This study aims to analyze how the wave of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 affects business sustainability, particularly Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), and to formulate relevant adaptation strategies. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach through a simple survey of 40 MSME actors in West Java who have adopted or are currently adopting digital technology. Data were collected using closed-ended questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive percentage statistics. The results show that 72% of respondents experienced increased operational efficiency after adopting digital technology, 65% reported expanded market reach through digital platforms, while 58% identified limited human resource competencies and technology investment costs as the main challenges. These findings confirm that AI and automation do not merely replace human labor but instead drive the transformation of business models, organizational culture, and digital skill enhancement. Effective survival strategies include marketing digitalization, human resource training, ecosystem collaboration, and gradual and well-planned technology adoption. Therefore, business success in the Industry 4.0 era is highly determined by adaptive readiness and sustainable managerial transformation.

This study explores the Gerbang Marhamah (Movement for the Development of a Morally Upright Society) initiative in Cianjur Regency, West Java, as a distinctive example of localized Islamic policymaking. Rooted in a strong socio-religious context, Gerbang Marhamah functions both as a moral project and a political strategy that institutionalises Islamic values within local governance. Using a qualitative approach, the research draws on in-depth interviews with religious leaders, local government officials, and community members, complemented by document analysis and participant observation. The findings demonstrate that the policy is shaped by the interaction of religious networks, political agency, and local cultural idioms. While Gerbang Marhamah has effectively embedded Islamic moral discourse into public administration, it has also generated tensions concerning inclusivity, institutionalisation, and community acceptance. This study contributes to debates on Islamic governance in decentralised systems, challenges the secular–religious policy dichotomy in Muslim-majority democracies, and highlights the crucial role of local religious authorities and civic engagement in shaping faith-based public policy.

The Islamic hospitality industry faces a tough challenge in maintaining repurchase intentions amid increasingly fierce competition. Although social media marketing activities (SMMAs) have become the dominant strategy, the psychological mechanisms that explain the conversion of these activities into repetitive buying behaviors are still not optimally internalized; This is reflected in the empirical paradox in which increased digital investment successfully attracts new visitors, but fails to prevent a drastic decline in retention rates. This causal explanatory research aims to analyze the role of brand awareness (BA) mediation in the relationship between SMMA and buyback intention (RI) in the context of Islamic boarding houses, as well as validate relevant theoretical frameworks. Using the Partial Smallest Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) on a sample of 98 respondents who are actual customers of Islamic boarding schools in West Java, the results of the study prove that SMMA has a significant effect on the Republic of Indonesia, both directly and indirectly through the mediation of BA. In particular, Brand Awareness has been shown to act as a significant partial mediation mechanism, while also confirming the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) Framework in the sharia hospitality market. These findings provide crucial practical implications for sharia lodging managers to shift the focus of their social media content strategy: optimizing efforts that consistently build brand recall and brand recognition instead of simply pursuing reach metrics), thus being able to transform brand awareness into continuous repeat buying behavior.

BackgroundCommunity pharmacists (CPs) are accessible healthcare providers with the potential to support care for tuberculosis infection (TBI). However, their role remains limited and poorly integrated into national TB programs. Despite global recognition, no study in Indonesia has explored how CPs can be engaged as direct service providers. This study aims to identify the challenges and develop strategies for involving CPs as direct providers of TB services to improve TB preventive treatment outcomes.MethodsA qualitative case study was conducted in West Java, Indonesia. Data collection involved group interviews (GIs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with providers from community health centers (CHCs) and community pharmacies, as well as with patients with TBI. Participants responded to a proposed collaborative model scenario during the interviews, where CPs would provide direct support for TBI treatment. Data were deductively analyzed using ATLAS.ti version 9, employing a thematic analysis approach guided by the Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases (TICD) framework to identify challenges and strategies across seven domains. The findings are reported in accordance with the 32-item COREQ checklist.ResultA total of 27 participants were enrolled from CHCs and pharmacies, including TB programmers, medical doctors, community pharmacists, and individuals with TBI. We identified several challenges, including the absence of specific guidelines; limited knowledge and skills among CPs; patient preferences; limited professional interaction between CPs and healthcare workers; the lack of an incentive scheme; and insufficient regulatory support from national and local governments. In response to these challenges, various strategies can be implemented, including providing systematic guidelines, improving CPs’ capacity, building a communication system between CPs and related healthcare workers, implementing an incentive scheme, and advocating for regulatory support from national and local governments.ConclusionTo implement collaborative practice effectively, it is essential to address the identified challenges and, alongside coordinated efforts among all TB stakeholders, develop strategies to establish a sustainable, impactful practice model in real-world settings.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-026-14254-2.

