Learner autonomy has become a key component of learner-centered English language education, emphasizing students’ responsibility for planning, monitoring, and evaluating their learning. However, empirical studies examining learner autonomy among senior high school students in the Indonesian EFL context remain limited. This study aims to investigate senior high school students’ perceptions of learner autonomy in English language learning. Using a quantitative research design, this study involved 55 senior high school students as participants, collected data through a questionnaire-based survey, and analyzed the data using descriptive statistical techniques. Using a cross-sectional survey design, this study involved 55 senior high school students from Public Islamic Senior High Schools in Bima Town, West Nusa Tenggara as participants. The data was collected through a questionnaire-based survey. The instrument is adapted from the learner autonomy perception questionnaire by Nguyen & Habok (2021) with five dimensions: (1) Belief about teachers’ role, (2) Motivation and desire, (3) Metacognitive knowledge in ELT, (4) Metacognitive skills in EL, and (5) Freedom, using 5 Likert scale. Further, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The findings revealed that students demonstrated generally positive perceptions of learner autonomy, by showing strong motivation and desire, well-developed planning, monitoring, and evaluating skills, and having many opportunities to learn. In conclusion, senior high school students in the Indonesian EFL context hold generally positive perceptions of learner autonomy, particularly in terms of motivation, metacognitive skills, and learning opportunities, within classroom learning environments.

General Background: Work readiness is a central issue in human capital development, particularly in the context of Sustainable Development Goals and youth employment in emerging regions. Specific Background: In West Nusa Tenggara Province, open unemployment remains dominated by tertiary-educated graduates, indicating a mismatch between higher education outcomes and labor market demands among Generation Z fresh graduates. Knowledge Gap: Although prior studies have examined internship experience, work motivation, and grit separately, limited research has integrated these variables within a comprehensive model of work readiness grounded in Human Capital and Employability Capital theories. Aims: This study analyzes the relationships between internship experience, work motivation, and grit and their contribution to work readiness among 101 Gen Z fresh graduates using a quantitative survey and multiple linear regression. Results: The findings demonstrate that internship experience and grit have positive and statistically significant associations with work readiness, whereas work motivation does not show a significant partial relationship; collectively, the three variables significantly explain 53.3% of the variance in work readiness (R² = 0.533). Novelty: This study positions grit as the most dominant predictor within an integrated human capital framework combining experiential and psychological dimensions. Implications: The results underscore the importance of structured industry-relevant internship programs and the integration of grit-based character development in higher education curricula to strengthen graduate competitiveness in regional labor markets. Highlights: Practical workplace exposure shows a statistically significant positive association with graduate preparedness for employment. Psychological perseverance emerges as the strongest predictor within the regression model. The combined model accounts for 53.3% of variance in employment preparedness among respondents. Keywords: Gen Z, Grit, Work Readiness, Internship Experience, Work Motivation

This study aims to identify cultural patterns and values in conceptual metaphors found in Nusantara fairy tales using a cognitive linguistic approach. This study was designed as a qualitative-descriptive study with a focus on analysing three main fairy tales that represent geographical diversity, namely Timun Mas from Java, Putri Mandalika from West Nusa Tenggara, and Malin Kundang from West Sumatra. The results of the analysis show that there are a total of 55 conceptual metaphors found in the three fairy tales. Structural metaphors dominate about fifty percent of all findings, followed by ontological and orientational metaphors. These metaphors serve as a means of transmitting cultural values that vary between regions, such as contextual wisdom in the western region, the values of collectivity and sacrifice in the central region, and an emphasis on social harmony and relationship with nature. These findings also reveal the mindset of the Indonesian people, who prioritise collectivity over individuality, as reflected in the metaphorical structure of fairy tales. The conclusion of this study confirms that Nusantara fairy tales are a medium rich in cultural cognition. Pedagogically, this study offers important implications for character education through a story-based moral education approach, where the metaphorical structure in fairy tales can serve as a cognitive scaffold for internalising moral values. Theoretically, this study also enriches the development of cognitive linguistics in the context of Indonesia's multicultural society.

