Weight Obesity Research Articles

Circadian Gene Variants: Effects in Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women.

Obesity and overweight are common and complex conditions influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Several genetic variants located in the genes involved in clock systems and fat taste perception can affect metabolic health. In particular, the polymorphisms in CLOCK and BMAL1 genes were reported to be significantly related to cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, sleep reduction, and evening preference. Moreover, genetic variants in the CD36 gene have been shown to be involved in lipid metabolism, regulation of fat intake, and body weight regulation. The aim of this study is to evaluate, for the first time, the association between variants in some candidate genes (namely, BMAL1 rs7950226 (G>A), CLOCK rs1801260 (A>G), CLOCK rs4864548 (G>A), CLOCK rs3736544 (G>A), CD36 rs1984112 (A>G), CD36 rs1761667 (G>A)) and overweight/obesity (OB) in pregnant women. A total of 163 normal-weight (NW) and 128 OB participants were included. A significant correlation was observed between A-allele in CLOCK rs4864548 and an increased risk of obesity (OR: 1.97; 95% CI 1.22-3.10, p = 0.005). In addition, we found that subjects carrying the haplotype of rs1801260-A, rs4864548-A, and rs3736544-G are likely to be overweight or obese (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.03-2.09, p = 0.030), compared with those with other haplotypes. Moreover, a significant relation was observed between third-trimester lipid parameters and genetic variants-namely, CD36 rs1984112, CD36 rs1761667, BMAL1 rs7950226, and CLOCK rs1801260. A multivariate logistic regression model revealed that CLOCK rs4864548 A-allele carriage was a strong risk factor for obesity (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.07-3.93, p = 0.029); on the other hand, greater adherence to Mediterranean diet (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.98, p = 0.038) and higher HDL levels (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.99, p = 0.021) were related to a reduced risk of obesity. Interestingly, an association between maternal CLOCK rs4864548 and neonatal birthweight was detected (p = 0.025). These data suggest a potential role of the polymorphisms in clock systems and in fat taste perception in both susceptibility to overweight/obesity and influencing the related metabolic traits in pregnant women.

Exploring relationships among appetitive traits, negative affect, and binge eating in adults with overweight or obesity

Binge eating (BE) is a significant public health concern due to its prevalence and impact on mental and physical health. While research has suggested both negative affect and appetitive traits are associated with BE, few studies have investigated these constructs concurrently. Structural equation modeling (SEM) evaluated relationships between negative affect, reward-related appetitive traits, and BE among 293 adults with overweight or obesity (OW/OB) seeking treatment for BE, overeating, and weight management (m age = 46.6; m body mass index[BMI] = 34.5; 81.2 % female; 20.1 % Latinx, 60.8 % White non-Latinx). BE was related to negative affect (β = 0.53; p < 0.01) and appetitive traits (β = 1.53; p < 0.001). Negative affect and appetitive traits were related to one another (r = 0.42; p < 0.001), and the full model accounted for 77 % of the variance in BE. In an exploratory follow-up analysis, multigroup SEM evaluated the above relationships in models stratified by sex. Exploratory findings demonstrated both negative affect and appetitive traits were related to BE across sex, particularly when examining BE cognitions and behaviors. However, relationships in men depended upon BE assessment tool. These findings highlight that both negative affect and appetitive traits are related to BE, and jointly may represent significant risk and maintenance factors, particularly in adults with OW/OB. Our findings also highlight the importance of future investigation of sex differences in BE and the potential impact of assessment method.

Obesity is Associated with Increased Risk of New-Onset Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A United States Population-Based Cohort Study.

The aim of this study was to determine the risk of a new-encounter diagnosis of unspecified chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) 1 and 2 years following body mass index (BMI) classification of obesity utilizing a large-population-based analytics platform. Retrospective cohort analysis SETTING: The U.S. Collaborative Network within the TriNetX Analytics platform contains deidentified electronic health record (EHR) data of more than 100 million patients and was used to determine the association between obesity and a new encounter diagnosis of 3 CRS phenotypes in this study. After 1:1 propensity score matching, patients with an overweight BMI and obesity were at a higher risk for a new-encounter diagnosis of unspecified CRS and CRSwNP compared to healthy-weight individuals. The obesity cohort had the greatest increased risk of new-onset unspecified CRS with a relative risk of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.20-1.25) and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.24-1.28) 1 and 2 years following BMI classification, respectively. Our study indicates an association between obesity and new-onset unspecified CRS and CRSwNP. With the increasing prevalence of obesity in the United States population, it will be important to understand how obesity-associated CRS may affect treatment response. Future prospective studies are needed to assess causality and define a mechanistic link.

