Government Welfare Research Articles

Analysis of understanding level of government welfare schemes (Among beedi workers of unorganized sector)

Beedi fabricating is perhaps the biggest business in India utilizing a huge number of laborers, lion’s share of them beingladies and kids. It falls under the class of sloppy area and thusly draws in numerous shades of malice like helpless workingconditions, absence of execution of government rules and guidelines, work of kid work, low wages, sporadic business, etc.The government has arranged and carried out numerous government assistance plans for these laborers that incorporate health advantages, protection, lodging, schooling, diversion, maternity, and so on for their upliftment. Nonetheless, the degree of attention to these plans is very low and execution is negligible because of the low degree of training among these specialists. The current investigation dives into the segment profile of these specialists alongside their degree of mindfulness in regard to government assistance plans. The information was gathered from Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh from 347 respondents. The information was investigated utilizing proportions of focal inclination, chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis test. The definite investigation of information uncovered that these specialists are having low pay and instruction-level, generally utilizing ladies from the moderately aged gatherings. These laborers are tolerably mindful about the plans and lower age-bunch laborers are more mindful about government assistance programs than their senior partners. The investigation proposes approaches to ad-lib the everyday environments of these laborers and plans to make mindfulness about the government assistance program of the public authority.

Implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan keuangan desa

The purpose of this article is to analyze and describe the implementation of village financial management policies (ADD, DD and DBH), as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of village community financial management policies (ADD, DD and DBH) intended to improve welfare and good governance. The implimentation of the management of village finances (ADD DD and DBH) creates negative phenomena or phenomena that is not on target. The research method is a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the analysis, based on the van Meter and van Horn policy implementation model, indicates that five of the six variables affect the successful implementation of village financial management policies while one variable, namely the external environment, does not affect the successful implementation of village financial policies. The supporting factors are the existence of regulations, community participation, internal and external cooperation, while the obstacles are the regulations that often change and the delay in distribution to the RKD. Keywords: implementation, policy, village financial, prosperity, good governance

The Impact of COVID-19 on Economic Well-being and Health Outcomes among Transgender Women in India.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related lockdowns in India have disrupted the meager sources of income of many transgender women, including those in the hijra subculture who largely rely on money from providing blessings, begging, and sex work. Many have expended savings and taken high-interest loans, contributing to psychological distress. For hijras engaged in sex work, challenges to negotiating condom use and adhering to COVID-19 protective measures increase risks for contracting HIV and COVID-19 amid decreased access to HIV services. Many transgender women face challenges accessing COVID-19-related government welfare programs as they lack legal gender identity documents. Multisectoral and transgender-competent approaches are needed to mitigate the impact of the pandemic.

How Welfare Professions Contribute to the Making of Welfare Governance: Professional Agency and Institutional Work in Elder Care

AbstractWelfare governance in elder care has undergone significant changes, but we know less about the processes and actors of making welfare governance. This is problematic, as the concern for process is a key strength of the welfare governance perspective. Based on a case study of elder care in Denmark, and drawing on studies of professions, the aim is to analyse how welfare professions contribute to the making of welfare governance. Our analysis shows that welfare professions bring unique resources into play. They have strong professional agency, drawing on both broader institutional roles and more specific professional projects. The institutional work itself is highly complex and the welfare professions combine not only formal and informal coordination, but also do so in ways that are closely tailored to specific contexts. The analysis makes important empirical and theoretical contributions to the study of welfare governance in elder care.

Women’s representation and government welfare spending in Indonesia 1970—2020

Women’s participation in decision-making process is imperative in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs), as their representation will improve the quality of development in the society. Cross-national studies suggest that the number of women in parliament and in the labor-force are closely associated with higher government spending on education and health. Other studies highlight the correlation between women’s share in parliament with better economic performance measured by GDP per capita. Using a unique dataset for the years spanning from 1970 to 2020, this paper aims to unpack the experience in Indonesia, an emerging economy in Asia with a relatively stable democracy. The findings suggest that women’s presence in the national parliament correlates strongly positive with higher GDP. Also, with a weaker correlation, more women elected as legislator, bigger fiscal allocation by the government for education and health. On the other hand, the impact of women’s participation in the labor force has less significant connection with government welfare spending in Indonesia.

