Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly ulcerative colitis, involves disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier due to ecological and metabolic imbalances in the gut as its underlying pathology. Current therapies for Ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit limited efficacy and adverse effects, necessitating the development of novel treatment strategies. Naringin and osthole are natural herbal compounds that show therapeutic potential in various inflammatory models due to their excellent anti-inflammatory activity. However, their combined therapeutic effects and precise mechanisms in UC remain unreported. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effectiveness and mechanism of naringin combined with osthole in addressing dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The investigation centered on their impact on the disruption of the intestinal epithelial cell barrier, modulation of intestinal flora composition, alteration of metabolites, and inflammation model in vitro. Modal assessment encompassed body weight, disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length, and histopathological examination. Intestinal barrier integrity was evaluated through Quantitative Real-Time PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. Microbiota abundance and metabolic levels wereassessed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and metabolomics analysis. Protein expression levels ofpertinent pathways and associated receptors were testedthrough network pharmacology prediction and western blot analysis. Naringin and osthole synergistically relieved colitis symptoms in mice compared with either drug alone or 5-aminosalicylic acid, as evidenced by weight loss recovery, DAI scores, and colon length preservation. Mechanistically, naringin combined with osthole down-regulated the expression level of JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway related proteins and repaired intestinal barrier. Furthermore, the combination regulates the composition of the microflora and promotes the restoration of a steady state of the microflora.Metabolomicrevealed amino acid-tryptophan metabolism as a key metabolic pathway. It also reveals the microbiota-tryptophan pathway as a potential therapeutic strategy. Naringin combined with osthole can alleviate DSS-induced colitis more effectively by JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway, repairing barrier function and regulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the combination therapy strategy to enhance the efficacy of potential functional food in treating ulcerative colitis.

Obesity increases the risks and complexity of laparoscopic surgeries. Preoperative very low-calorie diets (VLCDs) can demonstrate significant preoperative weight loss. However, the optimal VLCD duration remains unclear. Excessive loss of muscle mass associated with VLCDs may elevate surgical and postoperative risks. This study aimed to assess the impact of a dietitian-led preoperative VLCD intervention on changes in weight, muscle, and fat mass and to examine their relationships with intervention duration and surgical time. A retrospective chart review of patients attending a dietitian-led VLCD outpatient clinic for 1-8 weeks. Primary outcomes were changes in weight, muscle and fat mass, and their relationships with VLCD duration. Associations between preoperative fat mass and operative time for cholecystectomies and hernia repairs were explored using a general linear model. One hundred fifty-seven participants (97 female; mean body mass index, 39.2) achieved significant weight reduction (6.4 kg, P < 0.001). Muscle mass accounted for 28.5% of mean weight loss and fat mass for 68%, with an increased muscle to fat ratio (P < 0.001). VLCDs of >4 weeks showed greater median muscle mass loss (26.9% vs 8.8%). Operative time decreased by an estimated 0.61 min for every kilogram reduction in preoperative fat mass, after adjusting for surgical type (P < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.262). A dietitian-led preoperative VLCD intervention for 5-8 weeks can achieve clinically significant weight loss, primarily from fat mass. Exploratory analysis suggested lower preoperative fat mass may contribute to shorter surgical time, but further research is needed to control for other factors, such as complexity and surgeon experience.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are therapies for type 2 diabetes whose use expanded sharply after semaglutide's 2021 approval for obesity. Although gastrointestinal effects are well described, national patterns of acute GLP-1 RA exposures are poorly characterized. This study evaluated trends in GLP-1 RA exposures reported to U.S. poison centers, focusing on demographic shifts, exposure circumstances, and clinical outcomes before and after the 2021 FDA approval. We analyzed human GLP-1 RA exposures reported to the National Poison Data System from 2012 to 2023, using July 1, 2021, to define pre- and post-approval periods. Demographics, exposure characteristics, therapies, and medical outcomes were compared using standardized statistical tests. Quarterly call counts were modeled with segmented Poisson regression to assess changes in reporting trajectory. A total of 10,033 exposures were identified (3,113 pre-approval; 6,920 post-approval). Semaglutide predominated post-approval (64.2%). The exposed population shifted younger and more female. Most cases were unintentional therapeutic errors with mild gastrointestinal symptoms. The proportion managed in or referred to a health care facility increased from 23.0% to 33.5% (RR = 1.46, [95% CI: 1.36, 1.57], p < 0.001). Segmented Poisson modeling demonstrated a significant inflection in call volume, with semaglutide exposures increasing an additional 9.9% per quarter after approval. GLP-1 RA exposures rose sharply following semaglutide's weight-loss approval, accompanied by increased health care utilization despite generally mild clinical effects. Although multiple factors likely contributed to these trends, improved patient counseling and clearer poison center guidance may help reduce preventable therapeutic errors and unnecessary emergency evaluation.

