White Breed Research Articles

Hranidbena i mesna svojstva mladih svinja različitog intenziteta formiranja u ranoj ontogenezi i unutarpasminske diferencijacije prema genu za melanokortin 4 (Mc4r) receptor

The aim of this study was to investigate young pig fattening and meat quality due to the varying formation intensities in early on- togenesis and two genotypes based on the mel- anocortin receptor 4 (Mc4r) gene. To calculate the correlations between traits and the econom- ic efficiency of using animals of experimental groups in industrial complex conditions, the assessment of animals for fattening and meat quality examined the following characteris- tics: average daily live weight gain during the control fattening period in grams; age of reaching 100 kg live weight in days, chilled car- cass length in centimetres; length of the bacon half of the cooled carcass in centimetres; lard thickness at the thoracic vertebrae T6-T7 in millimetres. Further, the biometric processing of research results and calculation of the eco- nomic efficiency was performed. Young pigs of the controlled population met the requirements of the 1st class and the elite class for fattening and meat qualities. In examining the interbreed differentiation of large white breed animals, the melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r) gene determined that the Mc4rAG genotype outperformed the Mc4r AA genotype for average daily live weight gain, age at live weight of 100 kg, lard thickness at T6-T7, and chilled carcass length by an average of 4.50%. The difference between groups for the Tyler B's index was 11.82 points, and according to the average daily increase in live weight, the disparity between young pigs of interbreed differentiation according to the formation intensity index was 4.69%, the age of reaching 100 kg live weight was 3.10%, and the chilled carcass length was 1.23%. The num- ber of reliable connections between fattening and meat qualities, and the formation inten- sity and Tyler B indices was 75.0%, indicating their promise for use in selection and breeding work. The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from young pigs of the Mc4r AG genotype (+2.71%) and of group I, in which the formation intensity index ranged from 0.935 to 1.087 points (+2.65%).

The influence of genotype and feeding level of gilts on their further reproductive performance

Since the efficiency of pig breeding largely depends on the reproductive ability of sows, one of the promising areas of research in animal husbandry is the study of factors whose correction can improve the fertility and quality of the offspring. Our work purpose was to investigate the effect of gilts’ feeding level, MC4R genotype and interaction of these factors on the reproductive traits pigs after reaching puberty. The object of the study was crossbred pigs obtained as a result of the combination of sows of the Large White breed with boars of the Landrace breed. To carry out the research, the animals were divided into four groups that differed among themselves by the genotype of the melanocortin 4 receptor gene and the level of feeding of the experimental animals. To determine the genotype, the PCR-RFLP method was utilized. Genetic studies were conducted in a certified laboratory of the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agroindustrial Production. The reproductive capacity of the pigs was determined after receiving the farrowing by the following traits: piglets born alive per farrowing (animals), weight of litters of piglets at birth (kg), average weight of piglet at birth (kg), number of weaning piglets (animals), weight of litters of piglets at 28 days (kg), average weight of piglet at 28 days (kg), average daily gain of suckling piglets from 0 to 28 days (g). It was established that the traits of reproductive ability of crossbred Large White × Landrace pigs were affected by the interaction of genotype and feeding factors. When limiting the nutritional value of the daily diet, sows with the AG genotype outperformed those with the GG genotype by 1.2 piglets born alive per farrowing, by 3.0 kg for litter weight at birth, and by 0.1 kg for the average weight of a piglet at birth. The advantage of the AG genotype for average piglet weight at 28 days was even larger. Conversely, in conditions of a high level of feeding, animals with the GG genotype had higher productivity in terms of such traits as piglets born alive per farrowing – by 1.6 animals; weight of litters of piglets at birth – by 4.1 kg; for average weight of piglet at birth – 0.2 kg; by number of weaning piglets – 2.0 animals; by weight of litters of piglets at 28 days – 28.8 kg; for average weight of piglet at 28 days – 1.1 kg and for average daily gain from 0 to 28 days – 34.6 g. In the future, the goal is to develop a system of differentiated rationing of pigs' diets depending on their genotype.