This study aims to determine the effect of supplementary feeding of bean sprouts on the microscopic quality of Balinese cattle spermatozoa at the Regional Artificial Insemination Center of West Nusa Tenggara Province. Microscopic semen evaluation includes volume, mass movement, individual movement, motility and concentration. The design used was a complete randomized design (CRD) and data analysis using Anova which was further tested using Duncan. The mass movement of Balinese spermatozoa in P1 and P2 has a percentage value of 67% (+++), which indicates that the spermatozoa move to form large and progressive waves. Individual motion in P2 produces a very progressive motion with the highest percentage of 60%. The results of the analysis of volume, motility and concentration of Balinese spermatozoa showed significantly different results in P2, namely the treatment with the addition of 4 kg of bean sprouts. Based on the results of this study, it shows that there is an effect of supplementary feeding of bean sprouts with the treatment of 4 kg per week on the microscopic quality of Balinese spermatozoa at the Regional Artificial Insemination Center of NTB Province.

Drawing on the case of Beasiswa NTB—a subnational scholarship programme funded by the provincial government of West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia—this article examines how institutional actors, regulatory mechanisms, and logistical arrangements mediate trajectories of international student mobility (ISM). In a setting where opportunities for overseas study are uneven and limited, the provincial government emerges as a pivotal actor, not only in facilitating student departures but also in defining eligibility criteria and shaping the directionality of mobility pathways. The article shows that Beasiswa NTB operates through a complex interplay between formal governance structures and ad hoc bureaucratic practices, which often reproduces rather than alleviates inequality. It argues that this dynamic is driven by a regulatory framework designed to expedite student mobility without adequate institutional consolidation, resulting in bureaucratic circumvention, the proliferation of informal arrangements with limited oversight and accountability, standard-lowering practices, and heightened vulnerability to political intervention.

Stunting remains a persistent public health challenge in Indonesia, particularly within high-prevalence enclaves. Although local food-based Supplementary Feeding Programs (SFP) are widely implemented, their specific epidemiological impact on anthropometric indices specifically the divergence between weight and height recovery requires rigorous evaluation in high-burden settings. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of a 90-day local food-based SFP intervention on anthropometric Z-score shifts among stunted toddlers in Setungkep Lingsar Village, East Lombok. A quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted on a total population of 59 stunted toddlers (aged 6–59 months). Anthropometric measurements (Weight, Height) and WHO standard indices (Weight-for-Age [WAZ], Height-for-Age [HAZ], and Weight-for-Height [WHZ]) were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Data were analyzed using the Paired Sample t-test with statistical significance set at p<0.05. The intervention yielded statistically significant improvements across all growth parameters (p=0.0001). The most rapid response was observed in acute nutritional indicators; the prevalence of normal nutritional status based on Weight-for-Height (WHZ) increased substantially from 10.2% to 46.9%, with a mean weight gain of 0.45 kg. Conversely, although Height-for-Age (HAZ) showed statistical improvement, the clinical shift from stunted to normal status remained minimal (2.0%), confirming a physiological lag in linear growth recovery compared to ponderal (weight) recovery. Local food-based SFP is highly effective for the rapid correction of acute malnutrition (wasting) but requires a sustained maintenance phase to achieve significant catch-up growth for stunting. Policy strategies in high-burden regions must extend monitoring beyond the acute recovery phase to ensure long-term linear growth rehabilitation.

Regional economic disparities between Lombok Island and Sumbawa Island remain a major development challenge in West Nusa Tenggara Province (NTB), particularly in terms of uneven sectoral growth and regional economic concentration. This study analyzes the economic structure and identifies leading sectors in NTB during the 2020–2024 period using the Klassen Typology and Location Quotient (LQ) methods. The analysis employs secondary data on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) at constant 2010 prices published by the Central Statistics Agency, supported by relevant literature. Economic sectors are classified based on their growth rates and contributions to GRDP to distinguish advanced and fast-growing sectors, potential sectors, and relatively underdeveloped sectors. The findings indicate that regions on Lombok Island—especially Mataram City and West Lombok Regency—are dominated by advanced and fast-growing sectors, primarily modern services such as trade, transportation, accommodation and food services, finance, education, and health. In contrast, Sumbawa Island is characterized by a concentration in agriculture, fisheries, mining, and basic services, which largely fall into the potential or relatively underdeveloped categories. LQ analysis further confirms that Lombok Island’s economic base is driven by trade, tourism, real estate, and educational services, while Sumbawa Island relies more heavily on agriculture, construction, and mining sectors. These findings demonstrate persistent regional economic disparities in NTB and highlight the need for region-specific development policies. The future development strategy is directed at strengthening the base sector in each region, diversifying the economy, and strengthening connectivity between regions to create inclusive and equitable growth.