This research aims to analyze the concept of fasād fī al-arḍ and examine its empirical implications for environmental degradation caused by sand mining in Kampung Bungbang, West Java. Unlike previous ecotheological studies that focus predominantly on textual-normative discourse, this study offers a distinct analytical framework by operationalizing the concept of fasād as a diagnostic indicator for specific ecological crises. A qualitative method was employed, integrating tafsir maudhu'i (thematic interpretation) with field research involving 12 key informants and direct observations conducted in December 2025. The findings demonstrate that sand mining activities in the area constitute a tangible form of fasād fī al-arḍ, manifesting in infrastructure deterioration, land degradation, and heightened landslide risks. Furthermore, the social dimension is significantly impacted, particularly concerning the health and psychological comfort of residents. This study concludes that environmental revitalization must transcend technical solutions to include a paradigm shift centered on the principles of khilāfah (managerial responssibility) and mīzān (ecological balance). The novelty of this work lies in its integration of theological values with empirical-contextual evidence, providing a benchmark for sustainable policy-making to prevent the legitimization of ecological disasters.

Hypertension remains a major public health challenge among the elderly in low- and middle-income countries. This cross-sectional study examined demographic and metabolic factors associated with hypertension among the elderly living in urban and rural areas of West and Central Java Provinces, Indonesia. This study included 1,920 adults aged ≥60 years who had resided in the study areas for at least six months, were able to communicate effectively, and provided informed consent. Data were collected between March and August 2023 using stratified multistage random sampling, structured questionnaires, and biochemical measurements. Multivariable logistic regression revealed distinct patterns of association across settings. In urban areas, hypertension was associated with older age (AOR =1.366; 95% CI: 1.043–1.789), female sex (AOR=1.681;95% CI: 1.198–2.359), central obesity based on waist circumference (AOR=2.031; 95% CI:1.477–2.793), and abnormal blood glucose levels (AOR=2.821; 95% CI: 1.754–4.536). In rural areas, hypertension was associated with older age (AOR=1.613; 95% CI: 1.228–2.119), lower education level (AOR=0.686; 95%CI:0.507–0.928), central obesity (AOR = 1.613; 95% CI: 1.204–2.161), and blood glucose levels (AOR=1.503; 95% CI: 0.978–2.310). These findings highlighted that while metabolic markers, such as waist circumference and blood glucose, were universal predictors, demographic factors, such as sex and education level, varied by environment. Consequently, public health interventions must adopt tailored, context-specific approaches to manage hypertension in urban and rural Indonesian communities effectively.

Shrimp aquaculture in the coastal tambak areas of Cirebon, West Java, faces persistent challenges related to fluctuating water quality driven by tidal dynamics and estuarine pollution, which frequently result in mass shrimp mortality events that devastate smallholder farmers' livelihoods. This study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate a low-cost IoT multi-parameter water quality monitoring system for vanamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) tambak farmers in Kecamatan Losari and Gebang, Cirebon. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating experimental hardware development, quantitative sensor validation, and qualitative usability assessment through a 30-day field deployment across five active pond units. The system utilized a NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller integrated with pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature (DS18B20), salinity, and turbidity sensors, transmitting real-time data via WiFi and LoRa to Firebase and ThingsBoard cloud platforms, accessible through an Android mobile application. Results demonstrated strong sensor accuracy across all parameters, pH (MAE ±0.20), DO (MAE ±0.27 mg/L), and temperature (MAE ±0.09°C), with system uptime of 94.7% and mean alert notification latency below five seconds. Farmer usability evaluation yielded a System Usability Scale (SUS) composite score of 78.4 (Grade B=Good). No mass mortality events occurred during the trial period, providing preliminary evidence of tangible aquaculture outcome improvement. The study concludes that affordable, participatory-designed IoT monitoring systems can effectively bridge the technology-adoption gap in smallholder coastal aquaculture, with recommendations for LoRa-primary connectivity, wet-season validation trials, and AI-driven predictive alert integration in future iterations.