Duration and efficiency of lifetime use of cows of different genotypes according to beta-casein

The article examines the peculiarities of the duration and efficiency of the use of cows depending on the genotype of the cows for the beta-casein gene. Genotyping of 136 cows of Sumy intrabreed type of Ukrainian black and white dairy breed and Ukrainian brown dairy breed, which are kept in the breeding farms of the State Enterprise «Research Farm of the Institute of Agriculture of Northern East of NAAS» of Sumy district of Sumy region, was carried out. In order to determine the polymorphism of the beta-casein gene, genetic studies were carried out in the laboratory of the Institute of Physiology n.a. Bogomolets of NAS with the help of molecular biological analysis of allele recognition by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time. The duration and efficiency of the use of cows was determined with the help of generally accepted methods, using the electronic database of SUMS «Orsek» of breeding farms. An interbreed differentiation according to the share of abandoned animals was established. Among the genotyped cows of Ukrainian black and white dairy breed - 37 % were eliminated, and 46 % - of Ukrainian brown dairy breed. Most of the animals that were eliminated among Ukrainian black and white dairy breed were animals with the A2A2 genotype (47 %), and Ukrainian brown dairy breed - A1A1 (67 %). Cows of Ukrainian black and white dairy breed with the A1A2 genotype had a longer average period of life, economic use and lactation compared to animals of other genotypes. In terms of lifetime productivity, cows with the A2A2 genotype prevailed. The average values of milk yield per day of life, economic use and lactation were higher in animals with the A1A1 genotype. At the same time, the difference was not statistically significant. On the contrary, cows of Ukrainian brown dairy breed with the A2A2 genotype had a longer average period of life, economic use and lactation. They prevailed in indicators of lifetime productivity, milk yield per day of life, per day of economic use and lactation of animals with other genotypes, with a statistically insignificant difference. Accordingly, the formation of a herd of animals with the A2A2 genotype for beta-casein will allow to preserve the indicators of the duration and efficiency of the lifelong use of Ukrainian black and white and brown dairy breed cows. The obtained results are preliminary, which is due to the small number of experimental livestock. Therefore, we believe that research should be continued. Key words: genotype, beta-casein, life expectancy, lifetime productivity, coefficient of economic use.

Evaluation of meat qualities of crossbred young pigs of different breeding

Relevance. To ensure the profitability of production, it is necessary to use certain schemes for crossing pigs of different breeds. Since the choice of the correct crossing scheme can significantly affect the final result. Crossbred animals, due to the effect of heterosis, are superior in productive qualities to the original maternal and paternal breeds. The paper presents an assessment of the meat qualities of local young pigs obtained as a result of industrial three-breed crossing.Methods. To implement the scientific and economic experience, three groups of sows of pairs-analogues of a large white breed from the company Hypor (KB Hypor) were formed. Sows of the 1st group were crossed with boars of the Landrace breed from PIC (Landrace Pic), the 2nd — with boars of the Landrace breed from Genesus Genetics (Landrace Genesus), the 3rd — with boars of the Landrace breed from Hypor (Landrace Hypor), as a result, two-breed crossbreeds (F1) were obtained. Further, the obtained crossbred sows (F1) of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups were crossed with boars of the Duroc breed from Genesus Genetics, as a result, they received commercial young (F2).Results. The highest pre-slaughter live weight was obtained from animals of the 1st group (125.12 kg). This is more than in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, respectively, by 5.8% and 4.0%. Significantly, the highest slaughter weight was in the 1st group (93.51 kg), and the lowest — in the 2nd (87.8 kg). Most of the meat was obtained from animals of the 1st group — 62.85 kg (p ≤ 0.05). This is higher than in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, respectively, by 8.2% and 5.9%.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND AMINO ACID PROFILE OF GOOSE MEAT (UKRAINIAN LARGE GRAY AND LARGE WHITE BREEDS) IN SEMI-INTENSIVE SYSTEM OF GROWING