This reseach analyzes the effect of Work–Life Balance and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction within 78 pharmacy assistants at the Provincial General Hospital of West Nusa Tenggara using a quantitative associative method. Data were obtained using structured survey forms and processed with multivariate linear analysis. Findings show that both variables significantly affect Job Satisfaction, with Work Environment having a stronger impact. Validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests were met. The findings emphasize the need for conducive workplace settings and regulations that encourage work–life balance to enhance worker satisfaction and strengthen healthcare service quality.

Economic growth in a region is very important for assessing the success of development. Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) is the main benchmark to determine the size of the economic output in the area, including in the province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). However, if we look at the development of NTB's GRDP from 2021 to 2023, there have been many changes influenced by economic factors such as foreign direct investment (FDI), domestic investment (PMDN), infrastructure conditions, and unemployment rates. This study aims to analyze how these four factors affect the GRDP across regencies/cities in NTB. This research uses a quantitative method with data sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and NTB Satu Data. The analysis uses panel data regression with EViews 12 software. The research results show that foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic investment have a positive effect on GRDP, infrastructure also increases regional productivity, while unemployment decreases GRDP. Overall, all of these independent variables are significant in influencing NTB's GRDP.

Low Back Pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal problem that is often experienced by the elderly and can reduce the quality of life. Knowledge of LBP risk factors plays an important role in efforts to prevent and treat it. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of elderly knowledge about LBP risk factors and the incidence of LBP at the Mandalika Elderly Social Service Center, West Nusa Tenggara in 2025. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional design on 41 elderly people selected through total sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, then analyzed univariately and bivariously with Chi-square test. The results showed that most of the respondents had sufficient knowledge (46.3%), followed by low (34.1%) and good (19.5%) knowledge. The incidence of LBP was found in 26 respondents (63.4%), while 15 respondents (36.6%) did not experience LBP. The Chi-square test showed a significant relationship between the level of knowledge of the elderly and the incidence of LBP (p-value = 0.002). It was concluded that low knowledge was related to the high incidence of LBP. Continuous health education is needed to increase the understanding of the elderly in preventing LBP.

This study aims to develop an anthropometric database for individuals aged 19-21 in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province to support ergonomic product design tailored to local physiological needs. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, involving direct measurements of body dimensions in a sitting posture from 52 samples selected via purposive sampling. Key measurements included sitting height, eye level while seated, shoulder height, popliteal length, and other relevant dimensions, analyzed for normality, sufficiency, and consistency. The data followed a normal distribution with sufficient sample validity. Percentile values (P1, P5, P50, P95, P99) revealed significant variations in body dimensions, providing a robust reference for ergonomic design across sectors like creative industries, education, healthcare, and agriculture. The anthropometric database enables designing inclusive, comfortable, and safe products that accommodate various body sizes, enhancing user experience and efficiency in NTB’s key industries. The study is limited to NTB’s 19-21 age group and seated posture measurements, restricting its applicability to Indonesia’s broader population or other postures. Future research should expand geographic scope and include diverse postures to enrich national anthropometric data. Keywords: Anthropometry, Ergonomic Design, Seated Posture, Percentiles, West Nusa Tenggara.

This study aims to reveal the role of language in representing the cultural values and social structure of the Sasak community through an analysis of the lingual forms used in the merariq tradition. Based on an anthropological linguistic approach, this study uses a qualitative method with observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation of merariq ritual practices in several Sasak communities in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Data were analyzed using the intralingual matching method with the link-comparison technique to find the relationship between language structure and cultural meaning. The results of the study identified 41 lingual forms classified into six main domains, namely: mbait, beselabar, bekawin, berejap, begawe, and rebaq jengkis. Each domain depicts the stages of the traditional procession that represent the values of courage, sacredness, solidarity, honor, and social integration. Language in the merariq tradition functions not only as a means of communication, but also as a symbolic medium that strengthens the value system, social legitimacy, and cultural identity of the Sasak people. These findings reinforce the theory of Mahsun (2024), Duranti (1997), and Geertz (1973) that language is a cultural practice that shapes collective social consciousness. Theoretically, this research contributes to the development of the study of anthropological linguistics in Indonesia, while practically supporting efforts to preserve ritual languages and local oral traditions. Further research is suggested to explore dialectic variation and cross-cultural comparisons to broaden understanding of the relationship between language, culture, and identity.

