Flour Weight Research Articles

Preference and Nutritional Content of Black Wheat Snack Bar with Hibiscus Flavor

The development of snack bar products using black wheat as the base ingredient and hibiscus flavoring is expected to yield new variations of snack bar products. This study aimed to: Determine the preference levels for the color, aroma, texture, and taste of black wheat snack bars with hibiscus flavor; 2 Determine the carbohydrate, fat, and fiber content of snack bars that are accepted by consumers. The research employed experimental methods, sensory evaluation, and laboratory testing. Three experimental designs were used, involving the addition of hibiscus powder at 5%, 10%, and 15% of the weight of black wheat flour. Data obtained from sensory evaluations were analyzed descriptively, while data from nutritional content test were compared with Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). The research results indicated that the black wheat snack bar with 15% hibiscus powder addition was the most preferred product among the panelists, with 60% of panelists choosing this product. The nutritional content per 30g serving of the black wheat snack bar with hibiscus flavor included 21.9g of carbohydrates, 4.4g of fat, and 1.6g of fiber. Therefore, by consuming this snack bar, 7% of the RDA for carbohydrates, 7% of the RDA for fat, and 5% of the RDA for fiber can be met. In conclusion, this product can be recommended to individuals who want to maintain their health despite frequent snack consumption.

Mempelajari Pengaruh Suhu dan Jenis Jeroan terhadap Mutu Tepung Jeroan

Animal feed with high protein content is currently difficult to obtain and has a relatively expensive price, so that the nutritional needs of livestock are less fulfilled. Therefore, this research was done to get livestock feed with good characteristics and to get information on the utilization of chicken organ meats to substitute fish flour in animal feed formulations of fish and poultry.The aim of the study was to study the temperature effect of 50oC, 70oC and 90oC and effectthe type of innards to the final water content, protein and color. Discover the highest protein content of intestinal starch, gizzard and chicken liver after the drying phase with 3 temperature parameters that is 50oC, 70oC, and 90oC. The research stage was carried out with the process of cleaning innards, cutting samples with a thickness of 0.2 cm for the liver and gizzard and a length of 5 cm for the intestine. The next process is drying, then measuring water content, grinding using a blender, sifting using a mesh 50 sieve, then a protein analysis is performed. The parameters observed in this research are moisture content, protein and color250 gram samples of wet innards can produce the average weight of chicken offal flour at all drying temperatures of 30.17 grams and can produce a yield value of 12.06%. The optimum temperature needed for the chicken offal drying process is at a temperature of 90 C with the old drying for 12 hours. The type of chicken innards (intestines, liver and gizzard) does not affect the water content in the end also protein but affects the color of chicken innards. The highest protein innards in the temperature of 90 C, has a percentage of protein in the intestines of 69.8%, liver 70.1%, and angizzard of 71.6%. Keywords: Chicken Innards, Color, Offal Flour, Protein, Temperature.

Water absorption of food wheat flour – comparison of direct and indirect methods

The study aims to compare three methods used for the evaluation of water absorption of wheat flour: a) a direct method consisting of a standard procedure on a Farinograph-E device and b) two indirect methods, namely NIR spectroscopy and centrifugation. Forty-four samples of Czech food wheat were collected from the harvest year 2021. Namely, 23 samples of food wheat from the standard maturity collection ‘SM2’ and 21 samples from the early maturity collection ‘EM2’. All wheat samples were ground to obtain wheat flour of fine granulation. The flour samples were characterised by protein and ash content of 10.55-14.75% and of 0,59-0.63%, respectively. The water absorption ranged from 55.7% to 63.2% flour weight (Farinograph standard procedure), 60.1-67.1% flour weight (NIR spectroscopy), and 67.6-77.2% flour weight (centrifugation). Based on the results obtained by ANOVA statistical analysis, no significant difference was found for all qualitative parameters of SM2 and EM2 (p = 95%). According to the mentioned methods for both indirect determinations of water absorption in the sets SM2 and EM2, the prediction of the standard farinograph water absorption was more accurate using the NIR technique (minimal and maximal pair differences of 1.01 and 6.86 percentage points, in contrast to 1.78 and 14.87 percentage points for the centrifugation method). Linear regression confirmed the primary importance of protein content for the water absorption values. Also, the ash content should be considered because it reflects the dietary fibre level, and the fibre influences the water absorption values as well.