Alanine aminotransferase elevation varies by ethnicity among Asian and Pacific Islander children with overweight or obesity.

Limited research on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) screening for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) among US Asian/Pacific Islander (PI) children necessitates investigation in this heterogeneous population. Examine ALT elevation among Asian/PI children with overweight or obesity. Elevated ALT prevalence (clinical threshold) and association with body mass index ≥85th percentile were compared among 18 402 Asian/PI and 25 376 non-Hispanic White (NHW) children aged 9-17 years using logistic regression. ALT elevation was more prevalent among Asian/PI (vs. NHW) males with overweight (4.0% vs. 2.7%), moderate (7.8% vs. 5.3%) and severe obesity (16.6% vs. 11.5%), and females with moderate (5.1% vs. 3.0%) and severe obesity (10.2% vs. 5.2%). Adjusted odds of elevated ALT were 1.6-fold and ~2-fold higher for Asian/PI (vs. NHW) males and females (with obesity), respectively. Filipino, Chinese and Southeast Asian males had 1.7-2.1-fold higher odds, but Native Hawaiian/PI (NHPI) and South Asian males did not significantly differ (vs. NHW). Filipina and Chinese females with obesity had >2-fold higher odds, Southeast and South Asian females did not differ and NHPI findings were mixed (vs. NHW). High elevated ALT prevalence among Asian/PI children with overweight and obesity emphasizes the need for MASLD risk assessment and examination of ethnic subgroups.

Consumption of foods with a higher degree of processing is associated with overweight and abdominal obesity in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy

This study evaluated food consumption according to its degree of processing and its relationship with body adiposity in 218 women with breast cancer. Food consumption was categorised according to the NOVA classification. Two groups were formed, the first composed by consumption of in natura, minimally processed foods and culinary ingredients (less processed foods) and the second one of processed and ultra-processed foods (more processed foods). The increase of 5% in the caloric contribution of more processed foods was associated with a 4% increase in the prevalence of overweight (p = 0.028) and 3% in prevalence of abdominal obesity (p = 0.018). This reinforces the importance of evaluating food consumption with a focus on the degree of processing, as it can contribute to the prevention of excess body fat in this group, as this excess is associated with a worse prognosis and survival.

Undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among long-distance bus drivers in Addis Ababa terminals, Ethiopia, 2022: A cross-sectional study.

Hypertension is a major public health problem that is often unrecognized, and its detection and control should be prioritized. The level of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors among long-distance bus drivers in Ethiopia is unknown. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors among long-distance bus drivers in Addis Ababa bus terminals. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 391 long-distance bus drivers from December 15, 2021, to January 15 2022 at five cross-country bus terminals in Addis Ababa. A standardized and structured questionnaire was adapted based on the WHO stepwise approach to a non-communicable disease study and translated into Amharic. Data were coded, cleaned, and entered using Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Variables with a P-value < 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were selected for multivariable logistic regression analysis. Independent variables with a P-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The magnitude of association between independent and dependent variables was measured by odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. In this study, 391 study participants were involved with a response rate of 97.1%. The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 22.5% (CI: 18.7%, 26.6%). Poor level of knowledge (AOR: 2.00, CI: 1.08, 3.70), long duration of driving per day (AOR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.37-4.56), habit of chewing of chat (AOR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.44, 4.73), regular alcohol consumption (AOR = 3.46; 95% CI: 1.70, 7.05), overweight (AOR:3.14, 95%CI: 1.54,6.42) obesity (AOR: 3.21, 95% CI 1.35, 7.61) and regular physical exercise (AOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.29) were statistically significantly associated with undiagnosed hypertension. This study revealed that the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among long-distance bus drivers was 22.5%, which was associated with modifiable behavioral factors, lack of regular physical exercise, lack of adequate awareness and high body mass index. Stakeholders must implement the necessary preventive measures. These include increasing the level of awareness of hypertension among long-distance drivers and developing prevention of hypertension strategies and policies focusing on lifestyle and behavioral modifications.

