Database Website Research Articles

PIN142 High Cost of Treatment with NOVEL Antibiotics Compared to Standard of Care in Two EU Markets: Time for Subscription-Based Pricing?

Many novel antibiotics are intended to be effective against pathogens resistant to Standard of Care (SoC) antibiotics and attenuate progress of antimicrobial resistance. This study investigates the cost of novel antibiotics in UK and Germany compared to generic SoC and discusses opportunities that may remove barriers to use and offer increased value. Approved systemic IV and oral antibiotics (01/2010 – 06/2020) were extracted from the EMA website and pricing databases were reviewed to identify respective ex-manufacturer list prices in the UK and Germany. Antibiotics not commercially available/without publicly available pricing were excluded. Qualitative semi-structured interviews (n=10) were conducted with UK and Germany key clinical stakeholders to review the impact of price on utilization. Data for 9 novel antibiotics were analysed. 3 were approved for use in gram-negative infections, 5 in gram-positive, and 1 in gram-positive/negative. Cost of treatment with novel antibiotics (drug cost) compared to SoC antibiotics was on average 5X higher (range 1.4X – 16.2X). All novel antibiotics listed were restricted to 2nd or 3rd line use (once causative pathogen has been suspected/established). Respondents noted that cost is one of the key reasons novel antibiotics are restricted to 2nd or 3rd line use. In addition, they noted that the real-life value of novel antibiotics compared to SoC is more difficult to establish whilst their use is restricted to patients who have failed several therapies, often with complicated infections. As clinical experience increases, using these therapies in earlier lines where their comparative effectiveness against resistant pathogens can be better evaluated - as well as their benefit towards antimicrobial resistance stewardship - would help to demonstrate value. A subscription-based pricing structure may be one option to facilitate this.

De las provincias vasco-navarras a Chihuahua

El presente texto busca contribuir, desde una villa del septentrión novohispano, al estudio de la participación política de naturales de Álava, Gipuzkoa, Navarra y Bizkaia en los oficios de la administraciónmunicipal y en algunos de los otros cuerpos que operaban en aquella villa. Entendiéndoles como migrantes, se atenderán los vínculos que hicieron con el lugar que eligieron para vivir y también sebuscará dar cuenta de aquellos que mantuvieron con la tierra que los vio nacer. La investigación conjunta fuentes conservadas en dos archivos de la actual Ciudad de Chihuahua, México (el HistóricoMunicipal y el Histórico del Arzobispado) con acervos de la península ibérica que fue posible consultar en línea y bases de datos genealógicos. Y más que ofertar conclusiones acabadas, abre camino haciabúsquedas futuras.

Comparative Weibull distribution methods for reliable global solar irradiance assessment in France areas

This paper investigates the Weibull distribution analysis for an accuracy global solar irradiance assessment considering period measurements based on several and grouping years. The problem study in this paper is to find a global solar irradiance model in order to provide accurate estimation of PV energy output allowing better sizing of PV installation. The aim is to select the best Weibull fit procedure for obtaining reliable global solar irradiance from sun that incident in a place during time periods to estimate its yearly energy generation from PV plant. Comparisons are carried out between Graphic, Moments and Maximum Likelihood methods with two different databases (real data on-site measurements and SODA website database). These comparisons are made on global solar irradiance frequency distributions and annual solar irradiance assessment for different French locations. The originality of the paper is that the obtained results prove that the Maximum Likelihood method fits better with the global solar irradiance distribution while the Moment method provides an annual solar irradiance prediction. Thereby, we exploit the obtained results from the Moment method to achieve a more accurate solar energy forecasting model. This resulting model can be implemented for providing one solar energy estimation tool for PV plant sites.

Age-Based Disparities in Clinical Trials Supporting FDA Approval of Therapies for Hematologic Malignancies

