Background: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is challenging in weight lifters due to their relatively young age and desire for sport continuation. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study aimed to assess return to weight lifting and long-term outcomes after inlay-TSA (iTSA). It was hypothesized that iTSA would lead to high return to sport and performance. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This study included weight lifters (<65 years of age) with advanced osteoarthritis (OA) treated with iTSA (2011-2023). Radiographic analysis established glenoid morphology (Walch classification), OA grade (Samilson-Prieto classification system), humeral head centralization (Walch index; contact point ratio), and periprosthetic loosening (modified Lazarus grading system; clinically relevant radiolucency: complete line >2 mm). The primary outcome was return to sport. Secondary outcomes included weight lifting frequency, Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index (WOOS) percentage, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, satisfaction score, and range of motion (ROM). One-repetition maximum (1RM) and cumulative weight total (multiplying sets, repetitions, and weight lifted) were compared preoperatively and at the last follow-up on bench press (BP), overhead strict press (OSP; single arm and barbell), and military press (MP). The Wilcoxon rank-sum and paired t tests were used to compare preoperative and last follow-up functional and radiographic outcomes. Results: Eighteen male weight lifters (3 competitive, 15 recreational; 24 shoulders) with a mean age of 54.6 ± 6.8 years were included. Prearthritic weekly lifting frequency included ≥4 sessions (n = 16) or 2 to 3 sessions (n = 8). The mean follow-up was 83.5 ± 31.6 months. All athletes returned to weight lifting without restrictions at a median of 8.5 months (IQR, 6-24 months). Overall, 78% (n = 14) returned to the same or higher activity. The Cumulative lifetime maximum BP weight (preoperative: 6822.0 ± 2951.3 lb; postoperative: 5498.0 ± 2534.2 lb) was not significantly different ( P = .177). Athletes returned to 73.4% ± 20.5% of their 1RM single-arm OSP (BP: 57.3% ± 21.8%; MP: 55.8% ± 23.3%). The final mean patient-reported outcomes were 81.7% ± 21.0% for WOOS percentage, 86.7 ± 16.9 for ASES score, 1.0 ± 2 for VAS pain score, and 8.8 ± 1.5 for satisfaction score. Preoperative ROM significantly improved in forward elevation (from 117.6°± 34.8° to 142.4°± 31.8°; P = .008) and external rotation (29.9°± 18.9° to 46.5°± 26.9°; P = .008). Centralization improved in the Walch index (from 0.58 ± 0.09 to 0.54 ± 0.05; P = .025) and contact point ratio (0.58 ± 0.08 to 0.51 ± 0.05; P < .001). Two glenoid components were removed due to posttraumatic injuries. Conclusion: All athletes returned to weight lifting, with 78% returning to the same or higher activity. Weight lifters regained substantial performance levels at a mean of 74% of their prearthritic lifetime 1RMs. The long-term results support the treatment of advanced glenohumeral arthritis with iTSA for active patients.

Veltzke, F, Qiu, F, Bey, ME, and Legerlotz, K. A weightlifting belt increases squat performance and subjectively perceived but not objectively measured postural stability. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-Weight lifting belts are subjectively perceived to enhance stability and improve athletic performance. However, the mechanisms underlying performance enhancement are poorly researched. This study thus aims to determine whether athletic performance and postural stability are objectively increased by wearing a weightlifting belt, and whether the effects are affected by sex or experience with belt application. Belt experienced (n = 15) and unexperienced (n = 14) men (height 182 ± 7 cm; body mass 88 ± 10 kg), and experienced (n = 11) and unexperienced (n = 9) women (height 168 ± 6 cm; body mass 66 ± 6 kg) participated in 2 measurement sessions 1 week apart. In each session, 2 sets of squats to exhaustion with the beltless 6 repetition maximum weight were performed while standing on force plates, wearing (B) or not wearing (noB) the belt in a randomized order, which was reversed in the second measurement session. The number of repetitions, movement duration, postural sway, and subjectively perceived stability were compared between conditions. With belt application, the number of repetitions increased, regardless of sex or belt experience (B_8.1 ± 1.7; noB_6.5 ± 1.3, ρ < 0.001; Wilcoxon-Test), whereas the duration of the concentric phase of squats decreased (B_1.99 ± 0.2 s; noB_2.09 ± 0.2 s, ρ < 0.001; t-Test). Wearing the belt subjectively increased postural stability (Score_3.7; ρ < 0.001; t-Test), but did not do so objectively. The path length, adjusted for movement duration, was significantly increased in experienced individuals (noB_13.4 ± 2.3 cm·s-1; B_13.7 ± 2.8 cm·s-1; ρ = 0.045; t-Test). Belt application led to an improvement in squat performance, in terms of increased movement velocity and number of repetitions, in both men and women, irrespective of prior experience. However, this improvement cannot be attributed to an increase in postural stability.

