Wien Bridge Research Articles

Dynamical probing and multiple actions of linear offset boosting of constants in Josephson junction instigated by Wien bridge oscillator embedded in the microcontroller

Dynamical probing and multiple actions of linear offset boosting of constants in Josephson junction instigated by Wien bridge oscillator embedded in the microcontroller

Numerical Exploration of a Network of Nonlocally Coupled Josephson Junction Spurred by Wien BridgeOscillators

This paper focuses on the numerical study of the collective dynamics of nonlocally coupled Josephson junctions (JJ) driven by Wien bridge oscillators (JJSWBOs). A single JJSWBO exhibits monostable and bistable chaotic behaviors, bistable period-3 oscillations, and a coexistence of regular and chaotic dynamics. To explore the network's collective dynamics, the local dynamics are set in a bistable regime, with initial conditions ensuring random distribution of units on these two types of behavior. Increasing the coupling strength transitions the network from complete incoherence to coherent traveling waves via a chimera state.

Design Wien Bridge Oscillator for VLF to VHF Using Practical Op – Amp

Design Wien Bridge Oscillator for VLF to VHF Using Practical Op – Amp

Synchronization through frequency shuffling.

A wide variety of engineered and natural systems are modeled as networks of coupled nonlinear oscillators. In nature, the intrinsic frequencies of these oscillators are not constant in time. Here, we probe the effect of such a temporal heterogeneity on coupled oscillator networks through the lens of the Kuramoto model. To do this, we shuffle repeatedly the intrinsic frequencies among the oscillators at either random or regular time intervals. What emerges is the remarkable effect that frequent shuffling induces earlier onset (i.e., at a lower coupling) of synchrony among the oscillator phases. Our study provides a novel strategy to induce and control synchrony under resource constraints. We demonstrate our results analytically and in experiments with a network of Wien Bridge oscillators with internal frequencies being shuffled in time.

On compensating the source resistance of the familiar Wien bridge networks

On compensating the source resistance of the familiar Wien bridge networks

Pseudorandom number generation derived from Josephson junction stimulated by Wien bridge oscillator embedded in the microcontroller

Pseudorandom number generation derived from Josephson junction stimulated by Wien bridge oscillator embedded in the microcontroller

Chaos and multistability in Josephson junction spurred by a Wien bridge oscillator: microcontroller implementation, chaotic and coexisting attractors controls

This paper explores the dynamics, microcontroller realization, chaotic, and coexisting attractors controls in the Josephson junction (JJ) spurred by the Wien bridge oscillator (WBO). The JJ spurred by WBO (JJSWBO) is designed by coupling through a gain a resistive-capacitive shunted JJ (RCSJJ) circuit to a WBO. The JJSWBO exhibits bistable periodic, monostable chaotic, and coexisting attractors as well as period-doubling bifurcation to chaos. A microcontroller implementation of JJSWBO is used to establish the dynamical behaviors spotted in JJSWBO during the numerical simulations. Moreover, two configured single controllers are engrossed to subdue the chaotic and coexisting behavior in JJSWBO. Lastly, thanks to the linear augmentation method, the coexisting attractors of JJSWBO are controlled to the desired trajectory.

Use of memristor-based chaotic circuits in AM-DCSK and FM-DCSK modulation

In this paper, digital communications systems are built by taking advantage of hyperchaotic circuits implemented with an active flux-controlled memristor. The signals produced by these hyperchaotic circuits with rich chaotic dynamics obtained by replacing the nonlinear element with the memristor in the Chua circuit and the Wien bridge oscillator are used as carriers in digital communications systems. The dynamic behavior of memristor-based hyperchaotic circuits has a high degree of disorder. Therefore, they offer better system performance in many practical applications such as broadband signal generation, encryption and secure communications compared to the already used ordinary chaotic systems. To demonstrate the excellent system performance of memristor-based chaotic circuits, they are applied to two variants of differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) communications schemes. Both the Amplitude Modulated Differential Chaos Shift Keying (AM-DCSK) and Frequency-modulated differential chaos shift keying (FM-DCSK) have been considered. The Bit Error Rate (BER) performances of the proposed AM-DCSK and FM-DCSK systems are evaluated in an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.

Two MOS transistor based floating memristor circuit and its application as oscillator

This research article reports a novel off–the-shelf floating memristor circuit based on MOS transistor. The proposed memristor circuit comprises one NMOS, one PMOS and a constant current source. The designed circuit utilized intrinsic parasitic capacitance instead of conventional metal plate capacitor. Pinch hysteresis curve of the designed memristor is maintained for range of frequencies from 380 kHz to 1 GHz. Parameters of the proposed circuit may be tuned by varying the bias current of current source. Performance of the proposed circuit is verified by SPICE simulator using 0.18 µm CMOS technology parameter. In addition, Process corner variation, temperature variation, supply voltage variation and variation in size of transistor are investigated to justify the robustness of the designed circuit. Total power consumption of the designed memristor is 4 µW. Chip area of the proposed circuit is 336.55 µm2. Moreover, applications of the proposed circuit are well described with memristor based Schmitt Trigger circuit and Wien Bridge oscillator circuit.