Developing novel probiotics can help in preventing livestock diarrhea and associated intestinal diseases. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are symbiotic intestinal bacteria, which contribute to gastrointestinal tract health. An LAB strain, designated L. johnsonii RS-7, was isolated from the feces of healthy adult pigs and was resistant to acidic conditions and bile salts. In vitro evaluation showed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting its potential application in alleviating intestinal inflammation. An artificially induced colitis model was established in mice to investigate the efficacy of L. johnsonii RS-7. Results indicated that mice administered water containing 3% DSS developed pronounced colitis symptoms, characterized by weight loss, elevated disease activity index, shortened colon length, microvilli shedding, tight junction disruption, reduced goblet cell counts, suppression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, and impaired gut microbiota diversity. These suggest that oral administration of L. johnsonii RS-7 significantly alleviated colitis symptoms. In summary, L. johnsonii RS-7 acted as a probiotic by inhibiting activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.

Intentional Preoperative Weight Loss for Obesity in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Cancer Resections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing in prevalence worldwide, and postpartum glucose intolerance represents one of the major complications after delivery in women with GDM. A wide range of risk factors for postpartum glucose intolerance have been identified, including ethnicity, genetic predisposition, age, obesity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, history of GDM, family history of diabetes, degree of hyperglycemia, insulin treatment, lipid profiles, and other metabolic factors. Lifestyle interventions, including weight loss, are thought to reduce the risk of postpartum glucose intolerance. Careful attention should be paid to the screening of postpartum glucose intolerance in women with GDM, and concerted efforts should be made to prevent or delay the development of diabetes and other metabolic disorders.

As type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise globally and remains a major driver of cardiovascular disease, its remission has emerged as a therapeutic target. Current evidence supports bariatric surgery and low-calorie diets with meal replacements. No clinical trial to date has evaluated plant-based dietary alternatives as an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) strategy, despite the emphasis on plant-based diets in current clinical practice guidelines for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The REmission of diabetes using a PlAnt-based weight loss InteRvention (REPAIR) trial will assess whether a 52-week plant-based ILI targeting ≥15% weight loss is effective for diabetes remission in a multi-ethnic Canadian population. The REPAIR trial is a prospective, randomised, 2-arm, open-label, blinded-endpoint efficacy trial. Participants will include 160 adults with early T2D (<6 years) and living with obesity. They will be randomised to standard of care or a 2-phase ILI targeting ≥15% weight loss consisting of a 12-week weight loss phase on a plant-based total diet meal replacement, followed by a 40-week weight loss maintenance phase on a plant-based dietary pattern combined with a 16-week structured exercise program, and a 52-week (19-session) sustainable behaviour change curriculum. The primary outcome is diabetes remission (HbA1c <6.5% without glucose-lowering medication for ≥3 months) and the key secondary outcome is the proportion achieving ≥15% weight loss at 52 weeks. This trial will provide high-quality clinical evidence on the use of plant-based ILIs to address the epidemics of obesity and diabetes to inform public health policies and programs in Canada and beyond.

This article is dedicated to evaluating the diagnostic value of clinical and hormonal indicators in the early detection of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease). Early identification of clinical signs combined with stepwise hormonal assessment significantly improves diagnostic accuracy and prevents severe complications, including adrenal crisis. Clinical symptoms, such as fatigue, weight loss, salt craving, hypotension, and hyperpigmentation, in conjunction with hormonal markers including ACTH, cortisol, renin, and aldosterone, provide a reliable basis for early diagnosis.

Obesity and hypertension are interdependent chronic conditions that substantially elevate global cardiovascular risk. Rising obesity prevalence has led to a parallel increase in hypertension, driven by complex physiological disturbances that extend beyond excess body weight alone. This review synthesizes current evidence on the mechanisms linking adiposity to blood pressure elevation, emphasizing the roles of sympathetic nervous system overactivity, insulin resistance, renal sodium retention, and adipose-derived hormonal and inflammatory dysregulation. Particular attention is given to visceral adiposity, which exerts adverse vascular, renal, and metabolic effects that accelerate development of hypertension-mediated organ damage, including left ventricular hypertrophy, arterial stiffness, and early renal injury. The manuscript also evaluates therapeutic strategies for obesity-related hypertension. Lifestyle interventions-caloric restriction, structured physical activity, and behavioral therapy-remain the cornerstone of management, producing clinically meaningful reductions in body weight and blood pressure. However, sustained weight loss is difficult for many individuals, necessitating adjunctive approaches. Contemporary pharmacotherapies, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide, have demonstrated substantial benefits in both weight reduction and blood pressure control. For patients with severe obesity or inadequate response to medical therapy, metabolic and bariatric procedures offer the most durable outcomes, improving cardiometabolic profiles and reducing antihypertensive medication burden.

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) has gained recognition as a minimally invasive endoscopic treatment for obesity; however, clinical data in Japan is lacking. A retrospective review was conducted of 91 individuals with obesity who underwent ESG between January 2023 and November 2024. Eligibility included BMI ≥ 27.5 with at least one obesity-related comorbidity and preference for non-surgical therapy. Primary outcomes were the percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) at 1 month, 6 months and 1 year, and the rate of complications. The mean %TWL was 10.1% at 1 month, 15.2% at 6 months and 19.8% at 1 year. The follow-up completion rates were 100% at 1 month, 96.7% at 6 months and 87.9% at 12 months. Improvement in obesity-related comorbidities was observed in 57.1% of individuals with hypertension, 94.7% with dyslipidemia, 91.7% with diabetes, 96.9% with fatty liver disease and 75.0% with obstructive sleep apnea. One adverse event (1.1%) occurred, a pyriform sinus injury that resolved with conservative management; no severe complications were observed. ESG demonstrated favourable short-term weight loss and safety outcomes in Japan. These findings suggest ESG as a viable treatment option for Japanese individuals with obesity.