Relationship between a body shape index and muscle strength index in Chinese university students: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundThe problem of overweight obesity and decrease in muscle strength among university students has become an indisputable fact. In this study, a comprehensive index reflecting obesity degree a body shape index (ABSI) and a comprehensive index reflecting muscle strength muscle strength index (MSI) were studied to analyze the cross-sectional correlations existing between them.MethodsThis study began recruiting participants and conducting the test survey in April 2022 and closed in July 2022. Basic condition, height, weight, waist circumference, grip strength, pull-up (boys), bent-leg sit-up (girls), and standing long jump were tested on 12,046 (boys: 6011, 49.90%) university students aged 19–22 years in China, and ABSI and MSI were calculated separately. ABSI was categorized into 5 groups according to age and sex, namely ABSI < 5th percentile (A), 5th ≤ ABSI < 25th percentile (B), 25th ≤ ABSI < 75th percentile (C), 75th ≤ ABSI < 95th percentile (D) and ABSI ≥ 95th percentile (E). The comparison of MSI between different ABSI groups was performed using effect size, and the association between them was performed by curve estimation analysis.ResultsThe association between ABSI and MSI of Chinese university students showed an inverted “U” curve. The effect of increased ABSI on MSI was greater in university girls compared to boys. The ABSI of boys was (0.080 ± 0.010) and MSI was (-0.005 ± 2.080); the ABSI of girls was (0.079 ± 0.008) and MSI was (-0.017 ± 1.867). Overall, university students ABSI was at a relatively high point for MSI between 0.050 and 0.100. The university students ABSI at 0.150 had an MSI of -1.229 for boys and − 2.779 for girls.ConclusionThe ABSI of Chinese university students showed an inverted “U”-shaped curve relationship with MSI, and university students with low or high ABSI had lower MSI. The effect of increasing ABSI on the decrease of MSI was more obvious for girls than for boys.

HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI DESA KEPENUHAN HULU

There are three nutritional problems for adolescents in Indonesia, namely malnutrition (stunting), micronutrient deficiencies that cause anemia, and overweight (obesity). Overweight is a condition in which a person's weight exceeds normal, while obesity is a condition of excess body fat accumulation, so that a person's weight is far above normal and can endanger health. Overweight and obesity occur due to an imbalance between incoming and outgoing energy, resulting in an increase in the ratio of fat and lean body tissue which is localized or evenly distributed throughout the body. Another problem is micronutrients, one of which is iron deficiency which is called anemia. Based on the results of the data, there will be 100 young women in Kepenuhan Hulu Village in 2023. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of anemia in young women in Kepenuhan Hulu Village. This research methodology uses a cross sectional design. The population in this study amounted to 100 young women and the sample in the study was 80 young women who were in the Kepenuhan Hulu Village. The sample selection technique uses Simple Random Sampling. The average distribution of BMI for young women is 26.08 with an SD of 7.75. Data were analyzed using the T-Independent test to determine whether there was a relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of anemia. The results showed that there was a relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of anemia in young women with a p-value (Sig) of 0.000, which means that the p-value was &lt;0.05. So it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of anemia. Suggestions need to be carried out in collaboration between schools, health centers, health agencies by carrying out health promotion about the importance of maintaining nutritional status and the dangers of anemia in young women. Keywords : Nutritional Status, Anemia, Young Girls

Adipose Signals Regulating Distal Organ Health and Disease.

Excessive adiposity in obesity is a significant risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other cardiometabolic diseases. An unhealthy expansion of adipose tissue (AT) results in reduced adipogenesis, increased adipocyte hypertrophy, adipocyte hypoxia, chronic low-grade inflammation, increased macrophage infiltration, and insulin resistance. This ultimately culminates in AT dysfunction characterized by decreased secretion of antidiabetic adipokines such as adiponectin and adipsin and increased secretion of proinflammatory prodiabetic adipokines including RBP4 and resistin. This imbalance in adipokine secretion alters the physiological state of AT communication with target organs including pancreatic β-cells, heart, and liver. In the pancreatic β-cells, adipokines are known to have a direct effect on insulin secretion, gene expression, cell death, and/or dedifferentiation. For instance, impaired secretion of adipsin, which promotes insulin secretion and β-cell identity, results in β-cell failure and T2D, thus presenting a potential druggable target to improve and/or preserve β-cell function. The cardiac tissue is affected by both the classic white AT-secreted adipokines and the newly recognized brown AT (BAT)-secreted BATokines or lipokines that alter lipid deposition and ventricular function. In the liver, adipokines affect hepatic gluconeogenesis, lipid accumulation, and insulin sensitivity, underscoring the importance of adipose-liver communication in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In this perspective, we outline what is currently known about the effects of individual adipokines on pancreatic β-cells, liver, and the heart.