Background: Inguinal hernias, the most common abdominal wall hernias, occur when abdominal contents protrude through the inguinal canal due to abdominal wall weakness. They account for 75% of all abdominal wall hernias, with indirect inguinal hernias being more common than direct ones. Risk factors include congenital conditions, increased intra-abdominal pressure, age, and smoking. Aim: This study aims to assess the different clinical characteristics and patterns of presentation of inguinal hernia in the adult population. Methods: This prospective study included 85 patients with primary inguinal hernia admitted at the Department of Surgery, Khulna Medical College Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh, between January 2020 to December 2023. Patients were selected using purposive sampling and were assessed for fitness for surgery through routine tests. Exclusion criteria included infants, recurrent hernias, laparoscopic treatments, and certain medical conditions. Surgery was performed under spinal anesthesia using 3 ml of bupivacaine 2%. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was taken. Data were collected on demographics, clinical details, and risk factors, and analyzed using SPSS to summarize categorical variables with frequencies and percentages. Results: A total of 89.41% were male, with 40% above 50 years old. Most patients were engaged in business (52.94%), and 61.18% were from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. All patients had groin swelling, with common symptoms including groin pain (63.53%) and heaviness (61.18%). Hernia types were predominantly right-direct (32.94%) and left-direct (27.06%). Risk factors included smoking (25.88%), weight lifting (21.18%), and prostatism (18.82%). The majority of hernias were reducible (81.18%) and incomplete (77.65%). Conclusion: Inguinal hernias primarily affect males over 50, with direct hernias being more prevalent. Delayed symptom presentation, influenced by socio-economic and healthcare access issues, highlights the need for public awareness and early intervention. Key risk factors include smoking, heavy lifting, and aging, consistent with global trends. Mediscope 2026;13(1): 46-51

A giant incisional hernia is a common health complication characterised by the loss of abdominal wall integrity. It is typically observed in patients who have undergone abdominal surgery. Incisional hernias present a significant burden in healthcare, particularly in cases involving laparoscopic surgeries. They occur when abdominal contents protrude through inadequately healed surgical incisions, with surgical history and obesity being major risk factors. Colossal incisional hernias are generally defined by their large size (&gt;15 centimeters). Here, the authors present a case of a 45-year-old male who has had a large lump in his abdomen for the past two years. The lump worsened when the patient stood and improved when he lay down. The patient underwent umbilical hernia surgery eight years ago and has a history of heavy weight lifting. A positive cough impulse was observed, along with an old surgical scar. The patient underwent surgery that included adhesiolysis, omentectomy, omphalectomy, reduction of the hernia contents, closure of the defect with polypropylene loop sutures, and placement of a polypropylene mesh over the rectus sheath. The patient was discharged on the seventh Postoperative Day (POD). A six-month follow-up showed no signs of recurrence, indicating a favorable prognosis post-surgery. Anatomical knowledge is crucial for the effective management of any hernia. These hernias are managed through an interdisciplinary approach tailored to patient-specific factors.

Background: Retrohyaloid hemorrhage usually occurs at the interface between the posterior hyaloid and inner limiting membrane (ILM). This usually leads to severe visual impairment because of their specific location for the macular region. Objective: To see the most frequent causes of retrohyaloid hemorrhage in adult patient. Methods: Twenty four eyes of 24 cases were evaluated in Combined Military Hospital Dhaka. Patients presented with sudden profound painless loss of vision with varieties of causative factors like constipation, coughing, pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, blood disorders and strenuous exercise. Patient geographical data along with description of retrohyaloid hemorrhage were recorded in predefined data sheet. Results: Retrohyaloid haemorrhages were clinically diagnosed in 24 eyes of 24 patients (median age 32 years). Age limit were 05 years to 70 years. Best corrected visual acuity was grossly impaired in all patients because of involvement of central macular area. Among those, only two patients were presented with history of valsalva due to constipation and weight lifting. Eight (33.33%) patients were presented with retrohyaloid hemorrhage with uncontrolled diabetes with features of proliferative diabetic retinopathy among the detectable cases. Blood disorders were the cause of retrohyaloid hemorrhage in 4(16.17%) patients. One patient was presented with third pregnancy. Rest of the patients had no identifiable cause. Twenty eyes were treated with YAG Laser hyaloidotomy resulted in excellent visual recovery. Conclusion: Retrohyaloid hemorrhage often occur in a specific clinical context and can lead to severe visual impairment in adult patients. Though there are varieties of risk factor, uncontrolled diabetes with features of proliferative diabetic retinopathy is the significant frequent cause of retrohyaloid hemorrhage. JAFMC Bangladesh, Vol 21, No 1 (June) 2025:16-18

