Wide-area Backup Protection System Research Articles

Reliability Assessment of Power System Backup Protection in Smart Grid Control Center Using Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)

Catastrophic failures in power grid due to mal operation of traditional backup protection system (e.g. third zone of distance relays) was one of the main causes of many cascade trips. This paper assess a new wide-area backup protection system (WABPS) based on phasor measurement units (PMU), to improve third zone of distance relays to avoid its mal-operation. Based on this assessment, phasor measurement units with high speed communication system such as fiber optic and using time transfer with GPS system have dynamic adjustment for reliable backup protection system to avoid mal-operation. The new backup protection system is based on phasor measurement units (PMU) obtained from studies on the IEEE 9 bus test system using Matlab Simulink. It can successfully distinguish between actual and virtual faults for interconnected lines

Synchrophasor Sensors Assisted Novel Algorithm for Power System Protection Reinforcement and Health Monitoring

This paper proposes a synchrophasors assisted novel algorithm for power system protection from various disturbances and health monitoring under critical conditions, as well as reinforcing the protective system by supervising and guiding the relays. The proposed algorithm, as a widearea backup protection system, monitors the power system health using the generator rotor angle and the bus voltage phasors and thus detects a disturbance using the absolute value of generator rotor angle deviation (|Δδ gi |). The disturbance is classified into fault, stressed condition or unstable condition using Δδ gi . During the fault or the stressed condition, the disturbance associated bus (parent bus) is identified using Voltage Sensitive Coefficient (VSC) to supervise and guide the operation of appropriate Undervoltage/Overvoltage (UV/OV) relays. For achieving this, the proposed algorithm employs the data received at Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) in Wide-Area Protection System (WAPS) from all Synchrophasor Measurement Units (SMUs). The performance of the algorithm is tested on the New England IEEE-39 bus system. The results evince that the proposed algorithm at WAPS detects and classifies the disturbance efficiently besides monitors the health accurately and reinforces the protection reliability.

Multi‐objective optimisation method of power grid partitioning for wide‐area backup protection

Rational partitioning method of power grid is the premise and foundation to implement wide-area backup protection with multi-source information. This study shows the universal structure of a wide-area backup protection system based on regional centralised decision-making mode, and presents a multi-objective optimisation method of power grid partitioning. Under the premise of reliable protection, a multi-objective function is built, comprehensively considering the communication performance, overlap rate, and the balance of regional workloads. To obtain the optimal result, the brain storm optimisation (BSO) algorithm is used in this study. The method is applied on IEEE 11-bus and 39-bus test systems and simulated data is used to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the optimisation method.

A Model Checking Approach to Testing the Reliability of Smart Grid Protection Systems

As distributed, communication-based protection systems become more prevalent in the emerging smart grid, the task of critically assessing their reliability has become increasingly challenging due to the complexity of their underlying software designs. This paper demonstrates that the discipline of software model checking can be applied to smart grid protection software designs to rigorously assess their fault tolerance. In this paper, the SPIN model checker is applied to a published wide-area backup protection system (WABPS). The WABPS was specifically architected to be highly reliable under various kinds of common failure scenarios, including mechanical malfunctions, erroneous sensor readings, and communication failures. However, because of its built-in redundancy and decentralized peer-to-peer design, calculating its precise fault tolerance is nontrivial. This paper shows how SPIN can be applied to the WABPS's design to brute-force prove the limits of the number and types of failures that can occur while the system remains able to successfully perform its function. This same technique is applicable to a wide variety of smart grid protection software designs, and the information it provides is invaluable to protection engineers during the development of new systems, for assessing the quality of competing designs, and for risk management purposes.

Association Analysis of System Failure in Wide Area Backup Protection System

Abstract Wide area backup protection algorithm based on fault component identification is the heart of the whole wide area backup protection system, its validity and reliability is a problem which needs to be first considered in the engineering practice applications of wide area backup protection system. Wide are backup protection algorithm mainly use two kinds of wide area information to realize protection criterion, one is electrical quantity information, such as voltage, current, etc. Another one is protection action and circuit breaker information. The wide area backup protection algorithm based on electrical quantity information is mainly utilizing the significant change of electrical quantity to search fault component, and the primary means include current differential method of wide area multi-measuring points, the comparison method of calculation and measurement, the multiple statistics method. In this paper, a novel and effective association analysis of system failure in wide area backup protection system will be discussed carefully, and the analytical results are successful and reliable.

Fault Detection Based on Hierarchical Cluster Analysis in Wide Area Backup Protection System

In wide area backup protection of electric power systems, the prerequisite of protection device's accurate, fast and reliable performance is its corresponding fault type and fault location can be discriminated quickly and defined exactly. In our study, global information will be introduced into the backup protection system. By analyzing and computing real-time PMU measurements, basing on cluster analysis theory, we are using mainly hierarchical cluster analysis to search after the statistical laws of electrical quantities' marked changes. Then we carry out fast and exact detection of fault components and fault sections, and finally accomplish fault isolation. The facts show that the fault detection of fault component (fault section) can be performed successfully by hierarchical cluster analysis and calculation. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis are accurate and reliable, and the dendrograms of hierarchical cluster analysis are in intuition.

The Modeling and Verification of Peer-to-Peer Negotiating Multiagent Colored Petri Nets for Wide-Area Backup Protection

This paper focuses on the modeling and verification of a peer-to-peer wide-area backup protection (WABP) system. Agents located in a number of substation intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) negotiate on a peer, or equal, basis. The agent-based wide-area backup protection scheme is able to find power-line faults and protection misoperations. A wide-area communication network based on IP technology is used to transmit shared information among the agents. A novel agent-oriented peer-to-peer negotiating colored Petri net (AOPCPN) is proposed to implement the WABP system. The algorithms, design, and dynamic behavior of the WABP is evaluated in a simulated environment to demonstrate its benefits. The article begins by presenting the generic AOPCPN architecture and its formal definition. The AOPCPN model for the WABP multiagent system is evaluated according to one algorithm, which is detailed in this article. The WABP agent's autonomy, cooperation, parallel operation, and robustness are embodied in modules in order to ease the software engineering challenges in implementing and maintaining the agents. Three example scenarios illustrate the effectiveness of the Petri net model and its ability to dynamically respond to WABP misoperations and fault conditions.