The present study creates and tests a model that explores how the quality of accounting information systems, internal control systems, and non-financial information affect success at the organizational level (i.e., success in decision-making and non-financial performance). Data from managers of 252 organizations in West Java, Indonesia, were analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling through linear structural relations software. It has been found that the quality of accounting information systems, internal control systems, and non-financial information has a positive relationship with decision-making performance and non-financial performance. This result implies that better internal information systems and controls, as well as non-financial information, are also useful for improving decision-making and performance in the organization. This study adds to research on the influence of accounting information system quality, internal control, and non-financial information on organizational performance and success. The pattern of results is consistent with a pathway in which internal control system quality and accounting information system quality enhance non-financial information quality, which is associated with improved decision-making success and non-financial performance. The implications of this study are useful in guiding the accounting and information management practices towards enhancing the quality of accounting information systems, internal control systems, and non-financial information. It is expected that, when advanced, the tool would provide at least a more expansive and elaborate understanding of these complex relationships, thereby enriching our knowledge and theoretical base in accounting.

In West Java Province, the demand for educational facilities continues to increase in line with population growth and the rising need for improved educational quality. The education sector plays a crucial role in supporting national development; therefore, it requires adequate facilities and infrastructure to ensure that teaching and learning activities can be conducted effectively. However, the existing educational facilities are still insufficient to meet current demands. SMP Terpadu AL-Munir, for instance, currently utilizes classrooms owned by the AL-Munir Foundation to support its learning activities. As the number of students, teachers, and supporting staff continues to grow, more representative and properly planned classroom buildings are required in accordance with educational building planning standards. This study aims to analyze and design the structural system of the Classroom Building of SMP Terpadu Al-Munir by utilizing SAP2000 software. The structural model is developed based on reinforced concrete design principles and incorporates a flexible structural system characterized by a high level of ductility. The result is in the design of beams, columns and plates using steel tensile capacity BJTS fy = 420 MPa dan BJTP fy = 280 MPa and concrete compressive capacity fc’ = 25 MPa. with beam design with size B1 = 35 cm x 50 cm with main tensile reinforcement 5 D16 and compression 3 D16, 2D10-100 sliding reinforcement on the pedestal area, 4D10-150 sliding reinforcement in the field area, 2D12 torsion reinforcement in fulcrum area and field, B2= 25 cm x 35 cm with main tensile reinforcement 5 D16 and compression 3 D16. The repeating of Column design is obtained with size K1 = 40 cm x 40 cm column is installed 16D16 flexural reinforcement,and 2D10-100 shear reinforcement in the fulcrum area and 2D10-150 shear reinforcement in the field area.K2 = 35 cm x 35 column is installed 16D16 flexural reinforcement,and 2D10-100 shear reinforcement in the fulcrum area and 2D10-150 shear reinforcement in the field area. K3 = 30 cm x 30 cm column is installed 16D16 flexural reinforcement,and 2D10-100 shear reinforcement in the fulcrum area and 2D10-130 shear reinforcement in the field area. Floor Plate design is obtained with thickness 12 cm with reinforcement in direction x = ∅ 12 -230 and direction y = ∅ 12 – 240, and roof Plate design is obtained with thickness 12 cm with reinforcement in direction x = ∅ 12 -200 and direction y = ∅ 12 - 200.

