver Internet services to rural areas. In order to meet this need, a Danish technology start-up called BLUETOWN took the initiative to significantly enhance the quality of life of rural people in India in various villages of Eastern India by setting up a network of public Wi-Fi hotspots in various villages of India. The challenges from a technology point of view were many. The systems that provided the solution needed to be cost-effective, low maintenance and affordable to the rural masses [1].

Wearable Device for Yogic Breathing with Real-Time Heart Rate and Posture Monitoring.

Background:Yogic breathing also called as “Pranayama” is practiced with inhalation (Pooraka), holding the breath for some time (Kumbhaka) and then exhalation (Rechaka). The effective methods of yogic breathing keep oneself healthy and also improves immunity power. The yogic breathing can be practiced irrespective of one's age and gender and even in the office which helps to reduce the stress. To get the best results through yoga, a person has to follow certain timings and sit in a correct posture. Although many devices are existing in the market to monitor heart rate, posture and breathing during physical activity, there is a need of a device which is simple, cheap, and easy to use without an additional requirement of a smartphone. Moreover, the proposed device is able to evaluate the breathing data by transmitting it to a webpage through a Wi-Fi hotspot of the Microcontroller.Methods:The developed device has two subsystems: (i) A wrist subsystem to measure the heart rate, visual aid of breathing and vibration feedback for kapalabhati. (ii) A waist subsystem to monitor the posture with help of flex sensor and the results are displayed on the display of the wrist device. It also provides vibration feedback. The inertial measurement unit is used for breath detection. The subsystems are communicated through SPI communication. The breathing data are transmitted to a webpage through a Wi-Fi hotspot of the microcontroller.Results:The various yogic breathing and normal breathing exercises are tested on different normal subjects using the developed device and analyzed. The heart rate and beats per minute are evaluated. The heart rate sensor is validated using a standard medical device and it is observed that there was a 97.4% accuracy.Conclusion:The results show that the device is able to accurately monitor different kinds of breathing and additionally provide heart rate and posture information while performing the breathing exercises.

Health Disparities in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Health Disparities in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Innovative Learning Technology (ILT) in Indonesian Vocational Higher Education

This paper aimed to find out the students’ perspective on Innovative Learning Technology (ILT) usage in Indonesian Vocational Higher Education. The researchers administered an online questionnaire to thirty-eight students of Business English class. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study showed that students perceived the ILT integration, ILT skill, and ILT usefulness. This study also found the ILT type preferred by the lecturers and devices (mobile hotspots or campus Wi-Fi hotspot) used mostly by the students to access the ILT. This study recommends the vocational higher education to improve ILT facilities for enhancing the quality of learning. The utilization of innovative learning technology for education, mainly learning English, has become a necessity to implement. Various innovative learning technology applications properly utilized optimally for educational purposes. The use of innovative learning technology for education can be carried out in multiple forms accordingly to its function. Although innovative learning technology is essential, the value of interpersonal relationships in the learning process of English is at the center of that experience. However, face-to-face sessions are precious. Learning methods that integrate independent and student-centered learning while being supervised by teachers have proven to help support and motivate students in achieving their goals in learning English.