Large gray and Large white geese breeds were created in Ukraine and are widespread. At the same time, the nutritional value of their meat is insufficiently studied. Therefore, this work aimed to study and compare the chemical composition and amino acid profile of the muscles of the chest and thighs of geese of these breeds in semi-intensive growing. The study used 20 heads of geese of both sexes of the Large gray and Large white breeds, which were raised under similar housing and feeding conditions. Muscle samples were analyzed following current regulations in Ukraine, harmonized with relevant international standards. Studies have shown no significant differences in the muscle content of males and females of these breeds in terms of moisture, protein and ash, but a more significant difference in fat content was observed. In the thighs of females of Large gray geese fat content was higher than in the thighs of males of this breed by 0.29% (P<0.05). At the same time, in females of the Large white breed, on the contrary, higher fat content than in males (by 0.27%) was observed in the chest muscles (P<0.05). The chest muscles of both males and females of both breeds had more moisture and more crude protein than the thigh muscles. In contrast, the thigh muscles had a higher fat content (P<0.05). As for protein, the muscles of the chest and thighs contained all the essential amino acids. However, the amino acid profile of male and female proteins of the same type in different muscle types, both within one breed and between breeds, differed slightly in the content of some amino acids, with the statistically reliable (P<0.05) difference in some of them. Comparison of the amino acid profile of chest and thigh muscle proteins of both breeds of geese with the reference protein (FAO/WHO, 2013), showed that the muscle protein of geese of Large gray and Large white breeds contains a sufficient amount of all essential amino acids. The essential amino acid indices of the chest and thigh muscle proteins were similar for both breeds and were approximately 1.8-fold higher than the reference protein index. These data indicate the high nutritional value of meat of both goose breeds and the feasibility of their further use for meat production in Ukraine.

Monitoring of indicators of chromatin status in quails ovarian follicles granulosa cells of different directions of productivity

Relevance. Identification and analysis of the reasons for reducing egg productivity is an urgent problem in quail breeding. The aim of this study is to assess the destructive processes in the somatic cells in ovarian follicles (the level of apoptosis and pycnosis) of mature quail layers of different productivity in connection with egg production and quality indicators of eggs.Methods. In experiments, the level of apoptosis and pyknosis in granulosa cells of ovarian follicles of 3–8 mm females of Estonian, Manchurian, English white, tuxedo, English black and Pharaoh breeds was evaluated. The quails were kept in individual cages in monopreed pairs with a muted 14-hour light day. The age of the females was 160–180 days. The level of pycnotic cells was assessed by the Tarkowski cytological method, apoptotic processes were analyzed by staining with fluorochromes, propidium iodide and acridine orange (10 mcg/mlPI/AO).Results. chromatin. The results of the study of chromatin destruction using PI/AO showed a high average percentage of apoptotic cells in almost all breeds except thep < 0.05). The maximum proportion of dead granulosa cells was tested in Tuxedo and English Black layers (52% and 43% respectively). At the same time, the English white breed of quails at the age of 183 days has one of the best indicators of egg production and the proportion of yolk in relation to egg weight, which indicates the possibility of prolonging the period of their use as laying hens.

Comparison of two multi-trait association testing methods and sequence-based fine mapping of six additive QTL in Swiss Large White pigs

BackgroundGenetic correlations between complex traits suggest that pleiotropic variants contribute to trait variation. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) aim to uncover the genetic underpinnings of traits. Multivariate association testing and the meta-analysis of summary statistics from single-trait GWAS enable detecting variants associated with multiple phenotypes. In this study, we used array-derived genotypes and phenotypes for 24 reproduction, production, and conformation traits to explore differences between the two methods and used imputed sequence variant genotypes to fine-map six quantitative trait loci (QTL).ResultsWe considered genotypes at 44,733 SNPs for 5,753 pigs from the Swiss Large White breed that had deregressed breeding values for 24 traits. Single-trait association analyses revealed eleven QTL that affected 15 traits. Multi-trait association testing and the meta-analysis of the single-trait GWAS revealed between 3 and 6 QTL, respectively, in three groups of traits. The multi-trait methods revealed three loci that were not detected in the single-trait GWAS. Four QTL that were identified in the single-trait GWAS, remained undetected in the multi-trait analyses. To pinpoint candidate causal variants for the QTL, we imputed the array-derived genotypes to the sequence level using a sequenced reference panel consisting of 421 pigs. This approach provided genotypes at 16 million imputed sequence variants with a mean accuracy of imputation of 0.94. The fine-mapping of six QTL with imputed sequence variant genotypes revealed four previously proposed causal mutations among the top variants.ConclusionsOur findings in a medium-size cohort of pigs suggest that multivariate association testing and the meta-analysis of summary statistics from single-trait GWAS provide very similar results. Although multi-trait association methods provide a useful overview of pleiotropic loci segregating in mapping populations, the investigation of single-trait association studies is still advised, as multi-trait methods may miss QTL that are uncovered in single-trait GWAS.

