White Morning Research Articles

Gertrude Atherton’s WWI Propaganda to the Home Front: Mrs. Balfame, The Living Present and The White Morning

Abstract Gertrude Atherton’s Mrs. Balfame (1916), The Living Present (1917) and The White Morning (1918) address the home front audience about the war front of World War I. Atherton chronicles American political transition from isolationism to new internationalism with her pro-Ally and pro-American agenda. In her novel Mrs. Balfame, Atherton reflects political polarization in American society during the U. S. neutrality and anti-German stance, referring to the impacts of war reports on public opinion. The Living Present underlines French women’s wartime services on the home front and transatlantic collaboration through Atherton’s recollections. In her novel The White Morning, German women’s suffering and sense of duty gradually carry them to the war front with women’s revolution that brings their war to an end with Prussian militarism and patriarchal oppression. Thus, Atherton’s propaganda literature encourages women’s political awareness and wartime mobilization for their postwar progress and demands as citizens.

Construction of transgenic Ipomoea obscura that exhibits new reddish leaf and flower colors due to introduction of β-carotene ketolase and hydroxylase genes.

Ipomoea obscura, small white morning glory, is an ornamental plant belonging to the family Convolvulaceae, and cultivated worldwide. I. obscura generates white petals including a pale-yellow colored star-shaped center (flower vein). Its fully opened flowers were known to accumulate trace amounts of carotenoids such as β-carotene. In the present study, the embryogenic calli of I. obscura, were successfully produced through its immature embryo culture, and co-cultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the β-carotene 4,4'-ketolase (crtW) and β-carotene 3,3'-hydroxylase (crtZ) genes for astaxanthin biosynthesis in addition to the isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (idi) and hygromycin resistance genes. Transgenic plants, in which these four genes were introduced, were regenerated from the infected calli. They generated bronze (reddish green) leaves and novel petals that exhibited a color change from pale-yellow to pale-orange in the star-shaped center part. Especially, the color of their withered leaves changed drastically. HPLC-PDA-MS analysis showed that the expanded leaves of a transgenic line (T0) produced astaxanthin (5.2% of total carotenoids), adonirubin (3.9%), canthaxanthin (3.8%), and 3-hydroxyechinenone (3.6%), which indicated that these ketocarotenoids corresponded to 16.5% of the total carotenoids produced there (530 µg g-1 fresh weight). Furthermore, the altered traits of the transgenic plants were found to be inherited to their progenies by self-crossing.

Early-flowering Colored Calla Lily Cultivar ‘White Morning’ with Small Flower

Early-flowering Colored Calla Lily Cultivar ‘White Morning’ with Small Flower

“Tulips on Dunghills”: Regendering the Georgic in Barrett Browning’s Aurora Leigh

Of the mutual admiration she shares with her brother Edward, referred to as Elizabeth Barrett Browning claims, Our minds our souls are united by the same opinions, the same interests! ... If there be any tie stronger than these, know not of it!; later in the same essay she writes, Let those who have perused together the Roman & Greek Classics, and who have together resisted difficulties of style & language decide whether or not our attachment be founded on folly--! (1) And yet despite her claim to their identical interests and opinion, we learn that their devotion was at the same time in many ways kept alive by a tension founded in their differences. Elizabeth again: I am not content till excel; but Bro is satisfied with mediocrity--! ... My imagination is perhaps exalted & glowing than my dear Bro's but in judgement he infinitely surpasses me! His abilities are more solid & profound, hers more refined & dazzling; she prefers literature Poetry Metaphysics & fanciful philosophy, he, the sober reasoning of the Historian (Correspondence, 1:357). As will suggest, the interplay between these factors--including their differences of character as reflected in her reading of the Classics--serves as touchstone for my reading of Barrett Browning's poem Aurora Leigh, particularly as it is nuanced by her sense of genre and of gender. This convergence of factors is developed in her letter to Hugh Stuart Boyd, one of Barrett Browning's great intellectual companions, where she confesses her failure to appreciate Virgil (I have tried hard to like olives & the Aeneid upon principle--and could succeed on neither point) in contrast to her love of Homer (Critics who think it necessary to compare Virgil & Homer [they may as well compare the with the mountain!) after delivering up the praise of judgement to are graciously pleased to leave the fire with Homer). (2) Virgil is the mouse here, Homer the mountain; Virgil judgement, Homer fire. Virgil's character traits here she attributes to Bro, and likewise Homer's to herself. As such, Bro, reflecting the Roman, is rational, reflective, moderate, and judicious, while she, the Greek, is imaginative, inspired, enthusiastic, and ardent. Elsewhere in her essay, On Ancient and Modern Literature, the contrast is hyperbolized between the plagiarist Virgil, and the sublime conceptions of Homer the father of the lyre. (3) Browning, claim, invokes these distinctions in Aurora Leigh in order for Aurora to cultivate her own aesthetic, drawing from each perspective and regendering both as feminine. so doing, she appropriates Virgil's georgic, infuses it with the ardent enthusiasm of her Homer, and uses it, finally, to critique Romney's Virgil. As such, she challenges masculinist Greek and Roman views of history and offers instead a history inspired by her own vision, one anticipating Kevis Goodman's recently developed sense of modernity in Georgic Modernity and British Romanticism. (4) Echoing the Virgilian georgic themes in her poem, she transforms conventional georgic roots in agricultural labor to include both tending the soil and also tending social ills, human relationships, and words themselves. While still young and living with her English aunt, Aurora the aspiring poet famously decides to crown herself with some headlong ivy, rationalizing that she may In sport, not pride ... learn the feel of it, / Before my brows be numb as Dante's own. (5) She is interrupted by her cousin Romney who reminds her that women Scarce need be poets, and warns her to Keep to the green wreath, / Since even dreaming of the stone and bronze / Brings headaches, pretty cousin, and defiles / The clean white morning dresses (2.93, 93-96). Her response: I perceive / The headache is too noble for my sex. / You think the heartache would sound decenter, / Since that's the woman's special, proper ache (2. …