Stirring up lessons for food activists [Book review

The book Stirrings examines the anti-hunger efforts of the food movement in the latter part of the 20th century for lessons in their suc­cesses and failures, as well as relevance to the modern food movement in America. Its six chap­ters examine four food nonprofits’ responses to hunger and its causes in urban New York City (NYC). The diversity of these case studies allowed for multidimensional analyses and insights of how groups of people can work to challenge policy pri­ori­ties and change social values that cause hunger. The context of the case studies is established in the introduction by recounting the history and politics of the awareness of hunger and poverty in Amer­ica, the “land of plenty and wealth” during the 1960s, and the subsequent federal government anti-hunger and welfare programs (e.g., War on Poverty and food stamps programs). This context also includes the drastic reductions of these pro­grams, first by the austerity budget measures of the mid-1970s and then by the rise of neoliberal gov­ernment policies starting in the 1980s. This infor­mation is intended to inform the reader of the raison d’etre for the rise and diversity of food activism movement described in this book. . . .

The Transcending Age: A Study of Psycho-social Wellbeing of Elderly Women in India

India is witnessing rapid growth of elderly population. The population aged 60 years or older
 is projected to climb from 9% in 2015 to 19% in 2050 and to 32% in 2100 (UN, 2017). Aging
 population requires attention on their physical, social and emotional well-being. Wellbeing
 encompasses multiple interactive components which are beyond the conventional issues of
 health and diseases. There is multitude of social relationships and dynamics of social roles
 that women in this age negotiate in their lives. Family dynamics, compatibility with partner,
 household headship, decision making and level of autonomy, incidences of domestic violence,
 security concerns, care-giving, perceptions of self, societal status do influence quality of life
 and wellbeing.
 Using primary survey data of 165 women aged 60 to 65 years residing in urban areas in
 Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) interviewed during first quarter of 2018, the paper
 attempts to understand what does well-being mean to them, how do they ensure it, what are the
 psycho-social barriers and how do they overcome them. Purposive sampling and snowballing
 techniques has been employed to identify these women.
 Increase in health related problems especially mobility issues, lifestyle diseases along with
 depression were predominant in this age. For women in post 60 years of age, respect and
 appreciation from family and society is vital to ensure their happiness, while family bonding
 and overall contentment stands out for ensuring wellbeing. Religious pursuits and social
 interaction are the fundamental coping mechanisms from stress. Inadequate and incomplete
 education and early marriage rooted in patriarchy and financial dependence are the principal
 sources of regret in lives of these women. Widowed women were identified as the most
 vulnerable. Women in the lowest income group and literacy level were further marginalized
 and needed help from state. Evident gaps were reported in the existing welfare government
 schemes for this age.

Impact of Government Welfare Schemes on Empowerment of Minority Women in Karnataka

Impact of Government Welfare Schemes on Empowerment of Minority Women in Karnataka

Labor Market Hardships and Preferences for Public Sector Employment and Employers: Evidence from Russia

A growing literature connects labor market hardships to stronger preferences for government welfare and redistribution programs. Potential preference shifts with respect to other types of state involvement in the economy, however, have gone unexplored. We draw on both longitudinal and pseudo-panel data from Russia to explore how labor market hardships relate to preferences for public sector employment and employers. In fixed effects specifications, we demonstrate that feelings of job insecurity, experiences with wage arrears, and spells of unemployment all increase the attractiveness of work in the public sector. Pseudo-panel data provide only mixed evidence as to whether such effects endure over the longer run.

Poland's syndrome with dextroposition and paradoxical breathing.