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMDs) affect a high percentage of operators performing repeated weight lifting and load carrying in industrial scenarios. Since upper limb muscles are affected in the process, the assistance provided by upper body exoskeletons is increasingly needed to prevent WMDs and their consequent cost to the health system. This paper presents the evaluation of Flexos, a portable, bilateral, shoulder exoskeleton prototype designed to assist logistic and industrial operators in performing occupational tasks. An in-lab assessment was conducted on twelve healthy subjects - 9 males, 3 females - to evaluate Flexos capability in assisting the user during the execution of isometric, dynamic, and carrying-load tasks. Different metrics were extracted from time-series signals to assess the effort related to five targeted muscles surrounding the shoulder complex. Despite the limited experimental size and the prototypal level of the device, Flexos managed to cover almost all the shoulders range of motion - 89.2% flexion/extension, and 88.4% internal/external rotation - and to globally decrease muscular activity in occupational activities, particularly when isometric contractions are required for a prolonged time, with average reductions of -27.2% for the static task, -18.6% for the dynamic task and -23.4% for the carrying-load task.

Background:Clinical outcomes after surgical repair of the distal triceps tendon are scarce and represented in small, heterogeneous case series.Purpose:To evaluate clinical and cosmetic outcomes after double-row repair in a high-demand athlete population.Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:All patients who participated in regular weight lifting and underwent distal triceps tendon repairs between 2000 and 2021 in 2 centers were retrospectively contacted for informed consent and follow-up examination. Patients who received distal triceps tendon repair in double-row fashion with a minimum follow-up of 24 months were included. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score, Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS; without instability), and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score were surveyed. General satisfaction on a scale from 0 (very unsatisfied) to 10 (very satisfied) was evaluated. In addition, a customized sporting activities questionnaire including subjective strength perception (0%-100%), time to return to sport, sports performance (bench and triceps press), visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, cosmetic results, complications, and failures (rerupture or reoperation) was administered.Results:A total of 70 patients (all male) with a mean age of 50.9 ± 8.7 years were included in this study. The mean follow-up was 86.9 ± 51.4 months. The postoperative outcome scores were as follows: 97.8 ± 4.8 for the ASES score, 93.6 ± 10.9 for the SANE score, 2.2 ± 5.5 for the DASH score, and 98.1 ± 6.4 points for the MEPS. The median satisfaction score was 10 (IQR, 10-10). Postoperatively, patients subjectively achieved a 94% return of prior strength after a median of 7 months. In bench and triceps press, pre- to postoperative weight loads were a mean of 162.03 ± 53.1 kg to 134.7 ± 52.1 kg (P = .001) and a median of 70 kg (IQR, 50-85 kg) to 60 kg (IQR, 50-60 kg) (P = .001), respectively. The preoperative VAS score was 5.7 ± 2.7 versus 0.2 ± 0.6 postoperatively (P = .001). Overall, 85.7% of patients were satisfied with the cosmetic result. In total, 6 reruptures (8.6%) and 1 infection (1.4%) were observed. All 7 patients underwent surgical revision.Conclusion:Double-row reconstruction of distal triceps tendon ruptures achieved good clinical and cosmetic results with a low complication rate in this high-demand patient population. Subjectively, maximum strength was regained after a median of 7 months; however, selective triceps strength during bench and triceps press resulted in significantly reduced weight loads postoperatively.