Biogas is increasingly recognized as a strategic component of Indonesia’s clean energy transition; however, household-level adoption remains limited, even in livestock-dense regions. This study provides one of the first empirical assessments in Indonesia that integrates socioeconomic, behavioral, and institutional determinants of household biogas adoption within a unified analytical framework. Focusing on dairy-farming households in West Java Province, we examine why adoption remains low despite significant manure-based energy potential. Guided by the hypothesis that institutional support and household perceptions exert stronger influence on adoption than resource availability alone, we apply a binary logistic regression model to data from 201 households (101 adopters and 100 non-adopters). The analysis incorporates structural variables (income, livestock ownership, and electricity access) together with perceptual and experiential factors (fuel-cost pressure, perceived time savings, and participation in training). Contrary to conventional expectations, higher education is negatively associated with adoption, reflecting Indonesia’s LPG price distortions and aspirational energy preferences. In contrast, fuel-cost pressure, livestock ownership, perceived time savings, and training participation significantly increase adoption likelihood. These findings underscore that effective biogas dissemination requires not only physical resources but also strengthened institutional support, improved technical capacity, and targeted awareness-building interventions.

The role of government policy (GP) on public sector entrepreneurship as a prominent predictor of increasing the number of entrepreneurs has attracted a number of scholars in developed and developing countries. GP really determines the growth and development of entrepreneurship, with more entrepreneurs taking part in entrepreneurship. The goal of this research is to reveal the effect of GP and Islamic spiritualism (IS) on entrepreneurial intentions, with the role of entrepreneurship education (EE) in Islamic boarding schools as a mediating variable. A total of 227 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of Islamic boarding schools based in West Java, Central Java, and East Java were involved in this research. The conceptual research model was empirically examined through Structural Equation Modeling using the Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) approach. The results of our study indicate that GP and IS have a direct influence on the business intentions of Islamic boarding school-based SMEs entrepreneurs, as well as indirectly through EE in Islamic boarding schools. Our study also offers theoretical and practical insight into how public sector entrepreneurship policies can trigger an increase in the number of SMEs in Islamic boarding school circles.

This study examines how a digital-based sustainable environmental education model can contribute to the development of social entrepreneurship among junior high school students. Social entrepreneurship is understood as the creation of social value through innovative activities that combine economic practices with social objectives. To examine this relationship, a qualitative design was employed involving three public junior high schools in Bekasi, West Java. Data was collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation, engaging twenty-seven participants including students, principals, vice principals, and teachers. The findings reveal that schools actively integrate environmental education into their programs, despite its absence as a separate subject in the national curriculum. Initiatives such as waste banks, composting projects, school gardens, and water conservation practices demonstrate how ecological awareness is embedded in institutional culture. Teachers further enhance this process by linking subject content to environmental contexts, while digital learning materials create opportunities for interactive and student-centered engagement. The study integrates Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory, Mezirow’s Transformative Learning Theory, and digital pedagogy frameworks to explain how digital learning enhances environmental understanding and fosters entrepreneurial initiative. The analysis suggests that these practices not only increase ecological literacy but also nurture entrepreneurial mindsets among students. By reframing environmental challenges as opportunities for innovation and community empowerment, schools serve as platforms for cultivating future social entrepreneurs who are both environmentally responsible and socially engaged.

This study aims to investigate the implementation of Extensive Reading (ER) and the vocabulary learning that occurs within ER. It was implemented in a public senior high school located in West Java. A case study was employed to address the research questions. The data were collected from observations, interviews, and a focus group discussion. The results revealed that the teacher referred to ER guidelines from ERF when applying ER. Some ER principles were also used. With experience in ER, the students recognized that ER increased their interest in reading because the books they read were engaging, with illustrated stories. When students had difficulty comprehending the sentences, the pictures on each page helped them understand the story. In the reading process, students found some unfamiliar words. Their vocabulary was developed by searching for the meaning of words on the internet and understanding the contexts.