УЛУЧШЕНИЕ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬСКИХ СВОЙСТВ СЫРНИКОВ ПУТЁМ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПСИЛЛИУМА

A The article is devoted to the study of the influence of psyllium on the quality and nutritional value of cheesecakes in order to enrich them with minerals, vitamins and dietary fibers. One of the most important tasks of the food industry is to provide all categories of consumers with high-quality and safe food products, taking into account the necessary amount of micro- and macronutrients. The unfavorable environmental situ-ation in large cities causes the need to enrich products with biologically active substances, balancing the amino acid, fatty acid composition. Much attention is paid to the content of minerals, vitamins and dietary fi-ber in the products. Cottage cheese, as one of the fermented milk products, belongs to the most popular prod-ucts of daily demand among different groups of the population. Therefore, it is advisable to enrich it with food and biologically active additives, which include psyllium, which in some countries is classified as super-foods. The use of psyllium in the production technology of cottage cheese products can enrich their composi-tion, increase their nutritional and biological value and give new taste properties. In this regard, the aim of the research was to study the effect of psyllium on the quality and nutritional value of cheesecakes. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were set. With the introduction of psyllium in an amount of 50% by weight of wheat flour, the finished products retained their shape, consistency, while acquiring a sweet taste and aroma. This dish can enrich the human body with the necessary micronutrients. The energy value in comparison with the control decreased by 18.3 kcal, the amount of vitamins increased, the mineral composi-tion was replenished, the ash content index became higher than the control by 0.15 mg, the amount of dietary fiber in comparison with the control sample increased more than 10 times. The profitability of cheesecakes with the addition of psyllium increased by 2.5%.

The Contribution of Agricultural Waste to the Production Performance of Free-Range Chickens in the Easternmost Region of Indonesia

Purpose: This research aims to investigate the production performance of free-range chickens fed with banana peel flour as a substitute for bran in the ration.
 Theoretical framework:
 Free-range chickens, commonly known as "non-purebred chickens", are closely related to the community. These chickens exhibit diverse genetic traits and are commonly found in the wider community, for both animal protein consumption and as a supplementary source of income to improve their economy.
 Design/methodology/approach: The research was conducted in Merauke from October to December 2022, and the materials used included 48 three-week-old free-range chickens with a weight of 150-200g, concentrate, yellow corn, bran, and banana peel flour. A Randomized Block Design was used with 4 treatments namely P0 = control diet (0% banana peel flour), as well as P1 = 25%, P2 = 50%, and P3 = 100% banana peel flour substituting bran, distributed into 4 groups based on body weight. The observed variables were ration consumption, weight gain, and ration conversion. Meanwhile, data were analyzed using analysis of variance and further tested with the least significant difference (LSD) test
 Findings: The results showed that the use of banana peel flour as a substitute for bran significantly reduced ration consumption (P<0.05) but did not have a significant effect (P>0.05) on weight gain and ration conversion.
 Research, Practical & Social implications: Utilization of banana peel waste as animal feed will have an impact on reducing environmental pollution and changing the socio-economic conditions of farmers.
 Originality/value:Research using banana peel waste as poultry feed is the first time it has been conducted in Merauke Regency