A video-based assessment tool using machine learning for ergonomic risk prediction in manual lifting tasks

In India, low back pain is one of the most prevalent health issues, significantly impacting people’s daily lives. Among the various causes, Ghrīḍhrasi—a Vata‑dominant disorder described in Ayurvedic classics—is particularly common and closely resembles modern sciatica, which results from compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve. Today’s sedentary lifestyle, poor posture, prolonged sitting, jerky movements during travel, heavy weight lifting, and lack of regular exercise substantially contribute to the onset of pain. Sciatica, in contemporary medical terms, is characterized by pain emerging from the lumbar spine and radiating downward to the buttocks, thigh, calf, and foot. Ghrīḍhrasi, as described in Ayurveda, manifests with pain beginning in the Kati, then descending through the posterior aspect of Uru, Jangha, Janu, and up to Padanguli, along with symptoms of Stambha, Toda, and Spandana.Modern medicine largely relies on NSAIDs and steroid injections, which may offer short-term relief but pose risks with prolonged use—and ultimately may lead to surgical intervention, which has its own limitations. This underscores the urgent need for a safer, more sustainable therapeutic approach. The present study exhibits principles of treatment modalities according to ancient literature. Ayurvedic texts offer various modalities such as Bheshaja, Snehana, Swedana, Siravedha, Agnikarma, and Basti as comprehensive options for the effective management of Ghrīḍhrasi.

Abstract Introduction Sexual dysfunction is a prevalent issue affecting quality of life. Skeletal muscle mass and strength are emerging biomarkers for overall health and well-being. Considered in tandem, sexual function and muscle mass have significant implications for well-being. Endothelial function and metabolic regulation are two primary mechanisms by which muscle maintains sexual function. Objective We aim to explore the relationship between skeletal muscle parameters and sexual function via mechanisms and the role of testosterone. Methods A PubMed literature search was conducted using the following MeSH terms: “Muscle, Skeletal”, “Sexual Dysfunctions, Physiological”, and “Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological”. Keywords included "sarcopenia", "muscle mass", "muscle strength", "hand strength", "resistance training", "skeletal muscle", "weight lifting", "sexual function", "sexual dysfunction", "erectile function", "erectile dysfunction", and "male sexual function”. Inclusion criteria encompassed original research and review articles, with no restriction placed on publication dates to capture the evolution of the scientific discourse. Results This yielded 355 results, and 32 were selected for inclusion. Skeletal muscle mass and strength contribute independently to healthy sexual function through metabolic and endothelial mechanisms, particularly in aging adults and men with comorbidities like sarcopenia, diabetes, and obesity (Table 1). Cross-sectional studies using muscle volume, hand-grip strength (HGS), and bioelectrical impedance assessment (BIA) show correlations between muscle parameters and erectile function, sexual desire, and overall sexual satisfaction. The odds of experiencing negative sexual symptoms lessen with the maintenance of muscle strength and grow with BMI. In older men, HGS correlates with a decreased risk of erectile dysfunction (ED) (OR: 0.86 per 5 kg, 95% CI: 0.78–0.96). Participation in muscle-strengthening activities significantly lowers the risk of ED in men 40 and older (OR 0.67; 95% CI: 0.51–0.89). The relationship between low muscle strength and ED persists in men with chronic inflammation, including those with metabolic syndrome (OR 15.35, 95% CI: 5.64–41.81), rheumatoid arthritis, and renal dysfunction. Despite the established influence of testosterone on muscle and endothelial health, an independent correlation between HGS and IIEF5 persists after adjustment for serum testosterone (β = 0.169, p = .037), showing the strength of the relationship independent of testosterone. Conclusions A positive correlation exists between erectile function and muscle health. Maintenance of skeletal muscle with nutrition and physical activity improves erectile and overall health outcomes in both healthy and comorbid populations. Sexual function may see further benefits from therapies that target sexual function and muscle health simultaneously (e.g., testosterone and L-carnitine). Future studies are warranted to strengthen and elucidate this relationship and to follow the longitudinal outcomes of these therapies on sexual health. Disclosure Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Besins, Boston Scientific, Coloplast, Endo, Marius, Petros, Sprout

The US National Center for Health Statistics published the ages of patients who died in the US during the pandemic, as well as the numbers of false-negative and false-positive PCR tests. Assessment of the data showed that roughly 33.9 × 109 J of work power is lost. A cyclist may do 3,709 kJ, a weight lifter may do 3,950 kJ, a rugby player may do 3,716 kJ, and a golfer may do 2,413 kJ of work in a day. Therefore, the total loss of work potential during the pandemic would be equivalent to the work power utilized by an elite athlete biker in 91x105 days, a weight lifter in 85x105 days, a rugby player in 91x105 days, and a golfer in 15x106 days. The disease transmission rate and the reliability of the data may be substantially different in different countries and age groups; therefore, this may lead to different global work power loss results.