Identification of Polymorphism of the CSN2 Gene Encoding Beta-Casein in Ukrainian Black and White Breeds of Cattle

Identification of Polymorphism of the CSN2 Gene Encoding Beta-Casein in Ukrainian Black and White Breeds of Cattle

Determining the Fertility Characteristics of Iraqi Local Chickens by Studying the Variance in the Characteristics of Semen

The Iraqi local chicken is national wealth, so it is necessary to work on increasing knowledge of its fertilization capabilities. The current research aims to identify the local breeds that have fertility characteristics by studying the variance in semen quality and comparing it with some characteristics of the semen of other local breeds. Replicates of white breeds W, Black B, and striped BW were adopted at 60 weeks of age. Semen values according to the characteristics of colour, the volume of semen, number and concentration of sperm, percentage of abnormalities, live and dead sperm, and individual and collective motility. Semen colour for all breeds was pearly white, and there had been no big differences in the characteristics of semen size, sperm count, concentration, individual and collective motility, and percentage of dead sperm. While, the white and striped breeds significantly outperformed the black breed (P≤0.05) in the proportion of stay sperms. Black breed significantly outperformed the rest of the study breeds in the percentage of sperm abnormalities, as it turned out that the study breeds had good fertility characteristics compared to other local breeds.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE MOTHER AND FATHER COMPONENT, AND THE SEASON AND YEAR ON THE REPRODUCTION OF FEMALE TERMOND WHITE AND POPIELNO WHITE RABBITS

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the mother's and father's breed, as well as the season and year of littering, on the size of the litter born and reared as well as the birth weight of rabbits. The obtained litters for analysis came from the crossing of female Popielno White (n = 49) and Termonde White (n = 108) breeds with males of the breeds: Flemish Giant, California, New Zealand White, Popielno White and Termonde White. The females were allowed to mate for the first time at the age of 4.5 months. Four season of litter date were created: spring (MarchMay), summer (JuneAugust), autumn (SeptemberNovember) and winter (DecemberFebruary). The analysis of litters carried out in terms of the influence of the maternal component showed that the Termonde White does are characterized by a significantly larger litter size compared to the Popielno White rabbits. The Termonde White does were also characterised by a significantly larger weaned litter size compared to Popielno White does. Kits born to Termonde White doeses were significantly heavier than young born to Popielno White does. The breed of the sire had no significant influence on the size of the female's litter, the size of the weaned litter as well as the weight of the litter born. The significant difference between birth year were observed in the case of litter size born and weaned and born weight. The litter size born was differ between 2019 and 2020 year. When litter size weaned were analysed, the year 2020 and 2018 or 2019 were also differ significantly. The litters born and weaned in the spring and winter were larger than litters born in the litter size born was differed significantly between summer and spring or winter, summer and autumn.

Biological features of the formation of meat productivity of rabbits of chin-chilla breed depending on crossing with meat breeds

Rabbit breeding is a special branch of animal husbandry characterized by high fertility and growth intensity. The main way of intensification of rabbit farming involves such selection measures that adapt rabbit populations of keeping in industrial conditions, ensure high reproductive properties of female rabbits, preservation of rabbits in nests, high growth rate, fattening and meat qualities of animals. The research was conducted on the basis of the experimental rabbit farm of the Cherkasy Research Station of Bioresources of the National Academy of Sciences on the population of female chinchilla (Chinchilla) rabbits and males of the Gray giant rabbit (Gray giant rabbit), New Zealand white rabbit (New Zealand white rabbit) and young rabbits obtained from these three combinations. As the result of the conducted research, it was found that under the conditions of intensive production of rabbit meat, the reproductive qualities of female chinchilla rabbits in combination with males of the Gray giant and New Zealand white rabbits breeds increase, namely: high fertility – on 1.8–5.2 %; milk yield – on 1.8–7.4 %. The weight of the nest at weaning was probably (P < 0.001) higher in female rabbits of the combination Chinchilla x New Zealand white rabbit and was 5.29 ± 0.13 kg, which is 869 g more than the purebred peers of the chinchilla breed and 380 g more than the combination Chinchilla x Great giant rabbit. The best indicators of fattening and meat productivity were found in young rabbits of 1/2Chinchilla 1/2Gray giant rabbit and 1/2Chinchilla 1/2New Zealand white rabbit origin. The fattening indicators of the rabbits of these groups compared to the rabbits of the control group accordingly increased: live weight at 90 days of age – on 4.0 and 3.8 % (Р < 0.05); average daily increases – on 4.7 and 5.4 % (Р < 0.05; Р < 0.01); waist width – on 5.6 and 8.7 % (Р < 0.01). The research also revealed that the group of young rabbits 1/2Chinchilla 1/2New Zealand white rabbit by origin had a higher slaughter yield and the indicators of which exceeded and rabbits of the second group ( 1/2Chinchilla 1/2Gray giant rabbit on 3.6% and the first (Chinchilla) – on 4.1 %, and the expenses of feed per 1 kg of increase by group was 3.85 accordingly; 3.75; 3.7 kg. Crossbred rabbits 1/2Chinchilla 1/2New Zealand white rabbit and 1/2Chinchilla 1/2Gray giant rabbit according to this indicator prevailed over purebred peers (Chinchilla) on 2.6 and 3.9 %, accordingly.