The Correlation Between Serum Copper and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in American Adults: an Analysis Based on NHANES 2011 to 2016.

Copper functions as an essential micronutrient influencing diverse metabolic processes in mammals, encompassing oxidative stress responses, lipid metabolism, and participation in enzymatic reactions. However, the impact of serum copper on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains controversial. Our aim was to explore the precise correlation between serum copper and NAFLD in a large-scale population-based study. A total of 1377 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016 were included in our study. The diagnosis of NAFLD and its progress to advanced liver fibrosis were based on serological indexes. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Chi-square test were used to access variations between quartiles groups of serum copper. We conducted multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models and subgroup analyses to investigate the association between serum copper and NAFLD, along with several metabolic diseases. Among the 1377 participants, 661 were diagnosed with NAFLD, and 141 of whom were classified into advanced liver fibrosis. Higher serum copper levels (≥ 21.00 μmol/L) were associated with an increased incidence of NAFLD (odds ratio (OR) = 2.07 (1.38-3.10), p < 0.001), as well as advanced liver fibrosis (OR = 2.40 (1.17-5.19), p = 0.025). Moreover, serum copper exhibited a positive correlation with hypertension, overweight, and abdominal obesity, all of which have been identified as risk factors of NAFLD. Additionally, female participants, under the age of 60, and with a higher body mass index (BMI) (> 24.9 kg/m2) emerged as the most vulnerable subgroup concerning the relationship between serum copper and NAFLD. In the U.S. population, a notable association has been identified, linking elevated serum copper to an increased susceptibility for both the onset and progression of NAFLD, along with several metabolic disorders associated with NAFLD. The adverse effects of excess copper warrant attention in the context of public health considerations.

The impact of different data handling strategies on the proportion of children classified as meeting 24-h movement guidelines and associations with overweight and obesity

BackgroundDespite the widespread endorsement of 24-h movement guidelines (physical activity, sleep, screentime) for youth, no standardized processes for categorizing guideline achievement exists. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the impact of different data handling strategies on the proportion of children meeting 24-h movement guidelines (24hrG) and associations with overweight and obesity.MethodsA subset of 524 children (ages 5–12 years) with complete 24-h behavior measures on at least 10 days was used to compare the impact of data handling strategies on estimates of meeting 24hrG. Physical activity and sleep were measured via accelerometry. Screentime was measured via parent self-report. Comparison of meeting 24hrG were made using (1) average of behaviors across all days (AVG-24 h), (2) classifying each day and evaluating the percentage meeting 24hrG from 10 to 100% of their measured days (DAYS-24 h), and (3) the average of a random sample of 4 days across 10 iterations (RAND-24 h). A second subset of children (N = 475) with height and weight data was used to explore the influence of each data handling strategy on children meeting guidelines and the odds of overweight/obesity via logistic regression.ResultsClassification for AVG-24 h resulted in 14.7% of participants meeting 24hrG. Classification for DAYS-24 h resulted in 63.5% meeting 24hrG on 10% of measured days with < 1% meeting 24hrG on 100% of days. Classification for RAND-24 h resulted in 15.9% of participants meeting 24hrG. Across 10 iterations, 63.6% of participants never met 24hrG regardless of the days sampled, 3.4% always met 24hrG, with the remaining 33.0% classified as meeting 24hrG for at least one of the 10 random iterations of days. Using AVG-24 h as a strategy, meeting all three guidelines associated with lower odds of having overweight obesity (OR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.21–0.70, p < 0.05). The RAND-24 h strategy produced a range of odds from 0.27 to 0.56. Using the criteria of needing to meet 24hrG on 100% of days, meeting all three guidelines associated with the lowest odds of having overweight and obesity as well (OR = 0.04, 95%CI: 0.01–0.18, p < 0.05).ConclusionsVarying estimates of meeting the 24hrG and the odds of overweight and obesity results from different data handling strategies and days sampled.