FANS: A framework for automatic assessment of nutritional status based on free-text clinical notes.

Multipath radical synergistic activation of hydrogen peroxide by colloidal-clay composite gel microspheres: Reaction mechanism and efficient photocatalytic degradation of p-Nitrophenol.

The current nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate recommendation (56–90 kg N·ha −1 ) for all blackberry types grown in the United States was developed based on research of trailing blackberries grown in the Pacific Northwest, where the majority of US blackberry production occurs. In the southeastern United States, blackberry production has grown rapidly over the past two decades. Because of this expansion and regional differences in cultural practices, climate, growth habit, and cultivars, it is necessary to verify whether the current N fertilizer rate recommendation is appropriate for the southeastern United States. A planting of mature erect ‘Ouachita’ floricane-fruiting blackberry was fertilized with six annual rates of ammonium-nitrate (0, 34, 67, 101, 135, and 168 kg N·ha −1 ) each year over 3 years. During the growing season, leaf tissue nutrient samples were collected from primocanes and floricanes every 2 weeks to assess leaf tissue nutrient concentration. During each season, blackberry yield and fruit quality were assessed and recorded. After each season, physiological characteristics of blackberry plant growth and development were recorded. Generally, higher rates of N fertilizer resulted in higher leaf N concentrations in both blackberry primocanes and floricanes. However, blackberry yield and fruit size did not respond to increased rates of N fertilizer. The baseline soil N concentration was high at the experimental site, which most likely contributed to 0 kg N·ha −1 and other lower N rates showing no signs of N deficiency. Higher rates of N also had no impact on fruit characteristics, including chemistry (pH, titratable acidity, and soluble solids), firmness, red drupelet reversion, and white drupelet occurrence, or weight loss in fruit 7 days postharvest. However, higher rates of N fertilizer resulted in higher blackberry fruit decay 7 days after storage and increased winter pruning weights for blackberry plants. Based on these results, higher rates of N fertilizer could cost growers more in fertilizer and labor costs and product loss in storage or after shipping. Our results indicated that no benefits were obtained from higher rates of N for ‘Ouachita’ blackberry, and this cultivar likely has a low N requirement for optimal production. The current N fertilizer rate recommendation of 56 to 90 kg N·ha −1 supported growth without negative effects on production, but our results indicate that lower rates may also be adequate for southeastern blackberry production. Because of the high soil N concentration throughout the trial, further research must be conducted to quantify the lower N rate optimal for southeastern erect blackberry production. Based on these results, we recommend that southeastern US blackberry growers should use soil and leaf tissue nutrient sampling to fine-tune N rates for their sites.

Combining GLIM phenotypic criteria improves survival prediction in cancer-associated malnutrition.

Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists on deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction outcomes in obese patients: A study of 5618 patients.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and Wernicke encephalopathy: A pharmacovigilance study and literature review.

Associations between nutritional and physical outcomes of community-dwelling older adults eating alone, versus with others: A systematic review.

Grumixama extract as natural additive on fermented sausage to control lipid oxidation.

Background: Cystic teratoma with neuroectodermal cyst and choroid plexus epithelium in the cheek has never been documented in the literature to date. We report the first example of a cystic teratoma with abundant neuroectodermal derivatives, like glial cells and papillary choroid plexus-like epithelium, within the masseteric space and with no intracranial involvement. Patient presentation: A two-year-old male child presented with a complaint of a slowly growing swelling on the left side of the face since birth with no history of fever, fatigue or weight loss or other similar swellings elsewhere. No relevant family history was noted. Subsequent investigations revealed a single large nontender well-marginated swelling of size 4.6 ×3.6 ×3.7 cm within the left masseteric space. Additionally, unilateral renal agenesis on the right side was identified on ultrasound scan. Surgical removal and subsequent histopathological examination revealed cystic cavities lined by flat cells, which at places showed choroid plexus-like papillary proliferations. The connective tissue capsule was predominantly of glial fibrillary material, lacking any presence of dermoid or epidermoid structures, bone, cartilage or any hard tissues. The immunohistochemical examination with glial fibrillary acidic protein, keratin, vimentin and S100 confirmed the neuroectodermal components. A final diagnosis of cystic teratoma with neuroectodermal cyst was made, arguing against dermoid or epidermoid teratomas. Conclusion: Cystic teratoma with neuroectodermal cyst features are common in the gonads, ovaries, or the midline, but is rare in the cheek region and never reported in the literature to date. The location is famous for dermoid/epidermoid cyst subtypes of cystic teratomas; however, a neuroectodermal cyst is an unusual presentation.

Weighing the impact of bariatric surgery: A meta-analysis of long-term outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy.