The recent monkeypox outbreak is garnering attention, but early warning and treatment mechanisms are lacking. Owing to its rapid spread and high death rate, monkeypox must be prevented and controlled immediately. An advanced early warning system for monkeypox prevention and control is provided through aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen)-active monitoring and precision photodynamic therapy (PDT). This system are developed by combining a sprayable AIE@LD with a commercial liquid dressing (LD) and a pyridine-substituted benzothiadiazole derivative possessing AIEgen properties. In vivo tests revealed that 1 min of low-power white light PDT at 5mWcm- 2 promoted viral eradication and lesion healing within one week. The system comprises dual optical channels that incorporate smartphone image recognition software and a cloud platform, combining image analysis, data transmission, infection monitoring, and PDT to provide a comprehensive solution for detecting, monitoring, treating, and interrupting the transmission of monkeypox. This system can considerably reduce the medical burden of monkeypox epidemics and provide innovative ideas and technological assistance for intelligent prevention and management.

Vitiligo is a condition characterized by the loss of pigmentation in certain areas of the body. It occurs when pigment-producing cells, called melanocytes, die or stop producing melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. This loss of pigmentation can affect any part of the body, including the lips, hair, and eyes. In the eyes, individuals with vitiligo may present a reduction or absence of pigmentation in the protective pigmentary layer, thereby increasing their susceptibility to light exposure, which raises the question of how does light pollution may affect the vision of individuals with vitiligo. This review examines the intersection between light pollution from light emitting diode (LED) sources and vitiligo, highlighting experimental findings from adult albino rats as a model of ocular depigmentation, exposed to white LED light. We discuss the biological mechanisms of retinal vulnerability in the absence of melanin and the implications for understanding sub-clinical retinal changes in individuals with vitiligo.

Ultrashort pulse lasers are currently used in a variety of applications, including laser eye surgery. The 2022 revision to the American National Standards Institute laser safety standards includes maximum permissible exposures for pulses as short as 100 femtoseconds at ultraviolet, visible, and infrared wavelengths. However, the ocular laser safety standards do not consider nonlinear optical effects resulting from the interaction of ocular tissues with femtosecond pulses. The generation of broadband white light, or supercontinuum, is one example of a nonlinear optical effect resulting from the interaction of a femtosecond pulse with water. We have demonstrated supercontinuum generation within the eye of anesthetized porcine subjects and reported the median effective dose for laser-induced in vivo retinal damage from the supercontinuum generated by single femtosecond pulses at central wavelengths of 1325 and 1350 nm. We used a single near-infrared femtosecond pulse to determine the pulse energies that generated a supercontinuum within the eye and resulted in retinal alterations. We are now in a position to report our result for 1375 nm and on the histological analysis of the injuries. The results of this study will inform the laser safety standards’ community about hazards to the eye due to the supercontinuum generated by nonlinear effects in the aqueous media of the eye.

Much of a solar flare's energy is thought to be released in the continuum. The optical continuum, white light (WL), is of special interest since it can be observed from the ground. We aim to investigate the prevalence of WL emissions in simulations of purely electron beam-driven solar flares, what determines the occurrence of these enhancements, and the underlying causes. We utilized the F-CHROMA grid of flare simulations created using the radiative hydrodynamics code . We probed the spectral index, total energy, and low-energy cutoff to draw conclusions about their relationships to the WL intensity. Furthermore, we calculated the 6684 Å continuum intensities as well as the Balmer and the Paschen ratios. Finally, we analyzed two particular cases, one with a high 6684 Å intensity and one with a large Balmer ratio, to determine the dominant mechanisms in these simulations. RADYN Of the 84 flares included in the F-CHROMA grid, 33 show WL intensity enhancements that exceed 0.1% relative to the pre-flare level. We conclude that with the parameters presented in the F-CHROMA grid, purely electron beam-driven simulations of solar flares are not able to reproduce observed WL enhancements, as the maximum enhancements in the grid are below 4%, which is significantly lower than observational values. The total energy (which is correlated with the maximum beam flux) is the main factor for deciding whether excess WL emissions will be detectable or not. There is a linear relationship between the Balmer (and Paschen) ratio and the relative continuum increase. Both case studies show that during the time of maximum WL excess, hydrogen ionization and subsequent recombination in an optically thin medium is the dominant mechanism for WL continuum emission enhancements in these electron beam-driven atmospheres. Increased H- emission in the photosphere, as a result of radiative backwarming, becomes dominant during the declining phase of WL emissions in both case studies. We confirm the inability to reproduce the characteristics of type II WL flares, namely, the appearance of photospheric continuum enhancements without prior chromospheric emission increases and the lack of a clear Balmer jump, with the F-CHROMA grid.

Artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts natural light–dark cycles and affects the behaviour, navigation, and activity of nocturnal pollinators. These disruptions reduce flower visitation and pollination efficiency, weakening reproductive success in night-blooming plants and threatening ecosystem stability. A structured literature review was conducted using Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Studies focusing on ALAN’s behavioural, ecological, and pollination-related impacts on nocturnal pollinators were selected and synthesised. ALAN causes behavioural disorientation, altered foraging, and reduced pollen transfer in moths, beetles, bats, and nocturnal bees. White and green lights are most disruptive, leading to up to 62% declines in nocturnal visits and reduced fruit set. Long-term exposure contributes to declines in nocturnal pollinator diversity and reduced yields in crops dependent on night pollination. ALAN is an emerging global threat to pollination services. Mitigation through warm-spectrum lighting, reduced illumination, and ecological light management is essential to conserve nocturnal pollinators, maintain biodiversity, and support ecosystem and agricultural resilience.

This article investigates the white light emission characteristics of a composite material made from Coumarin 102 and Rhodamine 6 G, encapsulated in a porous nano-silica matrix enhanced by a hydrophobic coating and polymer layer. The composite exhibits complementary blue and yellow emissions, resulting in bright white light production. Electron microscopy indicates ∼70 nm particle formation with a surface area of ∼112 m2/g. Upon excitation with a 405 nm LED, chromaticity coordinates were measured at (0.35, 0.33). Time-resolved emission spectroscopy revealed radiative decay times of ∼4.3 ns for C102 and ∼4.8 ns for Rh6G, dependent on concentration. Thermal stability was assessed from 273 K to 325 K. The synthesized materials were also tested as coatings on blue LEDs for white light emission and latent fingerprint detection. Detailed photophysics and analyses are discussed in the article.

Background. Currently, advanced endoscopic imaging techniques allow obtaining highly detailed images previously unavailable for white light endoscopy, but the operator-dependent nature of their interpretation is an obstacle to their successful application in practice. The development of standardized criteria using computer technology and simplification of classification systems will reduce the impact of the learning curve of an endoscopist, as well as consolidate the results obtained and evaluate the effectiveness of a single option in numerical values. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of blue light imaging technology in gastroesophageal junction pathology. Materials and methods. The study included 100 patients who underwent video esophagogastroduodenoscopy using blue light imaging and targeted biopsy. The color contrast of the BLI mode and examination in white light findings were compared. Results. The study revealed samples of hyperplasia, intestinal and gastric metaplasia of the esophagus combined with inflammation. Conclusions. Based on the conducted study, it can be stated that BLI, used as an additional mode in standard esophagogastroduodenoscopy, has a high color contrast, which can be helpful in the diagnosis of hyperplasia and other epithelial abnormalities of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Bladder cancer diagnosis relies on cystoscopy and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) for histopathological evaluation, but this process is time consuming, costly, and subject to variability. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers real-time, high-resolution imaging as a potential alternative. This study primarily aims to assess the feasibility of capturing in vivo cross-sectional images of the bladder wall using a novel microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based OCT catheter. Secondary objectives include evaluating measurement duration, assessing tumor stage and grade from OCT images in comparison with histopathology, determining the catheter's ability to image resection beds, and comparing OCT-based tumor staging with white light cystoscopy assessments. This single-center feasibility study at Amsterdam University Medical Center includes patients undergoing TURBT for suspected bladder tumors. Eligible patients must be aged 18 years or older, have at least 1 cystoscopically accessible tumor, and must be physically fit for TURBT. Exclusion criteria include pregnancy, tumors larger than 2 cm, more than 5 tumors, isolated flat lesions, or tumors solely at the bladder neck. The primary end point assesses the procedural feasibility of OCT imaging, while the secondary end points evaluate tumor staging, grading, and correlation with histopathology. Up to 25 patients will be enrolled, with feasibility achieved if diagnostic images are obtained in more than 60% of the cases. OCT imaging is performed before and after tumor resection, with histopathological results used for comparison. Patients will be monitored for adverse events for 4 weeks after the procedure, after which study participation ends. As of November 2025, 16 participants have been enrolled, and 13 have successfully completed the study procedure. The projected end date of the study is November 2025, and results are expected to be published in March 2026. This study is expected to provide key insights into the feasibility and clinical utility of the newly developed MEMS-based forward-looking OCT system for real-time bladder imaging during TURBT. This study will lay the groundwork for a larger trial to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy in staging and grading bladder cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06679920; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06679920. DERR1-10.2196/76644.