Engineering spatiotemporal patterns: information encoding, processing, and controllability in oscillator ensembles

The ability to finely manipulate spatiotemporal patterns displayed in neuronal populations is critical for understanding and influencing brain functions, sleep cycles, and neurological pathologies. However, such control tasks are challenged not only by the immense scale but also by the lack of real-time state measurements of neurons in the population, which deteriorates the control performance. In this paper, we formulate the control of dynamic structures in an ensemble of neuron oscillators as a tracking problem and propose a principled control technique for designing optimal stimuli that produce desired spatiotemporal patterns in a network of interacting neurons without requiring feedback information. We further reveal an interesting presentation of information encoding and processing in a neuron ensemble in terms of its controllability property. The performance of the presented technique in creating complex spatiotemporal spiking patterns is demonstrated on neural populations described by mathematically ideal and biophysical models, including the Kuramoto and Hodgkin-Huxley models, as well as real-time experiments on Wein bridge oscillators.

Exact Inductorless Realization of Chua Circuit Using Two Active Elements

In this brief, we present two inductorless realizations of Chua’s circuit in an exact form while using only two active elements, namely a current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) for the precise implementation of the Chua circuit equations, and an op-amp for the realization of the active nonlinear resistor. First, we analyze the widely used Wien bridge based modified Chua circuit and apply a variable transformation and reveal the difference of its mathematical model from the original Chua circuit in a precise form. Second, we present an exact inductorless implementation of the Chua circuit employing the Wien bridge structure, using two active elements only. Third, we introduce another simple yet exact inductorless implementation of the Chua circuit with a featured property where the state variable corresponding to the inductor current of the original Chua circuit can be accessed as a capacitor voltage. Chaotic attractors obtained by experimental realizations match well with the result of numerical simulations, demonstrating the success of the proposed designs.

A 16 MHz CMOS RC Frequency Reference With ±90 ppm Inaccuracy From −45 °C to 85 °C

This article presents a 16-MHz <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</i> frequency reference implemented in a standard 180-nm CMOS process. It consists of a frequency-locked loop (FLL) in which the output frequency of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is locked to the frequency-phase characteristic of a Wien bridge <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</i> filter. Since it is made from on-chip resistors and capacitors, the filter’s characteristic is temperature dependent. To compensate for this, the control signal of the DCO is derived by digitizing the filter’s output phase and combining it with the digital output of a Wheatstone bridge temperature sensor. After a two-point trim, this digital temperature compensation scheme achieves an inaccuracy of ±90 ppm from −45 °C to 85 °C. The frequency reference draws 220 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from a 1.8-V supply, with a supply sensitivity of 0.12%/V and a 320-ppb Allan Deviation floor for a 10-s stride.

Four-Scroll Hyperchaotic Attractor in a Five-Dimensional Memristive Wien Bridge Oscillator: Analysis and Digital Electronic Implementation

An electronic implementation of a novel Wien bridge oscillation with antiparallel diodes is proposed in this paper. As a result, we show by using classical nonlinear dynamic tools like bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent plots, phase portraits, power density spectra graphs, time series, and basin of attraction that the oscillator transition to chaos is operated by intermittency and interior crisis. Some interesting behaviors are found, namely, multistability, hyperchaos, transient chaos, and bursting oscillations. In comparison with some memristor-based oscillators, the plethora of dynamics found in this circuit with current-voltage (i–v) characteristic of diodes mounted in the antiparallel direction represents a major advance in the knowledge of the behavior of this circuit. A suitable microcontroller based design is built to support the numerical findings as these experimental results are in good agreement.

Analysis of Wien Bridge Oscillator Designed Using BJT and Memristor with Different Window Functions

In this document, first of all, code sections of memristor window functions (Strukov, Joglekar, Biolek and Prodromakis) were created in Pspice package program in detail. Then, the design of the wien bridge oscillator circuit with BJT with a memristor with different window functions was created. Finally, the system's oscillation start time, oscillation band settling time and center oscillation frequency analysis data were imported into the Matlab program and a comprehensive presentation was made. It was seen that the output responses of the wien bridge oscillator circuit realized with the Strukov window function were better than the other window functions. It has also been shown that designs that can be realized with memristor with different window functions in various analog oscillator circuits that can be made in the future can be obtained with this method.