Emerging drug trends in Japan: possible benefits of exercise, budo, and mindfulness as prevention strategies

Background:While sport participation among older adults is increasing, there is a paucity of research on the injury profile for this population.Purpose:To quantify and characterize orthopaedic injuries in older adults across various popular sports that are noncontact and limited contact.Study Design:Descriptive epidemiology studyMethods:The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was queried for orthopaedic injuries in adults aged 55 years from 12 popular sports between 2014 and 2023. Demographics, injury characteristics, and hospital dispositions were analyzed. Weighted national estimates were calculated. Incidence rates per 100,000 individuals were computed using US Census data. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, body part, and sport type were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for hospitalization, fracture, sprain/strain, and dislocation.Results:A total of 5561 cases (national estimate: 287,255) were identified. Golf (22.8%), pickleball (17.0%), tennis (13.4%), and weight lifting (12.9%) accounted for most injuries. While sprain/strain was most common overall (56.9%), fractures predominated in pickleball, tennis, baseball, soccer, and tennis. Fracture risk increased with age (85+ vs 55-59: OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.52-2.77), while sprain/strain risk decreased. Female patients had higher fracture odds (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.64-2.73). Basketball (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.62-1.93), tennis (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.46-1.72), and pickleball (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.33-1.56) had the highest hospitalization odds. Pickleball injuries increased 925% since 2014, surpassing golf as the sport with the highest injury incidence in recent years.Conclusion:Our review demonstrates that noncontact and limited-contact sports resulted in more fractures and increased odds of hospitalization outcomes for older adults. Women had higher odds of fracture than men when playing sports. Although limitations in our study should be noted, age-related changes in injury patterns, particularly the increased fracture risk and hospitalization rates seen in our study, suggest a need for specialized orthopaedic care and prevention strategies for this growing demographic of athletes.

The topic of the presented paper concerns the comprehensive effects of changes in the viscosity of human sweat during its flow through the thin gap between the skin and tightly fitting clothing on human Metabolic Age (MA). Additionally, the paper identifies and demonstrates, both analytically and experimentally, the complex relationships between the material properties of underwear and Metabolic Age. Among the main scientific contributions of this study is the identification of optimal rejuvenation effects achieved during physical training activities, which are associated with hydrodynamic lubrication of the skin by sweat through mechanisms of squeezing and rotation. Decreases in Metabolic Age (i.e., rejuvenation effects) can be indirectly linked to increases in the dynamic viscosity of sweat, particularly following exercise activities such as weight lifting. As training activity (TA), such as weight lifting, increases, Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) tends to rise, resulting in a reduction in Metabolic Age. Moreover, the degree of rejuvenation depends on the fit and specific properties of the underwear material worn during exercise.

Anaerobic exercise, characterized by short bursts of high-intensity activity such as weightlifting, sprinting, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), has been documented to influence the body physiology. The study investigated the acute impact of weightlifting and rope jumping exercise sessions on blood pressure, pulse rate, blood glucose, body temperature, pulmonary indices, and urine creatinine and electrolyte levels in healthy male subjects. Twenty participants, aged 18-25, were randomly assigned to the control group (n=10) and the exercise group (n=10). The control group watched exercise videos of weightlifting and rope jumping, respectively. The anaerobic exercise group performed weightlifting and rope jumping exercise sessions, respectively. Before the commencement of the experiment, the participants were given a 15-minute rest, and their blood pressure, body temperature, and blood glucose were measured. Then they were given 600 mL of water and 15 g of glucose for hydration and energy. After 45 minutes, their cardiovascular indices, blood glucose, body temperature, pulmonary indices, and urine sample for assessment of urine electrolyte and creatinine levels were taken. After that, the control group watched a video of people engaged in weight lifting, and the exercise group lifted 6 kg dumbbells (3 kg per arm) for 15 minutes with a 20-second break period after every 2 minutes of performing the exercise or watching the video. After the first session, a 30- minute recuperation period was given before the commencement of the second session (rope jumping). The same procedure was repeated in the second session. Blood pressure, pulse rate, blood glucose, and body temperature were measured immediately after the first session, 15, 30 minutes after the first session, immediately after the second session, 15, and 30 minutes after the second session. Pulmonary indices and urine samples were taken immediately after the first session, 30 minutes after the first session, immediately after the second session, and 30 minutes after the second session. The results showed a significant increase in systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse rate, and body temperature; however, there was no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure, lung function parameters, or blood glucose in the exercise group compared to the control group. In addition, the exercise group showed a significant increase in urine sodium and potassium levels, as well as a significant decrease in urine creatinine level, at the end of the 30- minute recuperation period compared to the control group. The study demonstrated that weightlifting and rope jumping exercise sessions significantly increased blood pressure, pulse rate, and body temperature, but had no significant effect on lung function and blood glucose level. These findings suggest that weightlifting and rope jumping have short-term effects on cardiovascular functions and body temperature, but do not alter lung function or blood glucose level in healthy young males. Significant changes may occur in lung function and blood glucose levels in a long-term study.