Context: Breast cancer is common and costly to treat in Indonesia. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of two chemotherapy regimens (AC vs. TAC) in West Nusa Tenggara. Aims: To identify which regime offers better cost-effectiveness in local practice. Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis retrospectively comparing 114 patients (35 AC, 79 TAC) treated between January 2021 and December 2023 was conducted. Effectiveness was measured using surrogate outcomes (hematologic toxicities), survival at the end of chemotherapy, and changes in CA 15-3 levels. Costs (direct medical, non-medical, and indirect) from a societal perspective. We used t-tests/Chi-square to compare groups and computed incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for outcomes. Results: TAC achieved a higher proportion of normal platelet counts (72% vs. 63%, p>0.05) but at a higher average cost, yielding an ICER of IDR 11,733,306 (USD 738.5) per additional patient with normal platelets, which is below Indonesia’s GDP per capita. Conversely, AC had higher rates of normal leukocytes and hemoglobin (26% vs. 11%, p=0.021*), slightly higher survival, and CA 15-3 levels, so TAC was less effective for these outcomes. Conclusions: No regimen was uniformly superior. TAC costs more per patient and showed a clinical advantage only for platelet counts, whereas AC was slightly better for leukocyte counts, hemoglobin, survival, and CA 15-3 levels. Whether the additional cost of TAC is justified depends on the willingness-to-pay threshold. It is recommended to carefully consider clinical priorities and suggest further analysis using QALYs or cost per life-year to inform decision-making.

The Gili Matra Marine Conservation Area has dual functions as a center for marine conservation as well as an ecotourism destination. Although ecotourism contributes significantly to the economy, the area faces challenges in maintaining ecological and social sustainability owing to increased tourism activities. This study evaluated economic value using the Travel Cost Method (TCM). The status of sustainability was assessed using the multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) method by RAPFISH, with the support of leverage analysis to identify sensitive factors and Monte Carlo to validate the results. The results of the economic valuation analysis show that the average tourist expenditure varies based on the origin of the region, with the total economic contribution of the region being more than Rp 9.5 trillion per year. These findings indicate that marine ecotourism has great economic value and potential to continue to increase. The results for the sustainability level for the study area indicated that the institutional (63.83), infrastructure (58.32), and economic (56.53) aspects were moderately sustainable, whereas the ecological (44.91) and social (45.26) aspects were less sustainable. These findings confirm the need for integrative policies that emphasize strengthening ecological and social aspects, accompanied by infrastructure and institutional support.

Village governments play a strategic role in translating national development agendas into policies that directly affect local communities. This study analyzes government policy practices in Sukadana Village, Bayan District, North Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province, with a particular focus on policy formulation, implementation, and community involvement. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with village officials, community leaders, and residents, complemented by document analysis of village regulations and development plans. The findings reveal that Sukadana Village Government has made notable efforts to align its policies with community needs, especially in infrastructure development and social empowerment programs. However, several challenges persist, including limited administrative capacity, uneven community participation, and constraints in budget allocation. These factors influence the effectiveness and sustainability of policy outcomes. This study highlights the importance of strengthening participatory governance, enhancing institutional capacity, and improving policy coordination at the village level. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of village-level policy dynamics and provide practical insights for improving local governance and rural development in decentralized governance contexts.

One area that requires attention in water quality studies is the estuarine ecosystem. Estuaries are transition zones connecting freshwater and marine waters, thus possessing unique environmental dynamics. However, there is limited information regarding the effect of sea tides in the area on local estuary water quality. Therefore, this study aims to identify the existing relationship between sea tide levels and EC values, using an IoT-based system that is portable, lightweight, and capable of operating in real time. This study was conducted over five days in Senggigi village, Batulayar, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The collected data focused on the EC parameter's water quality levels at different tide levels, which were monitored using the self-developed system. This system was developed using an EC sensor, a microcontroller, and a wireless internet router (for wireless data communication via ThingSpeak.com). This system was also equipped with a pH sensor, a TDS sensor, and a water temperature sensor. The recorded data show that the resulting data are valid and highly accurate, and that the system is ready for examination at the measurement area. The resulting data show that the correlation between tide level and EC value is logarithmic, with a regression coefficient of 0.934. The EC level was about 20.42 – 62.54 mS/cm, depending on the tide level. It can be concluded that the tide level indeed influences the EC parameter in the estuary area. Moreover, TDS plays an important role in regulating EC levels, underscoring the need to systematically measure this parameter in any estuarine water-quality study.