Activity of blood serum enzymes and their relationship with feeding and meat qualities in young pigs of different intrageneric differentiation according to the “formation intensity” index

The article presents the study results of the activity of blood serum enzymes, fattening, and meat qualities of young pigs of the universal direction of productivity, considering their intrabreed differentiation according to the “formation intensity” index. It was established that the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood serum of young pigs of the large white breed corresponds to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals; by the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, the thickness of lard at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae and the length of the chilled carcass – I class and elite class. Taking into account the intrabreed differentiation of young pigs of the large white breed according to the “formation intensity” index, the animals of the experimental group I (∆ = 0.715–1.009) exceeded those of the same age as II (∆ = 1.011–1.356) in terms of average daily increase in live weight by 5.71%, age reaching a live weight of 100 kg – 1.28 %, fat thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae – 1.44 %. The pairwise correlation coefficient between biochemical indicators of blood serum and fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of the large white breed shows that this biometric indicator varies from -0.344 ± 0.1485 to +0.402 ± 0.1448. The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from young pigs of the first experimental group, in which the “formation intensity” index ranges from 0.715 to 1.009 points (+3.40 %). The criterion for selecting highly productive animals of the leading herd based on the absolute parameters of their offspring's fattening and meat qualities is their correspondence to the elite class, according to the “intensity of formation” index – 0.715–1.009 points

Investigations on the incidence of deafness in Van cats and its distribution by eye color

This study aims to demonstrate the incidence of deafness in Van cats and its distribution by eye color. A total of 300 Van cats aged between 2 months and 8 years were classified into three separate groups (equal in number) subjected to hearing tests using Clinical ABR (Auditory Brain Response) device. In this study, the incidence of deafness in Van cats was found to be 14.33%. Moreover, it was determined that deafness was not related to sex and hair length. Van cats with spots on their heads did not have deafness. The hearing thresholds showed that most Van cats had a very good level of hearing (0-10 dB nHL). The incidence of unilateral deafness was much lower in Van cats than it was in other white cat breeds. By means of this study, the breeding of the cats found to be deaf according to the results of ABR test will be prevented, and in this way we believe that the incidence of deafness in Van cats will decrease in future. This study is the first deafness study conducted in Van cats and it is worth to present as the findings of the study will shed light on future studies.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS OF BODY STRUCTURE AND EXTERIOR INDEX OF BULLS DIFFERENT DAIRY BREEDS

It was held a comprehensive study of animal exterior of Ukrainian black and white and red and white dairy breeds. By appropriate value of measurements, it was set indices of body structure of experimental animals. The bulls of Ukrainian black and white and red and white dairy breeds were the objects of the research, selected on the basis of counterparts. Researches on indexes of body and analysis of body measurements of bulls of Ukrainian black and redspotted dairy breeds shows that different indicators increased differently at different ages of animals. Comparative analysis of linear measurements of the exterior of bulls of Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed in the experimental farm and at all stages of development, dominated by bulls of Ukrainian black-spotted breed, which indicates a herd difference in favor of the former and exceed with a significant difference peers in all measurements body structure. Thus, the average body structure indexes of bulls of Ukrainian black-spotted and red-spotted dairy breeds are generally characteristic of dairy-type animals. The connecting variability between the measurements that make up the body structure indexes indicates the objective motivation for their use in assessing the exterior type of animals. The obtained highly reliable correlation between the measurements that form the indexes of body structure makes it possible for their further use in the breeding work of the herd.