An asymptomatic 60-year-old woman presented to our outpatient clinic for a routine health screening as part of a government welfare program. Her medical history was unremarkable, however physical examination revealed hypoplasia of the left chest wall muscles, breast tissue, nipple, absence of axillary hair, absence of the costal cartilages of upper ribs on the left side of the chest and brachydactyly in the left hand. There was also paradoxical breathing at the levels of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th rib of the left chest. The rest of the examination was unremarkable. The chest radiograph revealed reduced upper left hemithorax volume with partial rib agenesis of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th rib, bilateral cervical ribs, dextroposition of the heart and mid thoracic scoliosis with convexity to the left. A 12-lead electrocardiogram revealed a sinus rhythm with a normal axis, lead 1 has upright P, QRS, and T waves and aVR is globally negative. The precordial leads show normal R Waves in V1-4, deep S waves in V1-2, small S waves in V3-4 and no S waves in V5-6. There is diminution of the precordial complexes in V3, 4, 5 and 6. These findings are consistent with a dextroposition of the heart. The blood investigations were unremarkable. The findings from physical examination, chest radiograph and 12 lead electrocardiogram are consistent with Poland's Syndrome. As the patient was otherwise well and not bothered by her condition, no treatment was initiated for her.

At the intersection of immigration and welfare governance in the United States: State, county and frontline levels and clients’ perspectives

Abstract The U.S welfare reform of 1996 restricted the eligibility of immigrants and introduced a punitive and devolved workfare system. While previous studies explained state variation in the welfare eligibility rules for immigrants, few studies have examined the intersection of immigration and welfare governance within a state. We choose the Californian welfare-to-work (WTW) program as a case, most likely to be inclusive to immigrants. Analyzing statistics, documents, and interviews at the state, county, and frontline levels, however, we also reveal multiple exclusionary mechanisms at various policy levels, such as complicated processes and insufficient translations. Our analysis of immigrant clients’ interviews helps to understand why many immigrants decide not to apply for welfare and how even WTW participants with an immigration background experience fear and are especially vulnerable to unfair treatments. Thus, the implementation of the punitive workfare regime along with the restrictive immigration regime can contradict the aim of WTW-policy to lead families in poverty to selfsufficiency.

The Appearance of an Interminable Natural History and its Ends Foucault’s Lectures on The Birth of Biopolitics at the Collège de France 1979

While the analysis of liberalism fills much of The Birth of Biopolitics, the focus of Foucault’s discussion is on the dynamic, equivocal and enigmatic contemporary condition at the intersection of welfare governance, biopolitics and neo-liberalism of the late seventies. This article examines The Birth of Biopolitics as a prolongation of Security, Territoriality and Population by analyzing how Foucault frames liberalism in the wider historical context of governmentality.
 In Foucault’s view, governmentality should be understood as a secular rationalization of the art of government. While the pastoral power of the Catholic Church was wielded against the backdrop of eschatology and the imminence of the end of worldly power, the early modern concept of reason of state brought with it the idea of an interminable history. Governmentality and reason of state spring from an undecided and precarious European balance of power between competing states. In order to measure up to external competition, individual states are required to develop a system of policing that collects detailed knowledge of the body politic. Insofar as the logic of the population as a collection of living beings comes to the fore as a primary target of government intervention, the imperatives of biopolitics and the politics of health arise.
 Liberalism forms an important modification of the double heritage of reason of state and biopolitics. This is a rationalization of government that, rather than breaking with the fundamental assumptions of governmentality, critically addresses the basic criteria for good government. Stressing the necessity for good government to acknowledge and incorporate the self-regulation of the population it governs, liberalism thus articulates a new kind of naturalness intrinsic to the population springing from the interaction between individuals motivated by self-interest. As a basic principle for its understanding of governing, liberalism embraces a natural history without any transcendental horizons, a secular and tragic natural history in which freedom can never be taken for granted insofar as its participants constantly constitute a danger for one another. It is also a mode of history in which the art of government is constantly called upon and forced to organize and secure the conditions for the exercise and development of freedom. For Foucault, thus, the liberal art of government is not a position to be affirmed or denied. Rather, the liberal art of government draws the outline of an experience of historicity that is an experience of an ongoing and unsettling, but also unending, crisis.

Increased child abuse in Uganda amidst COVID-19 pandemic.