A Simple Chaotic Wien Bridge Oscillator with a Fractional-Order Memristor and Its Combination Synchronization for Efficient Antiattack Capability

Memristor-based oscillators are of recent interest, and hence, in this paper, we introduce a new Wien bridge oscillator with a fractional-order memristor. The novelty of the proposed oscillator is the multistability feature and the wide range of fractional orders for which the system shows chaos. We have investigated the various dynamical properties of the proposed oscillator and have presented them in detail. The oscillator is then realized using off-the-shelf components, and the results are compared with that of the numerical results. A combination synchronization scheme is proposed which uses more than one driver systems to synchronize with one response system. Indeed, we use two different techniques where the first one consists of splitting the transmitted signals into two parts where each part is loaded in different drive systems, while the second one consists of dividing time into different intervals and loading the signals in different drive systems. Such techniques improve the antiattack capability of the systems when used for secure communication.

Periodic orbits in dynamic systems with Wien Bridge

The following document showed the state space system that governs the behavior of the Wien Bridge, which is an electronic oscillator that generates sinusoidal waves, through an amplifier fed back by a bridge composed of four resistors and two capacitors. Through the simulations carried out, the existence of periodic orbits was verified when this system operates in a stable state. For this, the limit cycles were studied by being able to determine the origin of the periodic oscillation in the circuit in areas very close to the point of stability by means of the focus-center-limit cycle bifurcation presented in the Poincaré-Bendixon Theorem.

Design of a hyperchaotic memristive circuit based on wien bridge oscillator

In this paper, a hyperchaotic memristive circuit that is based on a Wien bridge oscillator structure is introduced. The circuit contains an active flux-controlled memristor that is characterized with a smooth continuous cubic nonlinearity. Firstly, a floating implementation of the memristor is used in order to show the flexibility of the element and consequently, a typical application example is analyzed by employing it as the nonlinear element in Chua circuit. Later, the simulation and the experimental realization of the hyperchaotic memristive circuit are performed, resulting in a consistent match between them. Moreover, the dynamics of the proposed hyperchaotic system are theoretically examined in detail. When compared to similar work in the literature, the proposed hyperchaotic system demonstrates clear improvements such as non-clipping amplitude behavior and simplified circuit implementation along with rich chaotic dynamics. The proposed circuit can further be implemented for chaotic encryption, communication systems and synchronous control applications.

Neural network‐based target‐type flowmeter for high‐velocity liquid flow measurement

Target flowmeter is commonly used for measuring flow rates, but there are some shortcomings of the conventional target flowmeter such as complex structure, low sensitivity, non-linearity. Here, a reluctance-type target flowmeter has been developed which converts the flow rates into an electrical signal using a modified Maxwell–Wien bridge. Two ferromagnetic cores are used in which one is attached to the target disc and in other core, coils are winded. These two cores along with coils convert the displacement of the target disc into a change in inductance. The change in inductance is converted into an electrical signal using a modified bridge. The electrical output is non-linear with respect to the flow rate. The electrical output is linearised with the help of a neural network technique. This minimises the non-linearity error up to 0.27% of full scale output (FSO). This research study includes a theoretical analysis of the proposed flow transmitter. This sensor has been designed and tested for a 0–2000 liters per hour (LPH) range in the laboratory. Experimental studies revealed that the transmitter under investigation possessed linear characteristics and obeyed the theoretical equations.

Wien Oscillator Using Organic Enzyme‐Chemiresistors for Fused Measurement of Glucose and Lactate

Total body sensor networks for physiological (diagnostic biosensors) and biomechanical (force and motion) systems require data fusion through several algorithms. A novel, device‐level method of sensor data fusion is presented. This biomimetic concept is demonstrated through the development of glucose and lactate sensitive chemiresistors in a biologically responsive Wien bridge oscillator circuit. Biocompatible and bioresponsive polymers suitable for integration of molecular recognition and transduction yield stimuli‐responsive chemiresistors. The analyte‐responsive chemiresistors are electroconductive hydrogels that separately incorporate the enzymes glucose oxidase and/or lactate oxidase that are conjugated with single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and embedded in a percolating network of conductive polymer (polypyrrole). The input of the system is the chemical potential of the analytes, glucose and lactate, acting through the biological activity of immobilized enzymes, and the output of the system is a single sinusoidal wave from which the concentrations of glucose and lactate can be deconvoluted from the amplitude and DC offset, respectively. This engineered system, based on soft bioelectronic circuit elements, aims to offer simultaneous, real‐time analyte biosensing at a biomolecular level in a move toward biologically responsive circuits and eventually, bioanalytical systems suitable for indwelling in human tissue for extended periods of time.

Transmitting and Receiving Ultrasound Wave Based on Laser Light

Our project was divided into two distinct sections, circuit transmitting and receiving ultrasoundWave Based on Laser Light. A Wien Bridge and a Triangle Wave Oscillators used to obtain a sineand a triangular wave, respectively. A comparator circuit which produces Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) that has the same frequency for triangle wave. The PWM was used to drive laserdiode that produced laser light through by MOSFET transistor and received this light by receivingcircuit which consists of a photodiode with resistor as a voltage divider, amplifier circuit to amplifythe signal and filter to get any desired frequency. The main objective of this project primarilywas to realize a transmission-reception system to transfer ultrasound Frequency via Laser withouta guiding medium, using modulation with little quality loss.