Metabolite and Proteomic Profiling of Serum Reveals the Differences in Molecular Immunity between Min and Large White Pig Breeds.

Pig diseases seriously threaten the health of pigs and the benefits of pig production. Previous research has indicated that Chinese native pigs, such as the Min (M) pig, has a better disease resistance ability than Large White (LW) pigs. However, the molecular mechanism of this resistance is still unclear. In our study, we used serum untargeted metabolomics and proteomics, interrogated to characterize differences in the molecular immunities between six resistant and six susceptible pigs raised in the same environment. A total of 62 metabolites were identified as being significantly exhibited in M and LW pigs. Ensemble feature selection (EFS) machine learning methods were used to predict biomarkers of metabolites and proteins, and the top 30 were selected and retained. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) confirmed that four key metabolites, PC (18:1 (11 Z)/20:0), PC (14:0/P-18: 0), PC (18:3 (6 Z, 9 Z, 12 Z)/16:0), and PC (16:1 (9 Z)/22:2 (13 Z, 16 Z)), were significantly associated with phenotypes, such as cytokines, and different pig breeds. Correlation network analysis showed that 15 proteins were significantly correlated with the expression of both cytokines and unsaturated fatty acid metabolites. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) co-location analysis results showed that 13 of 15 proteins co-localized with immune or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-related QTL. Moreover, seven of them co-localized with both immune and PUFA QTLs, including proteasome 20S subunit beta 8 (PSMB8), mannose binding lectin 1 (MBL1), and interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP). These proteins may play important roles in regulating the production or metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids and immune factors. Most of the proteins could be validated with parallel reaction monitoring, which suggests that these proteins may play an essential role in producing or regulating unsaturated fatty acids and immune factors to cope with the adaptive immunity of different pig breeds. Our study provides a basis for further clarifying the disease resistance mechanism of pigs.

SIGNS OF FEEDING AND MEAT QUALITIES OF YOUNG PIGS OF DIVERSE INTERBREED DIFFERENTIATION ACCORDING TO THE EUROSOMY INDEX AND THEIR LEVEL OF DISCRETION

The article presents the results of the research on the fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of the large white breed of diverse interbreed differentiation due to the Eurosomy index and the analysis of the coefficients of discreteness of quantitative traits and the economic efficiency of their use in the conditions of the industrial complex. Evaluation of animals according to indicators of individual development, fattening, and meat qualities were carried out taking into account the following characteristics: live weight of young pigs on the last day of control fattening, kg; body length, cm; chest circumference behind the shoulder blades, cm; average daily gain of live weight during the period of control fattening, g; the age of reaching 100 kg live weight, days; length of the cooled carcass, cm; thickness of bacon at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm. The Eurosomia index was calculated due to the methodology of S. V. Akimov (2005), the biometric processing, and the analysis of the economic efficiency of the research results were carried out according to generally accepted methods. It was founded that the young pigs of the large white breed of the controlled population correspond to the 1st class and the elite class in terms of body length, age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, lard thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae and length of the chilled carcass. It was established that the young pigs of the first experimental group reliably outperformed peers of the second experimental group in terms of live weight on the last day of control fattening, body length, chest girth behind the shoulder blades, average daily increase in live weight during the fattening control period, age reaching a live weight of 100 kg, the length of the chilled carcass, the length of the bacon half of the chilled half carcass by an average of 2.77%. The coefficient of discreteness of signs of individual development, fattening, and meat qualities in young pigs of the experimental groups ranges from 0.427 to 0.829 points. The presence of reliable connections (87.50%) between the Eurosomia index, development indicators, fattening, and meat qualities testify to the effectiveness of using this integrated value in selection and breeding work under conditions of compliance with the optimal level of feeding and maintenance and veterinary safety. The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from young pigs of the 1st experimental group - +2.35%, and its value are +162.47 hryvnias or 4.11 US dollars.