This study examines how patriarchal authority is linguistically constructed and contested across media coverage and courtroom registers in sexual violence cases. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Halliday’s transitivity framework, the researcher analyses 784 clauses from 25 online news articles and one courtroom case adjudicated at the Praya District Court in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. News reports were selected through purposive sampling, focusing on cases where perpetrators were socially significant figures such as father, lecture, and religious leader. AntConc software generated frequency and concordance lists, which were qualitatively coded in ATLAS.ti to identity patterns of agency, responsibility, and identity representation. Findings reveal that media discourse is dominated by material processes (70%), foregrounding acts of abuse and institutional responses, while relational processes assign social roles that frame cases within patriarchal and hierarchies. Courtroom discourse is characterized by relational, verbal, and mental processes, where defendant deploy relational clauses and conditional threats to normalize coercion, mask abuse as paternal care, and silence resistance. This study introduces the concept of discursive paternalism to explain how paternal identity functions as a linguistic resource that reframes coercion as moral duty. By connecting media framing and courtroom registers, the analysis demonstrates that justice is discursively produced across interconnected arena, with media narratives priming societal expectations and courtroom language either reinforcing or challenging them

This study aims to analyze and prove the influence of management information systems and work professionalism on employee performance with job satisfaction as an intervening variable at the West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Provincial Industrial Office. This study uses a quantitative approach involving 50 respondents as a sample. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the SmartPLS 4.0 analysis tool. The results show that management information systems have a significant effect on job satisfaction, work professionalism has a significant effect on job satisfaction, management information systems have a significant effect on employee performance, and work professionalism has a significant effect on employee performance. However, job satisfaction does not have a significant effect on employee performance. This finding implies that improving management information systems and work professionalism can directly improve employee performance, although job satisfaction is not a determining factor in improving performance. This study contributes to understanding the dynamics of factors that influence employee performance in the public sector, especially in the NTB Provincial Industrial Office.

Coral reefs are coastal ecosystems with high biodiversity that play a crucial role in aquatic productivity and the sustainability of fisheries resources. Nektonic biota are closely linked to coral reef conditions through their roles in trophic structure, energy cycling, and the regulation of ecosystem dynamics. This study aimed to analyze the diversity, abundance, and biomass of reef-associated nektonic indicator species and other reef fishes in the Gili Matra Marine Conservation Area, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Data were collected from March to June 2024 using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method along 70 m belt transects

Regional income disparity and uneven economic growth remain persistent development challenges in West Nusa Tenggara Province, despite the continued implementation of fiscal decentralization and the increasing allocation of intergovernmental fiscal transfers. This condition raises questions regarding the effectiveness of fiscal transfer instruments in simultaneously promoting economic growth and reducing income inequality across districts and municipalities. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the effects of Revenue Sharing Funds (DBH), General Allocation Funds (DAU), Physical Special Allocation Funds (Physical DAK), Non-Physical Special Allocation Funds for Health Operations (DBOK), and Non-Physical Special Allocation Funds for Education Operations (DBOP) on income inequality and economic growth in districts/municipalities of West Nusa Tenggara during the period 2018-2023. This study employs a quantitative approach using panel data regression analysis. Income inequality is measured by the Gini Ratio, while economic growth is proxied by real GDP per capita. The results indicate that DBH, Physical DAK, and DBOK have a significant role in reducing income inequality, whereas DAU and DBOP do not show a significant effect. In contrast, regional economic growth is significantly influenced by DBH, DAU, and DBOP, with DBOP emerging as the most dominant factor, while Physical DAK and DBOK do not exhibit a direct impact. These findings suggest that intergovernmental fiscal transfers in West Nusa Tenggara have not yet functioned optimally in achieving both growth and equity objectives simultaneously, highlighting the need for more targeted and outcome-oriented fiscal management at the regional level.