Globally, COVID-19 lockdown measures have exposed children to more sexual, physical and emotional abuse and neglect. Although the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have long-lasting adverse psychological effects on children, there have been comparatively few studies on children's health as compared with adults, particularly in low-income countries. Uganda implemented one of the most stringent lockdowns with bans on transportation and gatherings as well as the closure of schools, stores and places of worship. In order to address the dearth of information in less developed regions, the article aims to provide an insight into the increased cases of child abuse in Uganda during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data and information were primarily compiled from government and child welfare organisation open-source databases. The psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 have greatly disrupted the living conditions of children, limiting their access to basic needs such as food and health care. In addition, there is a lack of social support, thus putting children at an increased risk of different forms of child abuse. Since the implementation of the COVID-19 lockdown in Uganda, there has been a rise in the incidence of child abuse. Increased cases of physical and sexual abuse against children have been reported in different parts of the country as well as increased cases of child labour. To strengthen child protection during the COVID-19 pandemic, this article highlights a need for multi-level stakeholder cooperation to ensure increased funding, increased community awareness and sensitisation, early detection and effective management and referral of child abuse cases.

Explaining system-level change in welfare governance: the role of policy indeterminacy and concatenations of social mechanisms

This paper argues that a certain level of indeterminacy in policy design may be a factor facilitating rather than hindering system-level change in welfare governance arrangements, provided it is combined with the triggering of specific concatenations of social mechanisms shaping the dynamics of the change process. The argument is illustrated by an analysis of a case of systemic change in chronic disease management occurred in the Italian region of Lombardy over 2016-2017, when a radically novel governance of chronic disease for the 10 million population was put in place (a health care system that was later tested to its limits by the COVID-19 pandemic outburst which reached dramatic intensity in this region). This represented a major change in a key area of social and health policy. We claim that such change processes may be studied by means of the conceptual tools of social mechanisms. The analysis of social mechanisms represents a lively research agenda for explaining change in public governance and public policy.

Correlates of Alcohol Consumption Among a Socially-Disadvantaged Population in Poland

Alcohol consumption at a level exceeding existing recommendations is one of the leading risk factors for death and disability worldwide. The aim of the study was to identify correlates of alcohol drinking among a socially-disadvantaged population in Poland. The cross-sectional study covered 1644 adult social assistance beneficiaries from the Piotrkowski district (rural area in central Poland). A detailed questionnaire filled in during a face-to-face interview allowed for the collection of socio-demographic, lifestyle-related (including alcohol consumption) and health status data. About 42% of the participants, including 67% of the men and 30% of the women, exceeded the recommended level of alcohol consumption. In the adjusted model, the men tended not to follow recommendations for alcohol consumption more frequently than the women (OR = 4.5, p < 0.001). The higher odds of not following alcohol-related recommendations were also observed for the subjects declaring having a permanent or temporary job compared to the unemployed participants (OR = 1.2, p = 0.04). A lower healthy lifestyle index (indicating an unhealthy lifestyle related to a diet, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and tobacco smoking) was associated with not following recommendations for alcohol consumption (OR = 1.1, p = 0.04). Our study indicates that being men, having a permanent or a temporary job, and coexistence of other unfavorable lifestyle-related factors are important correlates of not following recommendations for alcohol consumption among the beneficiaries of government welfare assistance.

ประเภทความพิการและการเข้าถึงข้อมูลด้านสวัสดิการและบริการจากรัฐของสตรีพิการไทย

The purpose of this study was to study factors that are related to informative assessment of the benefits provided to people with special needs. A mixed method research design was employed using both quantitative research and qualitative research with in-depth interviews in the conduct of the study. The sample group comprised 2,283 women with disabilities. The results were presented using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. The study found that main variables in accessing information of government welfare and services includes types of disability, and household characteristics. Women whose disabilities were visual and hearing impairments were found to have fewer opportunities to access information compared with others. Women with disabilities who lived with their partners had greater opportunities to access such information. This result correlated with the in-depth interviews as both suggested that the government should offer people with special needs appropriate media based on the type of disability, as well as consider feminism in the contents of the information provided. Creating content and distributing news to women with disabilities is a sensitive matter yet essential with regard to feminism. The study suggests to have a central guideline on the appropriate media for women with disabilities based on different types of disability. There is a need to encourage positive attitudes toward women with disabilities, emphasizing that they are not a burden; rather, they are a powerful driver in the family and society to move forward sustainable work practices, justice, and fulfilling the various demands placed on them.

"Near-Miss" Obstetric Events and Maternal Deaths in a Rural Tertiary Care Center in North India.