Organic lettuce is widely regarded as a healthier alternative because it is free of chemical contaminants. Chicken manure is commonly used as an organic fertilizer because of its high nutrient content, which is readily available to plants. However, applying manure poses a risk of pathogenic bacterial contamination. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different chicken manure doses and application times, as well as their interactions, on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) productivity and microbiological safety. The experiment was conducted from March to May 2023 in Cianjur, West Java, using a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Treatments included a control and two factors: (1) manure dose (10, 20, and 30 t/ha), and (2) application times (1, 2, and 3 weeks before transplanting). Microbiological analysis of harvested lettuce leaves was performed in the laboratory to assess contamination levels of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp. Manure doses significantly influenced all growth and yield parameters but had no significant effect on quality variables, including flavonoid, nitrate, and total chlorophyll content. Application times showed no significant effect on any measured parameter. The interaction between dose and time was also not statistically significant for most variables. The highest productivity and marketable yield were observed at the 30 t/ha dose. Salmonella spp. was not detected in any samples; however, E. coli and Shigella spp. were present in all samples at levels exceeding the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for food safety. In addition to the required dose of chicken manure, to minimize microbial contamination, fully decomposed manure is recommended for application, as it can be applied to land shortly before planting. The use of microbial-free water for washing vegetables is recommended, including in further research.

ABSTRACT This study examines how social capital configurations, ecological rationality, and technology considerations shape the adoption of agricultural digitalization among 112 farmers in East and West Java, Indonesia. We use fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis to identify five equifinal pathways to successful adoption. While technology enablement is present in all configurations, it remains insufficient on its own. It requires complementary social capital to translate potential into practice. Specifically, cognitive social capital, reflected in shared understanding, emerges as the most consistent core condition across pathways. Ecological rationality plays a secondary role, with adoption occurring primarily through social validation rather than through explicit environmental reasoning. The stability of configurations across specifications confirms genuine equifinality. These findings challenge technology-centered models. It demonstrates that effective agricultural digitalization depends on aligning initiatives with existing configurations of social capital. Our study offers practical guidance for designing context-sensitive digital agriculture strategies throughout the Global South.

Background and Objectives: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) are strategically important to the Indonesian economy because of their role in creating jobs and boosting regional economies. This study aims to analyze and examine the influence of Human Resource Competence, Financial Literacy, and Internal Control on the Quality of Financial Management of MSMEs in West Java Province. Despite the strategic role of MSMEs in supporting economic growth, many MSMEs still face challenges related to financial transparency, weak internal controls, and limited managerial capacity. This study addresses the gap between theoretical standards of financial management and actual practices implemented by MSMEs. The findings are expected to provide insights for MSMEs and local governments in formulating strategies to strengthen financial management capacity and support business sustainability and competitiveness. Research Design: This study employs a quantitative research design with a causal associative approach to examine the causal relationships between Human Resource Competence, Financial Literacy, and Internal Control and the Quality of MSME Financial Management. Research Location and Duration: The research was conducted among MSMEs operating in West Java Province during 2025, using primary data collected within a single research period to capture the actual condition of MSME financial management practices. Methodology: This study uses a quantitative approach with primary data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to MSMEs in West Java Province. Sampling was determined using the Slovin formula with a 10% margin of error, resulting in 100 respondents. Prior to data analysis, the research instrument was tested using validity and reliability tests to ensure data quality. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS with multiple linear regression methods to examine the effect of Human Resource Competence, Financial Literacy, and Internal Control on the Quality of MSME Financial Management. Model testing includes classical assumption tests, partial hypothesis tests, and coefficient of determination. Results: The results show that Human Resource Competence, Financial Literacy, and Internal Control have a positive and significant effect on the Quality of Financial Management of MSMEs in West Java Province, as indicated by regression coefficients of 0.517, 0.595, and 0.688, respectively, with a significance value of 0.000. These findings confirm that improvements in managerial competence, financial understanding, and internal control implementation directly enhance MSME financial management quality. Conclusion: This study concludes that strengthening human resource competencies, improving financial literacy, and implementing effective internal control systems are essential for improving MSME financial management quality. Practically, the findings suggest that local governments and supporting institutions should prioritize internal control training and financial management mentoring programs to achieve greater improvements in MSME governance and long-term sustainability.