Development and investigation of qualitative characteristics of specialized bits

Relevance. The study characterizes the design of a mixture of gluten-free flours and fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum) to improve the properties of gluten-free biscuits and determine dough and finished product predictors. A distinctive feature of the mixture is the presence of raw ingredients with high nutritional and biological value. The data obtained can be used in the development of new product lines, new recipes for specialized flour confectionery.Methods. To study the effect of corn flour, rice flour, flaxseed flour and fenugreek seeds on the quality characteristics of simple biscuits, standard test methods were used. The composition of the prescription components was selected taking into account the specialized focus of the product, the biological value of the ingredients, the high sensory characteristics of the finished product, and the imparting of functional properties.Results. The optimal quantitative ratios of corn flour, flaxseed and rice flour (45:45:10) and the proportion of fenugreek seeds (7.5% by weight of flour) were experimentally determined. The quality indicators of the developed products are investigated. It has been established that the use of flour gluten-free mixture and fenugreek seeds affect a slight increase in dough moisture, acidity and wetness of finished products. Recommended standardized requirements for gluten-free biscuits from a mixture of corn, rice, flax flour and fenugreek seeds are proposed. As additional quality indicators, the content of gluten, dietary fiber and magnesium is highlighted. The developed simple biscuits for specialized purposes have a functional focus due to the high content of dietary fiber and magnesium, the share of which is more than 15% of the daily intake of these nutrients.

Development of the recipe and technology of flour confectionery with the addition of jerusalem artichoke concentrate

This article provides information about the production of cookies with the addition of Jerusalem artichoke powder. According to research, it is known that vegetables of the tuber family, that is, Jerusalem artichoke, due to its rich chemical composition, including the presence of inulin in its composition, can have functional properties, and it can be used as a food additive in the composition of flour confectionery. The main directions of innovative transformations of confectionery enterprises of the Sughd region are the use of unconventional raw materials in the production of confectionery products in order to increase the content of the most important nutrients, improve the balance of the main essential nutrients, improve the quality and increase the shelf life of finished products, as well as the provision of functional products, which generally corresponds to global trends. Currently, consumers of confectionery products want to see something bol in these products. Currently, consumers of confectionery products want to see in these products something more than sweetness, taste and aroma, they need confidence that the products will not harm their health, so one of the tasks set for technologists is the development of innovative confectionery products not only to expand the range, but also to improve their nutritional value. The lack of complete information from manufacturers about the latest developments, as a consequence of the underdevelopment of information support, affects all aspects of the innovation process in the industry. In these studies, a recipe for functional flour confectionery products was developed with the introduction of various percentages of the total mass of topinambur concentrate wheat flour in the form of powder. The amount of powder added was: in sample No. 1 – control without the addition of topinambur concentrate, in sample No. 2 – 5% of topinambur concentrate was added by weight of flour, in sample No3.

In situ produced exopolysaccharides by Bacillus coagulansIBRC-M 10807 and its effects on properties of whole wheat sourdough.

This study aimed to investigate in situ exopolysaccharides (EPSs) production by Bacillus coagulans IBRC-M 10807 under different fermentation conditions to improve the technical-functional properties of whole wheat flour sourdough and obtain high-quality products. For this purpose, the effectiveness of four efficient factors including B. coagulans (8 Log CFU/g), FOS (0%, 2.5%, and 5% based on flour weight), fermentation temperature (30, 35, and 40°C), and fermentation time (12, 18, and 24 h) was investigated on the production of functional sourdough. Our work focused on optimizing probiotic sourdough by investigating probiotic viability, pH, total titratable acidity, antioxidant properties, and EPS measurement. The first optimal formulation for maximized production of the in situ EPSs by the numerical optimization included FOS 0%, B. coagulans IBRC-M 10807 8 Log CFU/g, fermentation temperature of 30°C, and fermentation time of 12 h. In this case, EPSs was 59.28 mg/g and probiotic was 10.99 Log CFU/g. The second optimal formula by considering the highest viability of probiotic together with EPS production was determined as FOS 4.71%, B. coagulans IBRC-M 10807, 8 Log CFU/g, fermentation temperature of 30°C, and fermentation time of 20 h. The predicted amount of the EPSs and probiotic viability via the second formulation were 54.4 mg/g and 11.18 Log CFU/g, respectively. Analyses of optimal sourdough using FTIR, SEM, and DSC revealed that FOS and probiotics significantly reduced the enthalpy of amylopectin retrogradation and delayed it compared to other samples. Therefore, improving the final product's technological capabilities and shelf life can be credited with potential benefits.