The research aims to : 1-Identifying some biokinetic variables for elite female players in Iraq with the effectiveness of pushing weight. 2-Studying the relationship between some biogenetic variables of elite players in Iraq with the effectiveness of pushing weight and the level of achievement . The study was conducted on a sample of (4) top players in the effectiveness of weightlifting participating in the Iraqi championships, and they are the elite participants. The researcher used video imaging with a high-speed camera (220 images / sec). By using the kinetic analysis program for the purpose of obtaining the required data, the researcher has used statistical means such as the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and the simple correlation coefficient using the (spps) bag to process the data, and the results obtained by the researcher were discussed as follows: 1-The lack of horizontal distance negatively affected the achievement . 2-The resultant lack of distance had a negative impact on the achievement. 3-The height of the center of gravity of the body has an effect on achievement because it works to direct the body upwards . 4-The horizontal speed of the arm aiming for the pushing stage has a positive effect on the achievement. 5-The ability of the shooter to release the weight in a shorter time had a positive impact on achievement. The following recommendations were reached : 1-Emphasis on performing the glide stage correctly because it gains the body and weight at an initial speed to achieve a better achievement . 2-The need to pay attention to the angle of launch of the weight, because it is one of the factors affecting the projectile. 3-Emphasis on the technical performance on the mechanical basis, starting from the starting position in the throwing circle, passing through the glide, then the launching stage and throwing the tool as far as possible .

Hemorrhoids are a common anorectal condition that significantly affects the quality of life. It characterized by the swelling and inflammation of the venous plexuses in the anal canal. Despite their prevalence, the burden and associated risk factors are often underreported in clinical settings.This study aims to determine to assess the prevalence of hemorrhoids and identify the major risk factors contributing to their development among a general population attending a tertiary care teaching hospital. A prospective observational study was carried out over a period of six months among 50 participants in the Department of surgery at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of hemorrhoids were enrolled after obtaining informed consent and evaluated through a structural questionnaire assessing demographics, dietary habits, physical activity, comorbidities and family history. clinical and proctoscopic examinations were performed to confirm the diagnosis and grade the hemorrhoids (Grade I – Grade IV) based on standard criteria. Statistical analysis was performed to determine prevalence of different hemorrhoid grades and identify significant risk factor. Among the 50 participants, the distribution of hemorrhoid grades was as follows: Grade I - 34%, Grade II – 24%, Grade III – 22%, Grade IV – 10%. Significant risk factors included chronic constipation (56%), low fiber diet (66%), sedentary lifestyle (40%), prolonged sitting (60%), obesity (62%), weight lifting (64%), alcohol consumption (52%), daily less than 1.5L water intake (74%). High grades (III and IV) commonly associated with chronic constipation and sedentary lifestyle.This prospective study findings highlight the impact of dietary modifications and lifestyle changes are essential to reduce the progression and complications of hemorrhoids.