PM2.5 constituents associated with childhood obesity and larger BMI growth trajectory: A 14-year longitudinal study

BackgroundThe association of specific PM2.5 chemical constituents with childhood overweight or obesity (OWOB) remain unclear. Furthermore, the long-term impacts of PM2.5 exposure on the trajectory of children's body mass index (BMI) have not been explored. MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal study among 1,450,830 Chinese children aged 6–19 years from Beijing and Zhongshan in China during 2005–2018 to examine the associations of PM2.5 and its chemical constituents with incident OWOB risk. We extracted PM2.5 mass and five main component exposure from Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) dataset. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to quantify exposure–response associations. We further performed principal component analysis (PCA) to handle the multi-collinearity and used quantile g-computation (QGC) approach to analyze the impacts of exposure mixtures. Additionally, we selected 125,863 children with at least 8 physical examination measurements and combined group-based trajectory models (GBTM) with multinomial logistic regression models to explore the impacts of exposure to PM2.5 mass and five constituents on BMI and BMI Z-score trajectories during 6–19 years. ResultsWe observed each interquartile range increment in PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with a 5.1 % increase in the risk of incident OWOB (95 % confidence Interval [CI]: 1.036–1.066). We also found black carbon, sulfate, organic matter, often linked to fossil combustion, had comparable or larger estimates of the effect (HR = 1.139–1.153) than PM2.5. Furthermore, Exposure to PM2.5 mass, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic matter and black carbon was significantly associated with an increased odds of being in a larger BMI trajectory and being assigned to persistent OWOB trajectory. ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence that the constituents mainly from fossil fuel combustion may have a perceptible influence on increased OWOB risk associated with PM2.5 exposure in China. Moreover, long-term exposure to PM2.5 contributes to an increased odds of being in a lager BMI and a persistent OWOB trajectories.

Dietary intakes of branch chained amino acids and obesity risk among Chinese gestational diabetes women.

Epidemiological studies have assessed the correlation between daily dietary branch chain amino acid (BCAA) intakes and the risk of obesity, however, the findings from these studies were inconsistent and investigations among GDM women were few. The present study was to investigate the associations of daily BCAA intakes with the risks of overweight and abdominal obesity among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) postpartum. We performed a cross-sectional study of 1,263 women with prior GDM at 1-5 years post-delivery. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations of daily dietary intakes of BCAAs with the risks of overweight and abdominal obesity. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) across quartiles of daily BCAA intakes postpartum were 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.97), 1.00 (reference), 1.21 (95% CI 0.88-1.68), and 1.31 (95% CI 0.95-1.81) for general overweight, and 1.38 (95% CI 0.99-1.90), 1.00, 1.19 (95% CI 0.86-1.64), and 1.43 (95% CI 1.04-1.98) for abdominal obesity, respectively. Women with the lowest quartile of daily BCAA intakes significantly increased the risks of general overweight (OR 1.49; 95 %CI 1.06-2.09) and abdominal obesity (OR 1.50; 95 %CI 1.08-2.11) compared with women at quartile 2 of daily BCAA intakes after further adjustment of daily energy intake. The present study indicated that daily lower BCAA intakes were associated with increased risks of general overweight and abdominal obesity among women with prior GDM.

Sobrepeso y obesidad materna antes del embarazo como predictores de asma infantil en menores de cinco años: una cohorte retrospectiva en Perú

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the role of maternal overweight and obesity before pregnancy as predictors of childhood asthma in a population of Peruvian children under five years. Methods: we carried out a retrospective cohort study of children aged five years or less and their mothers from the Regional Hospital of Ayacucho and the María Auxiliadora Hospital in Lima, Peru. We included children who were born between 2013 and 2014 and follow them up until 2018 and 2019, respectively. The diagnosis of overweight and obesity of the mother before pregnancy and asthma in the child were registered in their clinical histories. Crude (cRR) and adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) were obtained using a generalized lineal model of the Poisson family with link log and robust variances. Results: we evaluated 431 medical records and found that 20.9% of the children had asthma, 26.7% of the mothers were overweight, and 20.2% were obese before pregnancy. In the adjusted regression model, overweight (aRR=2.94; CI95%= 1.54-5.60) and maternal obesity (aRR=5.10; CI95%= 2.73-9.51) were predictors of an increased risk of childhood asthma. Conclusions: maternal overweight and maternal obesity increased the risk of her children developing asthma threeand five-fold, respectively.

Mechanism of Obesity-Related Lipotoxicity and Clinical Perspective.