The Influence of Tomato and Pepper Processing Waste on Bread Quality

Worldwide, there is a significant amount of food waste, highlighting the need to reduce waste throughout the production process. This study investigated the impact of incorporating vegetable processing waste from tomatoes (TP) and bell peppers (PB) on dough characteristics and bread quality, with concentrations of TP and PB ranging from 3% to 12% based on flour weight. The addition of TP and PB influenced the farinograph characteristics, increasing water absorption, dough development, and softening while reducing stability time. However, the changes in bread quality, including baking yield, loss, volume, and crumb porosity, were not significant. The texture properties, such as hardness, chewiness, and cohesiveness of the crumb, showed no significant changes within the supplemented levels up to 9%. Additionally, the TP and PB had a significant impact on the color of the bread crumb, increasing redness and yellowness, particularly with PB. Fortification with TP and PB up to 9% resulted in baking characteristics comparable to 100% wheat bread. The addition of TP and PB changed nutrient content, particularly dietary fiber, without significantly altering the caloric value of the bread. However, semi-consumer sensory evaluation indicated a decrease in aroma and taste when PB exceeded 9%, and a similar effect on taste was indicated when TP exceeded 9%. In conclusion, TP and PB at supplementation levels up to 9% can enhance the nutritional profile of bread and maintain its baking quality.

Characterization of the alkali-induced protein cross-linking in buckwheat sourdough steamed bread

This study elucidated the alkali-induced protein cross-linking behaviors of buckwheat sourdough steamed bread (BSSB). When the alkali concentration increased to 1.5% (on a total flour weight basis), the protein extractability in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) decreased by 2.29% while the disulfide (SS) bond content increased by 5.97 μmol/g protein, indicating that the alkali promoted the SS cross-linking of the proteins. The formation of dehydroalanine (DHA) and lanthionine (LAN) at alkali concentrations of 2.0% and 2.5% demonstrated the occurrence of DHA-derived cross-linking. To explore the role of SS cross-linking in the quality of BSSB, the thiol-blocking agent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) was also employed. It was determined that the BSSB with NEM had almost no gas cells and that the specific volume was 48.41% lower than the control. The alkali increased the specific volume by up to 26.75% at 2.0% concentration and ameliorated the crumb structure of the BSSB. Dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis revealed that the alkali also delayed the starch gelatinization and gas cell opening, which may have contributed to the gas holding capacity of the BSSB. The amino acid residues involved in the DHA-derived cross-linking and the potential cross-linking sites were identified via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. It was found that both the Cys197 from wheat peroxidase and the Cys105 from the wheat alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor CM16 were crucial to the formation of the DHA-derived cross-links and that the LAN between two cysteines was inter-chain.

Improving the quality of wheat bread by enriching teff flour

The research of the influence of teff flour on the technological process and quality of wheat bread was present in the article. The analysis of the chemical composition of teff flour indicated, that it is a valuable raw material for enriching wheat bread. However, its dosage in the quantity of 10 and 20 % to the weight of wheat flour leads to decrease in the amount, springy and extensibility of gluten in the dough. Alveograph studies also confirmed that dosage of 20 % of teff flour the most decreases springy of the dough and it becomes more plastic. The improvement of the structural and mechanical parameters of bread with teff was applied the biotechnological method of preparation on sourdough that created on the pure cultures of lactic acid bacteria “Biolight”. The experimental studies were proving that utilizing of teff flour in the quantity of 10 % and sourdough improved both the quality and nutritional value of wheat bread. In particular, the specific volume of bread increased by 4.0 %, acidity ‒ by 2.9 % compared to the control; and the product was distinguished by a pleasant "nutty" taste and aroma. Close correlations between the percentage of teff addition and the spread of the dough ball were established, r=0.98 (n=10, p≤0.05) and the form stability of the bread, r=(‒0.95) (n=10, p≤0.05). It allowed establish that wheat bread with teff addition need to make in the mould. It was calculating that consumption of the daily norm of bread with 10% teff the consumer will be receiving a sufficient quantity of valuable food nutrients. Thus, the need of protein was covered by 42.9 and 49.8 %; iron ‒ by 32.3 and 28.5 %; vitamin B5 ‒ by 17.6 and 24.2 %, respectively, for men and women; and the need for phosphorus ‒ by 26.7 %, for both groups. The technology of wheat bread with teff of high quality for mass consumption that recommended for wide industrial implementation has been develop

Wheat Bread Enriched with Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.) Pomace: Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Evaluation

Fruit pomace is a highly valuable byproduct from a nutritional standpoint. The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical and sensory properties of wheat bread enriched with freeze-dried and powdered chokeberry pomace in amounts of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6% relative to the flour weight. The influence of pomace addition on the physical properties of the wheat dough was analyzed, and the physicochemical properties and consumer acceptance of the chokeberry-pomace-enriched bread were determined. Based on the obtained research results, it was shown that the addition of pomace increased the water absorption of the flour but caused a decrease in stability and weakening of the dough, resulting in increased softening. Consequently, the volume of the bread decreased, and the crumb hardness increased. Furthermore, the addition of pomace significantly reduced the brightness and yellowness of the bread crumbs, while making them more red. Importantly, compared to the control bread, the pomace-enriched bread was characterized by higher contents of minerals, dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, and higher antioxidant activity. Sensory evaluation showed that the addition of freeze-dried chokeberry pomace to wheat bread should not exceed 3% in relation to the weight of the flour used. Additionally, a 3% addition of chokeberry pomace increased the dietary fiber content by 80.9%, ash content by 2.6%, fat content by 26.5%, and total phenolics content by 272%. It decreased the protein content by 1.2%, and reduced the carbohydrate content by 4% compared to the control sample.

New approaches to increasing the nutritional value of bread products based on the use of non-traditional cereals and biologically active substances with detoxifying properties

A practical solution to the problem of increasing the nutritional value of bread is the use of high-protein soy seeds and pumpkin processing product - pectin, the potential of which is to improve the quality of bread, intensify the technological process, enhance the detoxification properties of finished products, including easily fermentable sugars, nitrogenous and mineral substances, vitamins, dietary fiber. The possibility of using whole-ground soy flour in the production of poly-strain starter culture is shown, which contributes to the improvement of the vital activity of lactic acid bacteria. The introduction of poly-strain soy sourdough and 0.5% by weight of dry pumpkin pectin flour into the bread intensifies the dough making process due to easily fermentable sugars, improves the quality of the finished bread, provides it with an increased content of protein, dietary fiber, nitrogenous and mineral substances, vitamins, giving bread detoxifying properties and increasing its freshness.

Development of breakfast food from black rice and porang supplemented with jackbean and red dragon fruit

This study aim to develop the potential of local food into functional breakfast cereal products that are high in energy and rich in dietary fiber, as an alternative breakfast food for individuals with diabetes. The sample formulation is a factorial experimental study using a Randomized Block Design. The factors are the proportion of composite flour consisting of black rice, porang, and jack bean flour also the addition of red dragon fruit concentrate based on the total weight of composite flour. The chosen breakfast cereal formulation contains moisture (6.07%bw), ash (4.87%bw), protein (8.68%bw), fat (0.38%bw), and carbohydrate (79.99%bw), and crude fiber (43.49%bw) which meets requirements of breakfast cereal in the SNI. It can be concluded that the chosen breakfast cereal is low fat and high fiber food product. Further research is needed to study the effectivity of chosen breakfast cereal on fasting blood glucose of people with diabetes.

Effect of sourdough prepared with the combination of chickpea and carob on bread properties

This study investigated the quality attributes of wheat bread made from chickpea-carob sourdough (CCS). Four types of dough formulations were prepared by adding 0 (2% yeast added) (control), 10, 20, and 30% CCS (based on the weight of wheat flour). The bread samples' physical properties, proximate composition, antioxidant properties, mold count, and sensory attributes were investigated. An increase in the CCS amount caused an increase in the ash content, protein content, total antioxidant capacity, and total acidity. The loaf-specific volumes were measured as 2.85, 3.45, 3.49, and 3.29 cm3/g for 10%, 20%, 30% CCS added, and control samples (yeast-leavened bread), respectively. Furthermore, CCS addition decreased the mold count from 0.5 to 1.5 log cfu/g compared to the control sample after 3, 6, and 9 days of storage time. CCS addition to bread formulations did not affect the sensory attributes significantly (p < 0.05). The results suggest that the CCS can be used to improve bread's nutritional and functional properties.

APPRAISAL OF BREAD WHEAT GERMPLASM FOR QUALITY ATTRIBUTES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH GRAIN YIELD

The increasing global population demands potential high-yielding wheat genotypes, even under changing climatic conditions. Wheat Research Institute (WRI), Faisalabad, designed a two-year study during 2018–2020, following augmented block design, to assess the association between yield and quality parameters in 245 bread wheat genotypes, including 10 checks. Separating all genotypes into four sets was according to their origin, i.e., local landraces, exotic material from CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), Pakistani accessions, and miscellaneous. A sufficient amount of genetic variation among all the genotypes for the measured traits was evident from the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Correlation studies demonstrated a similar trend of association among traits in Pakistani and CIMMYT lines, but distinct patterns of association among landraces and mixed genotypes occurred. The whole population of diversified germplasm showed a positive association of yield with all the traits except chapatti quality, pH of flour, and gluten during 2018– 2019. Similarly, in 2019–2020, grain yield was positively associated with all the traits except test weight, chapatti quality, and pH of flour. The attributes responsible for the grain size, i.e., grain length, width, thickness, and a thousand kernel weight, expressed a strong association among each other and with the grain yield. A positive correlation between grain yield and grain quality characters (bread and chapatti quality, test weight, gluten, and protein) emerged in the pre-green revolution germplasm during both years, which can benefit wheat quality improvement. The study concluded that for future wheat breeding programs for high-yield potential, more attention should focus on the traits responsible for grain size.

Development of a recipe for wheat bread with an increased content of dietary fiber

At present, there is a persistent deficiency of dietary fiber in the diet of the adult population of Russia. A promising source of dietary fiber is the by-products of oilseeds processing. The article proposes a method for enriching wheat bread with dietary fibers by introducing hemp meal, which is formed during the production of protein isolate from hemp cake and contains 57.5±0.4% dietary fiber. The aim of the work was to establish the optimal dosage of meal in the recipe of wheat bread by comparative analysis of organoleptic (appearance, color of the crust and crumb, porosity structure, taste, smell, chewability) and physico-chemical (humidity, acidity, crumb porosity, specific volume of bread) characteristics . The objects of the study were a control sample of bread made from premium wheat flour, as well as model samples of bread with various additions of meal. Standard methods were used to study the main qualitative characteristics of the control and model samples of bread. The optimal dosage of meal was established in the amount of 15% by weight of flour. A sample of bread with the addition of 15% meal was characterized by the compliance of organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters with the requirements of GOST R 58233-2018 “Wheat bread. Specifications". An increase in the content of dietary fiber in the optimal sample by 5.4% was found compared to the control sample. It has been established that eating 100 g of bread per day, obtained according to an optimized recipe, will satisfy the need for dietary fiber in an adult by 31.6-39.5%. The result of the study is an optimized dosage of hemp meal in the wheat bread recipe. This bread can be recommended as a source of dietary fiber.

Feasibility and Potential Benefits of Using Moringa Oleifera Leaves Powder as Biocolour on Cendol Traditional Drink