Introduction: Older adults comprise the largest proportion of patients diagnosed with hematologic malignancies, with most new cases occurring in adults age 65 years and older. The under-representation of older adults in oncology clinical trials has been previously described, however data specific to hematologic malignancy trials is sparse. We conducted an analysis of the trials supporting Food and Drug Administration approval of new hematologic malignancy therapies over a 5-year period to evaluate the median age of participants and compared it to the real-world age distribution for the respective malignancy. Methods: Prescribing information for novel new hematologic malignancy therapies that were first approved for an indication in adult patients between 2015 and 2019 was reviewed for the median age in the evaluable population of the supporting clinical trials. Pediatric indications were excluded. Median age estimates among adults for each indication were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. The difference in median age (DMA) was calculated for each trial by subtracting the median age in the disease population from the median age in the trial (Ludmir et al, JAMA Onc 2019). Additional details on trial protocols were obtained from approval packages accessed in the Drugs@FDA database and FDA's Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies approvals website. Data are presented using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 22 hematological malignancy therapies were approved based on 26 trials, with 6033 patients in the evaluable populations. Less than half of the trials were phase 3 (10; 38%) or were randomized with a control group (11; 42%). The median age of the trial participants was a mean of 3.8 years younger than the median age of the disease populations (95% CI: −6.0 to −1.6 years; p<0.01). By indication (Table), acute myeloid leukemia trials most often enrolled younger participants (mean DMA -7.8 years), followed by large B-cell lymphoma trials (mean DMA -7.0 years). The protocols for the majority of the trials (24; 92%) did not specify upper age limits, however most required an ECOG performance status ≤2, with only 2 trials (8%) permitting ECOG status 0-3. All trials had eligibility restrictions related to comorbidities, organ function, or hematopoietic function. Conclusions: The median age of hematologic malignancy clinical trial participants was nearly 4 years younger than their respective disease populations, despite few trial protocols having upper age limits. Poor performance status, the presence of comorbidities, or organ/hematopoietic impairment may have contributed to older patients' ineligibility to participate in the trials. Adequate representation in clinical trials is critical to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new therapies in the patient population who will eventually receive them. Given the inherent limitations of clinical trial design and accrual on older patient inclusion, post-approval real-world research is needed to understand the effect of these therapies on older adults. Disclosures Gajra: Cardinal Health: Current Employment. Zettler:Cardinal Health: Current Employment. Phillips Jr.:Cardinal Health: Current Employment. Feinberg:Cardinal Health: Current Employment.

Identification of key genes and biological pathways in lung adenocarcinoma via bioinformatics analysis.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Our study identified key LUAD genes and their potential mechanism via bioinformatics analysis of public datasets. GSE10799, GSE40791, and GSE27262 microarray datasets were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The RobustRankAggreg package was used to perform a meta-analysis, and 50 upregulated genes and 87 downregulated genes overlapped in three datasets. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Furthermore, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were built by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and 22 core genes were identified by Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) and visualized with Cytoscape. Subsequently, these core genes were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier Plotter and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). The results showed that all 22 genes were significantly associated with reduced survival rates. For GEPIA, the expression of only one gene was not significantly different between LUAD tissues and normal tissues. A KEGG pathway enrichment reanalysis of the 21 genes identified five key genes (CCNB1, BUB1B, CDC20, TTK, and MAD2L1) in the cell cycle pathway. Finally, the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) website was used to explore the relationship between these key genes and certain drugs. Based on the bioinformatics analysis, five key genes were identified in LUAD, and drugs closely associated these genes can provide clues for the treatment and prognosis of LUAD.

The Abortion Web Ecosystem: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Trustworthiness and Bias.

BackgroundPeople use the internet as a primary source for learning about medical procedures and their associated safety profiles and risks. Although abortion is one of the most common procedures worldwide among women in their reproductive years, it is controversial and highly politicized. Substantial scientific evidence demonstrates that abortion is safe and does not increase a woman’s future risk for depressive disorders or infertility. The extent to which information found on the internet reflects these medical facts in a trustworthy and unbiased manner is not known.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to collate and describe the trustworthiness and political slant or bias of web-based information about abortion safety and risks of depression and infertility following abortion.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of internet websites using 3 search topics: (1) is abortion safe?, (2) does abortion cause depression?, and (3) does abortion cause infertility? We used the Google Adwords tool to identify the search terms most associated with those topics and Google’s search engine to generate databases of websites related to each topic. We then classified and rated each website in terms of content slant (pro-choice, neutral, anti-choice), clarity of slant (obvious, in-between, or difficult/can’t tell), trustworthiness (rating scale of 1-5, 5=most trustworthy), type (forum, feature, scholarly article, resource page, news article, blog, or video), and top-level domain (.com, .net, .org, .edu, .gov, or international domain). We compared website characteristics by search topic (safety, depression, or infertility) using bivariate tests. We summarized trustworthiness using the median and IQR, and we used box-and-whisker plots to visually compare trustworthiness by slant and domain type.ResultsOur search methods yielded a total of 111, 120, and 85 unique sites for safety, depression, and infertility, respectively. Of all the sites (n=316), 57.3% (181/316) were neutral, 35.4% (112/316) were anti-choice, and 7.3% (23/316) were pro-choice. The median trustworthiness score was 2.7 (IQR 1.7-3.7), which did not differ significantly across topics (P=.409). Anti-choice sites were less trustworthy (median score 1.3, IQR 1.0-1.7) than neutral (median score 3.3, IQR 2.7-4.0) and pro-choice (median score 3.7, IQR 3.3-4.3) sites. Anti-choice sites were also more likely to have slant clarity that was “difficult to tell” (41/112, 36.6%) compared with neutral (25/181, 13.8%) or pro-choice (4/23, 17.4%; P<.001) sites. A negative search term used for the topic of safety (eg, “risks”) produced sites with lower trustworthiness scores than search terms with the word “safety” (median score 1.7 versus 3.7, respectively; P<.001).ConclusionsPeople seeking information about the safety and potential risks of abortion are likely to encounter a substantial amount of untrustworthy and slanted/biased abortion information. Anti-choice sites are prevalent, often difficult to identify as anti-choice, and less trustworthy than neutral or pro-choice sites. Web searches may lead the public to believe abortion is riskier than it is.

Biological information and functional analysis reveal the role of discoidin domain receptor 1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma

This study aimed to establish a framework for the role of discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through biological data and functional analysis. The GSE31056 series of the Gene Expression Omnibus database and UALCAN website were used to assess DDR1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and OSCC. DDR1 RNA sequencing data for 260 HNSCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas were overlaid to evaluate its association with tumor progression and prognosis. To identify the function of DDR1 in OSCC, 38 patients with OSCC were followed for 8 years and immunohistochemical analysis, western blotting, Cell Counting Kit-8, and colony formation assays were conducted on OSCC cell lines to reveal DDR1 expression and function. DDR1 was overexpressed in HNSCC and OSCC tumor specimens and its expression correlated with overall survival and T-stage classification (P=.049, P=.0316). Furthermore, DDR1 was related to OSCC tumor growth because its expression increased with the T-stage level (P=.0071) but not N-stage level, histologic stage, or recurrence (P > .05). DDR1 was highly expressed in OSCC cell lines and promoted cell proliferation, which was repressed by nilotinib (P < .05). DDR1 has an oncogenic role in OSCC and might be a novel target for anti-OSCC therapy.

Clinician's guide for the management and research of osteoporosis in North African men: a guidelines comparison, a cost-effectiveness analysis, and a local algorithm.

Osteoporosis affects both men and women; however, no local recommendations for the condition are available for the male population. Therefore, this study was undertaken to produce recommendations for men based on the applicability of current international recommendations and the cost effectiveness of local drugs. The International Osteoporosis Foundation website, EMBASE, and SUMSEARCH-2 databases were searched to identify all guidelines that included recommendations for males. Regional and international guidelines were then appraised using the Advancing Guideline Development, Reporting, and Evaluation in Healthcare-II tool. A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using the perspective of an uninsured patient, international outcomes, and local costs. Recommendations were then formulated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation guidelines, and symbolic representations. Twenty-six guidelines were found. Only one of the guidelines focused entirely on males, with the remainder making inferences based on recommendations for females. Six regional guidelines were mainly of low quality. Alendronate was considered to be the most cost-effective drug, while teriparatide was found to be unaffordable. Recommendations for men with osteoporosis are based on that of women, and the topic lacks exploration in the Middle East. International recommendations and other guidelines were evaluated and adopted to create guidance for the management of osteoporosis in men for application in Egypt.

The algal selenoproteomes

BackgroundSelenium is an essential trace element, and selenocysteine (Sec, U) is its predominant form in vivo. Proteins that contain Sec are selenoproteins, whose special structural features include not only the TGA codon encoding Sec but also the SECIS element in mRNA and the conservation of the Sec-flanking region. These unique features have led to the development of a series of bioinformatics methods to predict and research selenoprotein genes. There have been some studies and reports on the evolution and distribution of selenoprotein genes in prokaryotes and multicellular eukaryotes, but the systematic analysis of single-cell eukaryotes, especially algae, has been very limited.ResultsIn this study, we predicted selenoprotein genes in 137 species of algae by using a program we previously developed. More than 1000 selenoprotein genes were obtained. A database website was built to record these algae selenoprotein genes (www.selenoprotein.com). These genes belong to 42 selenoprotein families, including three novel selenoprotein gene families.ConclusionsThis study reveals the primordial state of the eukaryotic selenoproteome. It is an important clue to explore the significance of selenium for primordial eukaryotes and to determine the complete evolutionary spectrum of selenoproteins in all life forms.