The link between cellular exposure to fatty acid species and toxicity phenotypes remains poorly understood. However, structural characterization and functional profiling of human plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) analysis has revealed that FFAs are located either in the toxic cluster or in the cluster that is transcriptionally responsive to lipotoxic stress and creates genetic risk factors. Genome-wide short hairpin RNA screen has identified more than 350 genes modulating lipotoxicity. Hypertrophic adipocytes in obese adipose are both unable to expand further to store excess lipids in the diet and are resistant to the antilipolytic action of insulin.In addition to lipolysis, the inability of packaging the excess lipids into lipid droplets causes circulating fatty acids to reach toxic levels in non-adipose tissues. Deleterious effects of accumulated lipid in non-adipose tissues are known as lipotoxicity. Although triglycerides serve a storage function for long-chain non-esterified fatty acid and their products such as ceramide and diacylglycerols (DAGs), overloading of palmitic acid fraction of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) raises ceramide levels. The excess DAG and ceramide load create harmful effects on multiple organs and systems, inducing chronic inflammation in obesity. Thus, lipotoxic inflammation results in β cells death and pancreatic islets dysfunction. Endoplasmic reticulum stress stimuli induce lipolysis by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 signaling in adipocytes. However, palmitic acid-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-autophagy axis in hypertrophic adipocytes is a pro-survival mechanism against endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death induced by SFAs. Endoplasmic reticulum-localized acyl-coenzyme A (CoA): glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) enzymes are mediators of lipotoxicity, and inhibiting these enzymes has therapeutic potential for lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity increases the number of autophagosomes, which engulf palmitic acid, and thus suppress the autophagic turnover. Fatty acid desaturation promotes palmitate detoxification and storages into triglycerides. As therapeutic targets of glucolipotoxicity, in addition to caloric restriction and exercise, there are four different pharmacological approaches, which consist of metformin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) ligands thiazolidinediones, and chaperones are still used in clinical practice. Furthermore, induction of the brown fat-like phenotype with the mixture of eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid appears as a potential therapeutic application for treatment of lipotoxicity.

The therapeutic effect and possible mechanisms of alginate oligosaccharide on metabolic syndrome by regulating gut microbiota.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disease condition incorporating the abnormal accumulation of various metabolic components, including overweight or abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and abnormal glucose tolerance, hypertension, atherosclerosis, or dyslipidemia. It has been proved that the gut microbiota and microbial-derived products play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism and thus the onset and development of MetS. Previous studies have demonstrated that oligosaccharides with prebiotic effects, such as chitosan oligosaccharides, can regulate the structure of the microbial community and its derived products to control weight and reduce MetS associated with obesity. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), natural products extracted from degraded alginate salts with high solubility and extensive biological activity, have also been found to modulate gut microbiota. This review aims to summarize experimental evidence on the positive effects of AOS on different types of MetS while providing insights into mechanisms through which AOS regulates gut microbiota for preventing and treating MetS.

Body mass index, socioeconomical status, and physical activity among school-going children: A correlational study

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Childhood obesity is currently one of the major concerns in the pediatric field. Socioeconomic status (SES) and physical activity (PA) are key factors in achieving efficient weight status and help them to prevent obesity in the future. Hence, the present study was undertaken to find out the relationship of body mass index (BMI), SES, and PA among school children. METHODOLOGY: A correlational study was carried out on randomly selected 120 children studying in the 6th, 7th, and 8th standards from two different schools in Surat city. The underweight, healthy weight, and overweight–obesity status were based on BMI percentiles for age and sex. SES was assessed using the Kuppuswamy scale based on parameters such as the head of the family’s educational status, occupational status, and overall aggregate income of the whole family. PA during the previous 7 days was assessed using the Gujarati version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C [G]). Spearman’s correlation test was applied to find out the correlation of BMI, SES and PA among all the students. RESULTS: Overall, boys have higher PAQ-C scores as compared to girls. Inadequate PA was noted among all children. Results of the present study showed that there was a statistically significant weak positive correlation of SES with BMI (r = 0.34, P &lt; 0.05), a statistically significant moderate positive correlation of SES with PA (r = 0.65, P &lt; 0.05) but a statistically significant moderate negative correlation was found for BMI and PA (r = −0.46, P &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study concludes a significant relationship between BMI, SES and PA among school children.