ABSTRACTBackgroundGrip strength is a key functional marker of musculoskeletal aging, widely used to assess sarcopenia. In preclinical research, multiple measurement methods are often combined to enhance reliability, but standardization remains challenging. To improve measurement robustness, we previously developed a composite strength score (SS5) that integrates five different grip strength tests into a single variable. While SS5 provides a comprehensive evaluation, its implementation is time‐consuming, limiting feasibility in large‐scale studies. In this study, we also examine two simplified composite scores, SS2 and SS3, as potential streamlined alternatives. Additionally, although normalizing grip strength to body weight is widely used, its appropriateness in geriatric mouse models has never been formally validated.MethodsForelimb grip strength was assessed in a cohort of 160‐aged C57BL/6J mice using five methods: Weight Lift Tests (Deacon protocol with sponge weights and a modified version with metal wire weights), the Cage Lift Test and the Grip Strength Meter (trapeze bar and grid). Additionally, a cross‐sectional group of 173 mice was analysed to assess the correlation between grip strength and muscle size. Each method was evaluated for its correlation with age, ability to detect sex differences, variability and association with muscle size.ResultsAll methods strongly correlated with age (−0.518 ≤ rs ≤ −0.306). The Grip Strength Meter (trapeze bar) and modified Deacon method were the most effective in detecting sex differences (p < 0.001). While all methods correlated with muscle size (0.153 ≤ rs ≤ 0.332), the modified Deacon method and Grip Strength Meter showed the strongest associations. The mean coefficient of variation (CV%) ranged from 7% to 17%, demonstrating good repeatability. Notably, despite being widely used, normalization of grip strength to body weight was found to introduce bias in geriatric mice, as age‐related weight loss distorts strength assessments. Absolute values proved to be a more reliable measure. To improve efficiency while maintaining reliability, we developed two new composite scores (SS2 and SS3) by integrating a subset of methods from SS5. These scores preserved the strong correlation with age observed in SS5 while reducing the number of required tests, enhancing feasibility.ConclusionsCombining multiple grip strength assessments improves measurement reliability in aging studies. The newly proposed SS2 and SS3 scores provide a streamlined yet robust alternative to SS5, improving standardization and facilitating future comparisons in preclinical sarcopenia research. Our findings also challenge the routine normalization of grip strength to body weight in geriatric mice, emphasizing the importance of using absolute values to avoid bias.

Background: De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is a medical condition that occurs when the tendons of the thumb and wrist become inflamed, painful, and cause difficulty in movement of the wrist and thumb. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of de Quervain’s tenosynovitis and its associated risk factors among weightlifters. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over six months following the submission of the synopsis. Data was collected from two locations: Sultan Fitness Club and the University of Lahore gym. The study involved a total of 123 weightlifters selected using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. Participants included individuals aged 20 to 40 years who engaged in strength training (bodybuilding) at least four times a week, used weights of at least 4 kg, and provided informed consent. Exclusion criteria ruled out individuals with pre-existing wrist injuries, conditions causing distal quadrant tendinitis, any history of hand or wrist trauma or surgery, cervical radiculopathy, or steroid use. The prevalence was measured using the Finkelstein test, and severity was measured with a visual analogue scale. The other variable used to determine the risk factors for de Quervain’s tenosynovitis was measured using a validated questionnaire. After collecting responses through a demographic and structured questionnaire, the data were analyzed, and continuous variables were calculated using means and standard deviations in tabulated form. Ordinal variables were presented using frequency tables. Results: The study included 123 participants, with an average age of 26.37 years, predominantly male (82.9%), and an average height of 166.94 cm and weight of 67.80 kg. 34.1% of participants tested positive for De Quervain’s tenosynovitis, while 48% reported no pain. A majority (78%) engaged in exercises involving heavy wrist movements, and 62.6% took rest days for recovery. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that a significant portion of weightlifters are at risk for De Quervain’s tenosynovitis, with 34.1% testing positive. Key risk factors identified include frequent engagement in heavy gripping exercises, insufficient rest, lack of warm-ups, and the absence of wrist mobility exercises.

Low back pain is a common injury among weightlifters, often affecting their athletic performance and training capacity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of rehabilitation programs on alleviating low back pain by measuring enkephalin levels, a biological compound with analgesic properties. This study relied on an experimental approach to test the effect of sports rehabilitation programs on low back pain in weightlifters. This was achieved by assessing blood enkephalin levels, lumbar muscle strength, and pain levels before and after implementing the rehabilitation programs. The analysis was assisted using SPSS version 26. The results showed that rehabilitation of weightlifting injuries and the impact of enkephalin levels had a significant effect in reducing lower back pain (p &lt; 0.000). The outcomes indicated a tremendous impact of rehabilitation on enhancing muscle electricity and lowering ache, with enkephalin levels having a massive impact on ache comfort and growing performance. Conclusion, the rehabilitation program implemented as a treatment plan for chronic low back pain in weightlifters, especially those with mechanical injuries, is effective.