Fortalezas y debilidades de las principales bases de datos de información científica desde una perspectiva bibliométrica

En el presente trabajo se estudian las bases de datos de información científica más relevantes a nivel regional e internacional desde la perspectiva de sus características y funcionalidades. El objetivo principal consiste en identificar las fortalezas y debilidades de estas fuentes secundarias mediante el análisis de sus capacidades de indexación, cobertura, interoperabilidad y búsqueda y recuperación de información científica para la actividad bibliométrica. A partir de la observación y acopio de información desde los portales web de cada base evaluada, se desarrollan dos tablas diseñadas ad hoc que permiten el análisis y la comparación de su desempeño en función de una serie de dimensiones que van desde lo formal (origen, propósito, alcance) hasta lo funcional (acceso, formato, calidad). Se reflexiona sobre el aporte que estas fuentes pueden realizar a la construcción de matrices que permitan elaborar y calcular indicadores para la evaluación de la actividad científica. Se observa una marcada tendencia de los sistemas hacia el servicio de búsqueda y recuperación para la investigación bibliográfica, sin valor añadido para la reutilización de los datos de los registros recuperados. Se concluye que la mayoría de los sistemas estudiados requieren un importante trabajo de reestructuración y enriquecimiento de los registros para que sus servicios de exportación de datos constituyan verdaderas herramientas para la investigación bibliométrica.

استخدام بيئة تعلم نقال لتنمية مهارات إنتاج قواعد بيانات المواقع التفاعلية لدي طلاب المرحلة الثانوية الأزهرية

يهدف البحث الحالي إلي تنمية مهارات إنتاج قواعد بيانات المواقع التفاعلية لدي طلاب المرحلة الثانوية الأزهرية من خلال استخدام بيئة تعلم نقال, واستخدم الباحث المنهج شبة التجريبي, وتکونت عينة البحث من طلاب المرحلة الثانوية الأزهرية, وعددهم (32) طالبة يمثلون المجموعة التجريبية, وتمثلت أدوات البحث في (اختبار تحصيلي, بطاقة ملاحظة, بطاقة تقييم منتج), وطبقت قبليا وبعديا على المجموعة التجريبية , وبعد إجراء عملية التحليل الاحصائي للبيانات توصلت نتائج البحث الي : وجود فرق دال احصائيا عند مستوي (α≤0.05) بين متوسطي درجات تلاميذ المجموعة التجريبية فى التطبيقين (القبلي – البعدي) للأختبار التحصيلي وبطاقة الملاحظة وبطاقة تقييم جودة المنتج لمهارات انتاج قواعد بيانات المواقع التفاعلية لصالح التطبيق البعدي . الکلمات المفتاحية: التعلم النقال – مهارات إنتاج قواعد بيانات المواقع التفاعلية. Abstract The current research aims to develop the skills of producing interactive websites databases for Al-Azhar high school students through the use of a mobile learning environment, and the researcher used the semi-experimental approach, and the research sample consisted of Al-Azhar high school students, and their number (32) students represent the experimental group, and the research tools were In (achievement test, note card, product evaluation card), it was applied before and after the experimental group, and after performing the statistical analysis of the data, the results of the research reached: There is a statistically significant difference at the level of (α≤0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students in the two applications (Pre - post) for the achievement test, the note card and the product quality assessment card for the skills of producing interactive website databases for the benefit of the post application. Keywords: mobile learning - interactive website database production skills.

LncRNA STARD13-AS blocks lung squamous carcinoma cells growth and movement by targeting miR-1248/C3A

BackgroundThis research aims to illustrate the effect of lncRNA StAR Related Lipid Transfer Domain Containing 13 antisense RN (STARD13-AS)/miR-1248/C3A on lung squamous carcinoma cells growth and metastasis. MethodsBioinformatics analysis was applied to detect the expression of STARD13-AS/miR-1248/C3A in lung cancer samples and establish the ceRNA network. Transfection was performed to construct over-expression or knockdown models. PCR was implemented to examine the transfection efficiency. The biological function including growth, invasion and migration of LUSC cells were estimated by CCK-8 analysis, colony formation assay and transwell assay. Luciferase assay was executed to analyze the relationship between C3A and miR-1248, as well as miR-1248 and STARD13-AS. ResultsBy consulting the TCGA database and GEPIA website, we found that C3A expression was significantly reduced in LUSC samples. Additionally, we also discovered that miR-1248, which was a downstream target of STARD13-AS, was presented as an upstream regulator of C3A. Moreover, STARD13-AS was under expressed in LUSC cells and has a negative effect on LUSC cells growth ability. C3A expression was co-regulated by miR-1248 and STARD13-AS. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of C3A or the promoting effect of miR-1248 on LUSC cells growth, invasion and migration abilities can be regulated by STARD13-AS. ConclusionsOur findings revealed that overexpression of STARD13-AS restricted the growth and aggressiveness of LUSC cells via regulating miR-1248/C3A.