Enzyme with phytase activity in compound feed for young pigs on fattening

One of the decisive factors for achieving high productivity of animals is the rational organization of feeding. At the same time the priority task of domestic pig breeding is to reduce expenditures by increasing the digestibility of feed nutrients and improving their digestibility. The inclusion of enzyme drugs in the compound feed is one of the most important conditions necessary in solving this problem. In the body of animals, they are necessary to increase the digestibility of feed nutrients. The purpose of the research was to study the eff ect of the enzyme drug Feedbest P5000 GT as part of compound feeds on the growth and development of young pigs on fattening, as well as the determination of expenditure of feed. In order to achieve this purpose, a scientifi c and economic experiment was carried out. The studies were conducted on young pigs of Large White breed aged from 60 to 210 days. Four groups of pigs of 12 heads in each were formed according to the principle of analog groups. Pigs of all groups were in the same conditions of feeding and housing. In order to identify the eff ect of the tested enzyme drug on the growth and development of experimental animals, they weighed and took measurements every 30 days of rearing, taking into account the consumption of compound feed and their residue for the next day. It has been established that the use of the enzyme drug Feedbest P5000 GT as part of compound feeds for young pigs on fattening contributes to the growth, development and reduction of expenditures of feed per unit of production of young pigs. The best indicators were obtained in the 2nd experimental group, where the tested enzyme drug in the amount of 90 g/t of compound feed was additionally added to the compound feed.

Genetic Variability in Lithuanian Black and White Cattle with Different Proportions of Holstein Bloodline

Background: Maintaining genetic variability in livestock is the important step towards developing appropriate management strategies. When considering crossing native Lithuanian Black and White cattle (BW) with Holsteins (HL), comprehensive knowledge of breed characteristics, including genetic diversity, is required. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic variability between Lithuanian Black and White and Holstein cattle breeds in relation to groups with different proportions of the Holstein bloodline. Methods: A total of 126 cattle samples were studied at 13 microsatellite loci to estimate genetic variability. Result: The largest number of alleles was detected in the BW cattle group with at least 50% Holstein blood. Private alleles were found in all cattle groups except the BW cattle group with a 83-90% Holstein bloodline. Principal coordinate analyses (PCoA) showed the separation of the HL group and other BW groups, as well as the individual that was pure-blooded Lithuanian Black and White. The results revealed further actions breeders should take to retain the required genotype of the native Lithuanian Black and White cattle breed.

O-184 Scrotal circumference as a trait for reproductive selection in white merino breed

O-184 Scrotal circumference as a trait for reproductive selection in white merino breed

Productive qualities of young pigs of the Large White breed of diverse genealogical lines and interbreed differentiation according to some integrated indicators

The purpose of the work was to investigate the fattening and meat qualities in young pigs of the Large White breed of diverse genealogical lines and interbreed differentiation according to some integrated indicators and to calculate the economic efficiency of the experimental results. The fattening and meat qualities in young pigs were evaluated by the quantitative characteristics such as average daily live weight gain during the control fattening period (g), the age of reaching 100 kg live weight (days), thickness of lard at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae (mm), length of the chilled carcass (cm), length of the bacon half of the chilled half-carcass (cm). Comprehensive evaluation of the animals in the experimental groups was carried out according to the Tyler and Wangen indices. Biometric processing of research results was conducted according to the methods of V. P. Kovalenko et al. (2010). The research was performed in agricultural formations of the Dnipropetrovsk region, the Jazz meat processing plant, and the animal husbandry laboratory of the Institute of Grain Crops NAAS of Ukraine. It was established that in terms of fattening and meat qualities, the young pigs of the genealogical lines Tafftus C61203 UA 8819345 and Azuro UA 8800557 of the Large White breed correspond to the elite class. Young pigs of the genealogical line Tafftus C61203 UA 8819345 outperform peers of the Azuro line UA 8800557 by 3.25% in the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, in fat thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae by 5.74%, in chilled carcass length by 0.93%. Animals of the Azuro UA 8800557 line are characterized by a longer length of the chilled carcass and the length of the bacon half of the chilled carcass. The number of significant correlations between the fattening and meat qualities of the Large White breed young pigs, the CI selection index, and the Tyler index is 80%. The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from young pigs of the genealogical line Tafftus C61203 UA 8819345 (+2.52%), then I experimental group according to the Tyler index (+3.98%) and the selection index CI (+4.30%). The criteria for selecting highly productive animals due to the CI breeding index are 57.69–78.57 points, and the Tyler index is 214.89–242.85 points. The economic efficiency of the use of young pigs from the specified groups provides additional production at the level of +3.98–4.30%.