The novel double-balloon enteroscope (DBE), EN-840T, is the first DBE system to incorporate image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) technologies, such as blue laser imaging (BLI) and linked color imaging (LCI). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of IEE in improving the visibility of small-bowel lesions using EN-840T. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 49 patients with 120 lesions who underwent double-balloon enteroscopy using EN-840T between March and June 2024. Lesion visibility and color differences were compared among BLI, LCI, and white light imaging (WLI). Five physicians assessed lesion visibility by assigning scores. Additionally, color differences between normal mucosa and the patchy reddish lesions <5 mm in diameter, including angioectasia and erythema, were calculated for each IEE and WLI image. The primary and secondary outcomes were the visibility of small-bowel lesions on IEE and the color differences in these lesions, respectively. Lesions were classified as inflammatory (n = 71), tumorous (n = 39), and vascular (n = 10). LCI improved lesion visibility by 75% (53/71) for inflammatory lesions, 72% (28/39) for tumorous lesions, and 80% (8/10) for vascular lesions compared with WLI. Furthermore, the mean color difference (mean ± SD) of reddish lesions was significantly greater in LCI than in WLI for both angioectasia (25.2 ± 1.83 vs. 20.6 ± 2.14 [P < 0.001]) and erythema (25.3 ± 2.25 vs. 19.8 ± 1.82 [P < 0.001]). IEE using EN-840T enhanced the visibility of small-bowel lesions. Specifically, LCI improved lesion visibility and may contribute to detecting small lesions.

Light conditions and cold induced changes in the expression of Solanum tuberosum L. ω3-desaturase genes.

Electrospun perovskite quantum dots-based Janus microribbons film with white light and multicolor luminescence for optical data storage and anti-counterfeiting.

Synergistic inactivation and mechanism of thermally enhanced photodynamic treatment with germinant against Bacillus altitudinis and Bacillus safensis spores.

Microstructural characteristics and mechanisms underlying dynamic light adaptation in the compound eyes of Exolontha castanea (Coleoptera: Melolonthinae).

Papillae growth and molecular responses in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) exposed to light spectra.

An automated high-throughput platform reveals chromatic phototactic disruption in Daphnia magna exposed to the UV filters benzophenone-3 and octocrylene.

All-inorganic metal halide perovskite materials exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), broad emission bands, and tunable luminescence-attributes that confer great potential for white light applications. However, reports on Cd-based perovskites for efficient white light emission remain scarce. Here, the hydrothermal synthesis of Pb2+/Mn2+ co-doped Rb3Cd2Cl7 perovskite crystals, in which the substitutions of Cd2+ by Pb2+ or Mn2+ form the luminescent centers of [PbCl6]4- and [MnCl6]4- for white emission, is reported. Doping with Pb2+ enables a deep-blue emission at 443 nm with anti-thermal quenching and a maximum PLQY of 58.58%, attributed to the formation of confined exciton (CE) around [PbCl6]4-. Concurrently, Mn²⁺ ion doping induces energy transfer toward intrinsic self-trapped exciton (STE) states to [MnCl6]4-, yielding intense yellow emission at 588 nm with a maximum PLQY of 137.79%. This emission is attributed to the intrinsic Cd-related self-trapped excitons (STEs), combined with the generation of local exciton magnetic polarons (LEMPs) through ferromagnetic Mn2+-Mn2+ interactions, via assistance of the coupling with the 245.3 cm⁻¹ phonon mode in Rb3Cd2Cl7: Mn2+. The co-emission of PbCE and LEMP, from the interaction of Pb2+ and Mn2+ centers, achieved a PLQY of 75.4% for white light emission. The phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) exhibit an excellent color rendering index (CRI) of 94.1, which is exceptional among recent devices compared to those based on Cd. This underscores its potential for significant applications in the optoelectronic field and offers a new alternative material for perovskite blue and white light-emitting diodes (Pe-LEDs).

Zephyranthes tubispatha is an Amaryllidaceae species with high ornamental potential, whose seed dispersal coincides with periods of high temperatures (HTs) and long photoperiods. While supraoptimal temperatures (&gt;28 °C) have been shown to induce thermoinhibition, the effect of light on germination dynamics has not yet been explored. The aim was to study the effect of different exposure times to white light (WL) and different light qualities, as well as the interaction with HT, on seed germination. Changes in the endogenous levels of several phytohormones, responses to pharmacological treatments, and O2.− production in the embryo were analyzed to gain an understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms. Our results suggest the presence of a negative photoblastic response of the high-irradiance (HIR) type. Fluridone (an ABA synthesis inhibitor) restored germination in light-exposed seeds to levels close to the dark control, highlighting the importance of ABA content for photoinhibition. The preincubation period at HT (33 °C) significantly influenced germination behavior and photosensitivity at optimal temperature (20 °C). Thermoinhibition depends on changes in phytohormone balance and/or sensitivity, rather than on their absolute concentration. Unlike thermoinhibition, photoinhibition was not associated with the suppression of O2.− production in the embryonic root pole, confirming that these environmental signals utilize different regulatory pathways.

White LED light affects flavor and nutritional quality of harvested apricot fruit

White light emission from Dy3+ ion doped boro-tellurite glass potential for optical and thermoluminescence material applications

Enhanced accuracy in surface profile reconstruction in white light interferometry using the BM3D algorithm in conjunction with fast Fourier transform