Systematic Evaluation of the Mechanisms of Mulberry Leaf (Morus alba Linne) Acting on Diabetes Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorder- related diseases. The application of herbal medicine to control glucose levels and improve insulin action might be a useful approach in the treatment of diabetes. Mulberry leaves (ML) have been reported to exert important activities of anti-diabetic. In this work, we aimed to explore the multi-targets and multi-pathways regulatory molecular mechanism of Mulberry leaves (ML, Morus alba Linne) acting on diabetes. Identification of active compounds of Mulberry leaves using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database was carried out. Bioactive components were screened by FAF-Drugs4 website (Free ADME-Tox Filtering Tool). The targets of bioactive components were predicted from SwissTargetPrediction website, and the diabetes related targets were screened from GeneCards database. The common targets of ML and diabetes were used for Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis. The visualization networks were constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. The biological networks were constructed to analyze the mechanisms as follows: (1) compound-target network; (2) common target-compound network; (3) common targets protein interaction network; (4) compound-diabetes protein-protein interactions (ppi) network; (5) target-pathway network; and (6) compound-target-pathway network. At last, the prediction results of network pharmacology were verified by molecular docking method. 17 active components were obtained by TCMSP database and FAF-Drugs4 website. 51 potential targets (11 common targets and 40 associated indirect targets) were obtained and used to build the PPI network by the String database. Furthermore, the potential targets were used for GO and pathway enrichment analysis. Eight key active compounds (quercetin, Iristectorigenin A, 4- Prenylresveratrol, Moracin H, Moracin C, Isoramanone, Moracin E and Moracin D) and 8 key targets (AKT1, IGF1R, EIF2AK3, PPARG, AGTR1, PPARA, PTPN1 and PIK3R1) were obtained to play major roles in Mulberry leaf acting on diabetes. And the signal pathways involved in the mechanisms mainly include AMPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway and insulin resistance. The molecular docking results show that the 8 key active compounds have good affinity with the key target of AKT1, and the 5 key targets (IGF1R, EIF2AK3, PPARG, PPARA and PTPN1) have better affinity than AKT1 with the key compound of quercetin. Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking, this study provided an important systematic and visualized basis for further understanding of the synergy mechanism of ML acting on diabetes.

Population data and genetic diversity analysis of 17 Y-STR loci in Saudi population

BackgroundThe Y chromosome polymorphism has been widely studied for human migrations, population genetics, forensic applications, and paternity analysis. However, studies regarding genetic lineage and population genetic structure of the Y chromosome in different regions of Saudi Arabia are limited.AimThis study aimed to analyze the distribution of Y chromosome haplotypes in a sample of 125 native Saudi males from different geographic regions of Saudi Arabia and compare to previously published Y chromosome haplotype data from Saudi Arabia and some neighboring Arab populations.Materials and methodsBuccal swabs were collected from 125 healthy unrelated native Saudi males from different geographic regions of Saudi Arabia. Genomic DNA was extracted by Chelex®100; 17 Y-STR loci were amplified using the AmpFℓlSTR Yfiler PCR amplification kit and detected on the 3130 Genetic AnalyzerTM. Allele frequency and gene diversity were calculated with online tool STRAF. The Saudi population data were compared with the neighboring populations using pairwise genetic distances and associated probability values were calculated using the Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database Website (YHRD) software.Results and conclusionOne hundred six YSTR haplotypes and 102 YSTR alleles (excluding 4 null alleles) were identified having a discrimination capacity (DC) of 85.8%. The highest haplotype diversity (HD) and gene diversity (GD) were observed at the loci DYS 458 (0.817) and DYS385b (0.807), respectively. According to our results, the Iraqi and Qena (Egypt) populations appeared to have closer relatedness to the Saudi population as compared with Yemen. The UAE and Kuwait populations showed the same degree of relatedness to the Saudi population followed by Bahrain. On the contrary, the Adnanit and Qahtanit populations of Jordan demonstrated low genetic distance from the Saudi population. In short, studying a population sample of pure Saudi ethnicity enabled us to identify a unique set of haplotypes which may help in establishing genetic relatedness between Saudi and the neighboring Arab populations. The present paper, therefore, highlights the importance of ensuring ethnic originality of the study sample while conducting population genetics studies.