Background: Childhood stunting and undernutrition remain critical global health challenges. While long-term interventions are common, the efficacy of short-term, community-based intensive nutritional interventions (Pos Gizi) requires further empirical evaluation.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the clinical effectiveness of a 12-day intensive nutritional package on weight and height gain among underweight children under five in Garut District, West Java, using a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design.Methods: The study included 69 children (aged 10–55 months) meeting the inclusion criteria, who received supplementary feeding and intensive health education over 12 days. Anthropometric data were collected at baseline and endline using standardized instruments. Data were analyzed using the Paired t-test and Cohen’s d effect size calculation.Results: Significant improvements were observed in both weight (p < 0.001) and height (p < 0.001) post-intervention. The mean weight gain was 0.20 kg (95% CI: 0.16–0.25), and the mean height gain was 0.65 cm (95% CI: 0.42–0.88). Effect size analysis indicated a large clinical impact on weight (d = 1.01) and a medium-to-large impact on height (d = 0.68).Conclusion: Short-term intensive nutritional interventions are effective in stimulating rapid weight rehabilitation. While linear growth showed statistical improvement, this likely reflects acute physical recovery rather than permanent structural growth. This model is recommended as an initial acceleration strategy to manage undernutrition.

The conduct of legislative elections in Indonesia during the Reform Era (2004–2024) demonstrates a tendency among political parties to leverage celebrity popularity as a strategy to boost their vote acquisition. The shift to an open-list proportional electoral system, based on the highest number of individual votes, has driven parties to recruit celebrities as vote-getters to increase their electoral gains. This study aims to analyze party strategies in positioning celebrities as legislative candidates and to identify electoral districts (dapil) that are most favorable to their electability. Using historical research methods and analyzing data from the past five legislative elections, the study finds that West Java has emerged as the strongest electoral base for celebrity candidates. One key strategy employed is the Son of the Soil approach, which utilizes regional identity to foster emotional connections with voters. The findings highlight that local identity plays a significant role in celebrity electoral strategies, making cultural and emotional affiliations crucial factors in their electoral success.

Stock price fluctuations are one of the factors that affect and challenge investors. In addition, investors do not only invest for the sake of short, but also in the long term. Banks are one of the main pillars in Indonesian stocks. It is known that Bank Bjb has a good level of health but until now the share price of bank bjb has decreased considerably since 2017. This study will discuss how the determination of stock prices using the CAMELS method at the West Java Regional Development Bank in 2015 quarter 1- 2023 quarter 4. this research uses quantitative research methods carried out associatively. The data analysis technique used in this article is the Error Corecction Model (ECM) which aims to determine the short-term and long-term relationship between variables. The results showed that in the short-term CAR, and NPL have no influence on stock prices. In the long run CAR, NPM, and ROA affect stock prices. While NPL, LDR, and Interest Rate does not have any influence on stock prices. Keywords: CAMELS; Error Correction Model (ECM); Stock Price; Financial Performance; Banking Sector

Plantation cultural landscapes, characterized by tangible cultural elements, often reveal distinct physical boundaries that reflect social hierarchies. This study focuses on the Tambaksari Plantation in Subang, West Java, Indonesia, employing the frameworks of industrial archeology and the concept of boundaries. It argues that physical boundaries within colonial plantation settlements symbolized the social divisions between plantation managers and workers, as well as between colonizers and the colonized. As integral components of the cultural landscape, these settlements seamlessly integrated natural and industrial elements through meticulously planned building layouts. Structures were arranged in clusters according to profession and social status, highlighting the polarized social stratification of colonial plantation society. Upper-class managers, predominantly white Europeans, occupied privileged spaces, while lower-class workers, comprising colonized indigenous Indonesians, resided in more modest accommodations. These physical boundaries, rooted in ethnic and class distinctions, evolved in response to broader social, political, and cultural changes within and beyond the plantation context.