IntroductionMaternal near-miss and maternal mortality cases have common characters, especially in terms of risk factors. Both of them are indicators of the quality of health care services provided to pregnant women. Our center is a tertiary care center in a rural area of western Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) so we get a large number of referred cases from most of the rural areas of western U.P. and the adjoining areas of other states too, which sometimes end up in mortality. Thus this study was planned to find out the incidence of maternal near-miss events and compare the nature of near-miss events with maternal mortality.Goal and objectivesThe main objectives of the study were to determine the frequency of maternal near-miss events, observe the trend of near-miss events, and compare the nature of near-miss events with maternal mortality.Materials and methodsIt was a retrospective study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences (UPUMS), Saifai, Etawah, from July 2018 - June 2019, over a period of one year. Potentially life-threatening conditions and maternal mortalities were noted from the records of the hospital after taking ethical clearance from the institute. Near-miss cases were noted based on the Health and Family Welfare Government of India guidelines 2014. Data were collected and statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY).ResultsThe maternal near-miss incidence ratio was 16.6/1000 live births, the maternal near-miss to mortality ratio was 1.9:1, and the mortality index was 0.34%. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were the most common causes of near-miss events (45.8%) followed by hemorrhage (23.6%) in this study.ConclusionsHypertensive disorders in pregnancy and hemorrhage were the two leading causes of near-miss events and mortality followed by sepsis. As the near-miss analysis indicates, the quality of health care and causes are almost similar to maternal mortality, so its registry should be done along with maternal mortality.

Impacto de la eliminación de impuestos sobre el consumo de alimentos y productos agrícolas en Brasil

Este trabajo analiza el impacto de eliminar impuestos a los alimentos y bienes de la agricultura para las regiones de Brasil. El impacto de la transferencia de la clase que posee mayor ingreso a la recaudación del gobierno fue también evaluada. Se observaron impactos positivos en el bienestar familiar, pero una caída en el bienestar del gobierno. Considerando la transferencia de ingresos, la cuenta del Estado es restablecida con una disminución del bienestar del sector privado, siendo una política efectiva.

Urban Social Housing Pathways: A Linked Administrative Data Analysis

ABSTRACT This paper presents a national analysis of urban housing pathways. Focussing on the social housing sector, we follow social housing tenants as they move into, out of, and remain in, the sector over 15 years. Utilising a linked actuarial dataset, the paper reveals a typology of pathways, and examines the relationship between housing pathways and the receipt of broader government welfare. We find that not only is there no one social housing pathway in Australia; at different times in a household’s housing career, social housing may be used by them as a momentary stepping-stone, a safety net, or a springboard.

Clinical Management of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Pregnancy and Outcome- Case Reports

Bangladesh is a South East Asian country; the first case of COVID-19 was detected in early March 2020. In a land where 2.11% of the total world population resides; a devastating surge of the Pandemic of COVID-19 was anticipated to overwhelm the health sectors [1]. Specific high risk groups were identified and possible efforts to minimize both morbidity and mortality have been ensured. Pilot health projects launched with mass campaigns on preventive measures from COVID-19 and to educate people about mode of transmission, home treatment and isolations in mild cases. Apart from general cases, the obstetric cases became a delicate challenge for health professionals. Here both mother and babies requires standard treatment protocol, care along with unprecedented psychological support system for the mothers in all three antepartam, intrapartam and postpartam periods. A well designed care protocol introduced for neonatal care. A national guideline on clinical management of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been developed on 30th March 2020 by Disease Control Division in combination with Director General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh [2]. The guidelines have been updated time to time to incorporate latest evidence and recommendations of WHO. New COVID-19 units reconstructed both in Government and Private sectors with adequate logistics, ICU support and trained stuffs with proper mother and baby isolation centers. A comprehensive infection prevention and control (IPC) is strictly maintained in every aspects of case management from community to hospital ICU. Severe and critical cases are treated in designated COVID-19 hospitals or units. Laboratory for patient screening tests and triage became a huge challenge for health facilities required constant supervision. Proper early diagnosis and case detection became the success tool of the disease. Two obstetric cases COVID-19 (SARS CoV2 virus) treatment and outcome have been discussed in this topic to highlight the management issue and to adopting national protocol.