ABSTRACT This research focused mainly on the feasibility of using Moringa oleifera leaves powder (MOLP) as a biocolour on proximate content, color and consumer acceptance of Cendol traditional drinks. The addition of MOLP as much as 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of the weight of sago flour used in making cendol dough. The study resulted adding MOLP to the manufacture of Cendol dough showed that the highest protein content was in Cendol with 10% MOLP (6.8%), and the lowest was in Cendol without the addition of MOLP (4.0). The highest fat content was found in Cendol with the addition of 10% MOLP (0.4%), and the lowest was in Cendol without the addition of MOLP (0.2%). The highest carbohydrate content was in Cendol with the addition of 10% MOLP (14.4%), and the lowest was in Cendol without the addition of MOLP (13.3%). The highest ash content was in Cendol with the addition of 10% MOLP (0.4%), and the lowest was in Cendol without the addition of MOLP (0.1%). The highest water content was found in Cendol without the addition of MOLP (82.4%) and the lowest in Cendol with 10% MOLP (78.090%). Meanwhile, the highest brightness level (L*) was found in Cendol without the addition of MOLP (88.6) and the lowest was found in Cendol with the addition of 10% MOLP (32.6). The highest level of redness was found in Cendol with the addition of 10% MOLP (20.4), and the lowest was in Cendol without MOLP. The highest yellowness level (b*) was found in Cendol without the addition of MOLP (27.7), and the lowest was found in Cendol with the addition of 10% MOLP (13.4). Based on data processing and the results of acceptance tests that have been carried out by four individual expert tasting panels and sensory analysis conducted on 35 untrained panels, it was found that cendol products with the addition of MOLP were favored in terms of color, smell, taste, texture, and is positively accepted as product innovation. This study suggests that MOLP can be used as a food additive as a biocolour.

Enzyme Composition Modeling and Its Application in the Baking Cryotechnology

Cryotechnologies are widely used in the production of bakery products, including dough. The study aim is to optimize the enzyme composition and evaluate its application effectiveness in the technology of rye-wheat bread based on frozen dough. To solve nonlinear problems and the fractional factor experiment method a man applied algorithms of the generalized reduced gradient method. As a result of data analysis using MS Office Excel, the maximum possible concentrations of the enzyme complex components are, wt. %: “Pentopan 500 BG” – 12.0, “Novamil 1500 MG” – 5.0 and “Neutrase 1.5 MG” – 2.0; the optimal ratio is 6:2.5:1. The authors run the recipe optimization of rye-wheat bread based on frozen dough using Statgraphics 18.1 and constructing mathematical models based on multifactorial analysis. The variables were the dosages of the enzyme composition 4–10 % by weight of flour and dry starter culture of lactic acid bacteria 0.05–0.15 % by weight of flour; the required functions were porosity and specific volume of rye-wheat bread. As the mathematical data processing result, a man received regression dependence equations of rye-wheat bread porosity and specific volume on the components concentrations; optimal dry starter concentrations and enzyme composition – 0.12 and 7.5 % by weight of flour, respectively. The thesis provides physicochemical, organoleptic and structural-mechanical characteristics of rye-wheat bread developed on the cryotechnology basis after long-term low-temperature storage of test dough at a temperature of minus 18–20 ° C for 150 days, confirming the enzyme composition effectiveness.

THE USE OF MILK THISTLE SEED FLOUR IN THE COMPOSITION OF YEAST DOUGH FOR CHEESE PASTRY

One of the progressive directions in the development of the production of food products and culinary products is the creation of new flour products and giving them a functional focus by using natural ingredients. The biologically active complex of milk thistle flour contains vitamins, minerals and trace elements, prevents the accumulation of harmful substances in the human body and has a hepatoprotective effect. The article presents the results of research on the use of milk thistle seed flour in the technology of flour products from yeast dough - cheese pastry. The expediency of using milk thistle seed flour in the production of butter products, which was added to the mass of high-grade wheat flour in the amount of 3.0 to 5.0%, was established experimentally. A rational amount of thistle flour in the composition of the yeast dough was established, which is 5.0% by weight of wheat flour. The effect of thistle seed flour on the amount and quality of gluten in the dough was investigated, the effect of new raw materials on the properties of the dough and quality indicators of the finished product was established.The addition of milk thistle seed flour to the composition of yeast dough for cheesecake has a positive effect on the nutritional value of the finished product, the amount of biologically active substances useful and necessary for the human body has increased: mineral elements, vitamins (vitamins E and group B), unsaturated fatty acids, as well as food fibers The feasibility of using milk thistle seed flour in the production technology of flour products from yeast dough to expand the range of flour products of increased biological value has been proven.The developed flour product using milk thistle flour can be introduced into restaurants as a functional product with increased nutritional value.