Contributing Factors for the Increased Inter-arm Systolic Blood Pressure Difference in Different Age Groups

Abstract OBJECTIVE To explore the contributing factors for the increased inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference (IASBPD) in young, middle-aged, and elderly people. METHODS A total of 51,428 workers in Kailuan who underwent arteriosclerosis detection of extremities during physical examination from 2010 to 2020 were selected as the subjects. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the age segment proposed by the World Health Organization: young, middle-aged, and elderly group. Each age group was subsequently divided into 2 groups according to whether the IASBPD was increased: IASBPD 15 mm Hg and IASBPD &amp;gt;15 mm Hg group. The detection rate of IASBPD &amp;gt;15 mm Hg in each age group was calculated, and the contributing factors of IASBPD &amp;gt;15 mm Hg in different age groups were analyzed via multifactor logistic regression model. RESULTS The detection rate of IASBPD &amp;gt;15 mm Hg was 15.65% in all the subjects, and it was 12.90%, 15.28%, and 20.69% in the young, middle-aged, and elderly groups, respectively (χ2 = 343.83, P &amp;lt; 0.01). In all the young, middle-aged, and elderly groups, the risk factors for IASBPD &amp;gt;15 mm Hg included decreased ankle–brachial index (ABI), elevated body mass index (overweight and obesity), male, elevated brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and hypertension. Furthermore, elevated high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was a risk factor for increased IASBPD in young people (odds ratio [OR] = l.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.04). And elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was a risk factor (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.15) for increased IASBPD in middle-aged people, and the high level of education was a protective factor (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.94). Diabetes (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.16–1.42) and old age (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.01–1.02) were risk factors for increased IASBPD in the elderly people, and high level of education (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.74–0.95) and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.72–0.93) were protective factors. CONCLUSIONS The detection rate of IASBPD &amp;gt;15 mm Hg increases with the increase of age in the young, middle-aged, and elderly groups. Decreased ABI, elevated overweight obesity, male, elevated baPWV, and hypertension are common risk factors for increases IASBPD in 3 age groups. Furthermore, elevated hsCRP, elevated LDL-C, diabetes mellitus, and old age are risk factors for increased IASBPD in young, middle-aged, and elderly group, respectively.

Decision tree in Obesity Level Classification of Northern Technical University Students

The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among youth and adolescents is a concerning trend in many countries. This poses a significant threat to current and future healthcare systems due to the associated risks of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic disorders, and even mortality. Developing effective strategies for preventing these conditions and understanding their origins are crucial. Creating predictive models for overweight and obesity in young individuals and their related outcomes holds immense value, and machine learning models have proven to be valuable tools for this purpose. The main objective of this study is to construct a data-driven model that can forecast the likelihood of overweight or obesity in youngsters. HTo achieve this, the researchers employed Decision tree analysis using the Rapid Miner program. This analysis aimed to determine the extent to which various human variables contribute to obesity and how accurately these factors can classify individuals into different obesity index categories based on their determined body mass(body weight in kg divided by the square of body length in meters). For this study, a body mass of &lt;= 24.9 kg.m-2 was considered normal weight (obesity index = 0), while a body mass above 24.9 kg.m-2 indicated overweight (obesity index = 1), The attributes related to student activity and nutrition were utilized as inputs for the Decision tree models, and the outputs were the obesity index classifications. The results of the investigation demonstrated successful classification of obesity levels, with an efficiency rate of 94.16%. This indicates that the data attributes used in the study were highly accurate in determining the obesity index.

Individual and dual trajectories of insomnia symptoms and body mass index before and after retirement and their associations with changes in subjective cognitive functioning

BackgroundWe examined individual and dual trajectories of insomnia symptoms and body mass index (BMI) before and after retirement, and their associations with changes in subjective cognitive functioning after retirement. MethodsWe used the Helsinki Health Study's (n = 2360, 79% women, aged 40–60 at baseline, Finland) repeated surveys to identify the developmental patterns of insomnia symptoms and BMI (2000–2017) and changes in subjective cognitive functioning (2017–2022). We analysed the data using latent group-based dual trajectory modelling and logistic regression analysis. ResultsThree latent groups were identified for insomnia symptoms (stable low, decreasing and increasing symptoms) and BMI (stable healthy weight, stable overweight and stable obesity). Insomnia symptoms were associated with declining subjective cognitive functioning and largely explained the effects in the dual models. Conclusion:The association between dual trajectories of insomnia symptoms and BMI with subjective cognitive decline is dominated by insomnia symptoms.