An hour of bright white light in the early morning improves performance and advances sleep and circadian phase during the Antarctic winter

Previous work has demonstrated that exposure to an hour of bright light in the morning and the evening during the Polar winter has beneficial effects on circadian phase. This study investigated the effect of a single hour of bright white morning light on circadian phase, sleep, alertness and cognitive performance. Nine individuals (eight male, one female, median age 30years), wintering at Halley Research Station (75°S), Antarctica from 7th May until 6th August 2007, were exposed to bright white light for a fortnight from 08:30 to 09:30h, with two fortnight control periods on either side. This sequence was performed twice, before and following Midwinter. Light exposure, sleep and alertness were assessed daily by actigraphy, sleep diaries and subjective visual analogue scales. Circadian phase (assessed by urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin rhythm) and cognitive performance were evaluated at the end of each fortnight. During light exposure circadian phase was advanced from 4.97±0.96 decimal hours (dh) (mean±SD) to 4.08±0.68dh (p=0.003). Wake-up time was shifted by a similar margin from 8.45±1.83dh to 7.59±0.78dh (p<0.001). Sleep start time was also advanced (p=0.047) but by a lesser amount, consequently, actual sleep time was slightly reduced. There was no change in objective or subjective measures of sleep quality or subjective measures of alertness. An improvement in cognitive performance was found with both the Single Letter Cancellation Test (p<0.001) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (p=0.026) with preserved circadian variation. These beneficial effects of a single short duration light treatment may have implications not only for the Antarctic but other remote environments where access to natural light and delayed circadian phase, is problematic. These results require validation in larger studies at varying locations.

War as Feminist Utopia in Dorothy Canfield Fisher’s Home Fires in France and Gertrude Atherton’s The White Morning

War as Feminist Utopia in Dorothy Canfield Fisher’s Home Fires in France and Gertrude Atherton’s The White Morning

Neuroendocrine effects of light therapy in late luteal phase dysphoric disorder

In 20 late luteal phase dysphoric disorder (LLPDD) and in 11 normal control (NC) subjects, circadian profiles of cortisol, prolactin, thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH), and core body temperature were measured during midfollicular (MF) and late luteal (LL) menstrual cycle phases and after 1 week of light therapy either with (1) bright (τ2500 lux) white morning (6:30 am to 8:30 am), (2) bright white evening (7 pm to 9 pm) or (3) dim (<10 lux) red evening light, randomly administered in three separate luteal phases. In NC but not PMDD subjects, the cortisol peak significantly delayed in the LL compared with the MF phase. In PMDD, prolactin peak and amplitude were higher, prolactin acrophase earlier, and temperature amplitude higher during both the MF and LL phases. After light treatment, prolactin amplitude remained higher in LLPDD than in controls. In both groups, bright light shifted the cortisol acrophase, and am light increased the prolactin nadir. Bright pm light increased the TSH nadir in LLPDD, but decreased it in controls. Thus, menstrual cycle phase, diagnosis, and light therapy may differentially affect neuroendocrine systems.

Differential Reduction in Symptoms of Late Luteal Phase Dysphoric Disorder as a Function of Light Therapy

ABSTRACT The effect of bright white morning light, bright white evening light, and dim red evening light therapy on specific types of symptoms associated with late luteal phase dysphoric disorder (LLPDD) was examined using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Beck Depression Inventory, and a questionnaire assessing atypical depressive symptoms. Fourteen women were assigned to a randomized, crossover trial involving light administered during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle across 3 intervention months. A reduction of some but not all LLPDD symptoms was observed following light exposure as a function of light intensity and time of exposure. Specifically, general depressive symptoms [as measured by self-report (Beck Depression Inventory) and semistructured interview (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression)] as well as atypical, seasonal-type symptom ratings of LLPDD decreased after bright white morning, bright white evening, and dim red evening light treatments. Melancholic symptoms of LL...

Light therapy of late luteal phase dysphoric disorder: an extended study

Nineteen patients with late luteal phase dysphoric disorder (LLPDD) and 11 healthy comparison subjects underwent a 3-month crossover trial of bright (more than 2500 lux) white morning, bright white evening, and placebo dim (less than 10 lux) red evening light, administered daily for 1 week during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle. All light treatments significantly reduced depressive ratings from baseline levels.