National Institutes of Health: Gender Differences in Radiology Funding

Radiology has traditionally remained one of the most male-dominated specialties, although a higher proportion of women are now beginning to occupy roles as academic radiologists than their male counterparts. The present study investigated trends in National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding within Diagnostic Radiology stratified by gender, and correlated with measures of academic output, including h-index. Data on funding was obtained from the onlineNIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditure and Results for fiscal years 2016-2019, and information regarding each Principal Investigator (PI) was obtained from the Scopus database and departmental websites. Mann-Whitney U tests were performed on collected data for statistical comparison of continuous variables. Of the 2929 grants included in this analysis, 1789 (61.07%) were awarded to male PIs and 1140 (38.9%) to female PIs. Among PIs holding a PhD degree, male PIs had a higher mean grant amount ($619,807.00) compared to female PIs ($158,486.00). Although female representation within academic radiology has been increasing, the mean NIH grants awarded to women is less than that awarded to men. Reasons for this are numerous and may include differential prioritization of career objectives among men and women, although such rationalization is inevitably speculative in nature. Significant gender differences in NIH funding were seen at the PhD level, and the strongest correlation between NIH funding and academic output was observed for the h-index of female PIs. These results underscore the fact that women are ostensibly being held to a higher academic standard than men in terms of funding decisions.

Narrative Review: Optimasi Etanol sebagai Pelarut Senyawa Flavonoid dan Fenolik

The use of ethanol as a solvent for secondary metabolite compounds is very widespread. Ethanol can dissolve flavonoid compounds and phenolic compounds from plants. To be able to utilize ethanol as a solvent is dependent on some factors of concentration, temperature, time, and selection of extraction methods. This study uses the method by searching scientific articles from the MDPI website database. The Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method is very suitable for the optimization of ethanol as a solvent. The optimal use of ethanol is in the concentration range of 50-80%, temperature conditions in the range of 40-70ºC, and the extraction time is in the range of 30 minutes - 24 hours.

Down-regulation of TRIB3 inhibits the progression of ovarian cancer via MEK/ERK signaling pathway

BackgroundTribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) protein is a pseudokinase which plays an important role in cellular stress, metabolism, and tumor progression. However, the expression and function of TRIB3 in ovarian cancer is unknown.MethodsTRIB3 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in the ovarian tissue samples. Following down-regulation of TRIB3 by siRNA, multiple aspects of ovarian cancer cells were detected by the MTT assay, flow cytometry, scratch test and Transwell. Additionally, changes in related molecules and the MEK/ERK pathway were detected by western blotting. Finally, many bioinformatic methods, websites and databases, such as gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), DVAID, Genemania, TISIDB and cBioPortal were used to study the TRIB3.ResultsThe expression level of TRIB3 was higher in ovarian epithelial malignant tumors as compared to other groups. Patients with a high expression level of TRIB3 had significantly shorter survival times,which was consistent with the results of analysis of the KM-plot database. Down-regulation of TRIB3 expression significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration capabilities of ovarian cancer cells, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Following TRIB3 siRNA transfection, expression levels of relative proteins were found to be decreased. Additionally, analysis in DAVID website and GSEA revealed that TRIB3 expression was associated with multiple biological processes. Protein phosphorylation levels of MEK and ERK also decreased following TRIB3-siRNA transfection. The Genemania website was used to analyze the proteins that interact with TRIB3. Analysis of TRIB3 in the TISIDB database and cBioPortal website showed that ovarian cancer patients with high levels of mutation in TRIB3 had poor prognosis, and that the expression of TRIB3 was related to immunomodulation.ConclusionsThe TRIB3 was highly expressed and promoting the malignant behavior of ovarian cancer cells by activating the MEK-ERK signaling pathway. It was also found to be associated with genetic variations and immune modulators.

A multilevel analysis of short birth interval and its determinants among reproductive age women in developing regions of Ethiopia.

Short Birth Interval negatively affects the health of both mothers and children in developing nations, like, Ethiopia. However, studies conducted to date in Ethiopia upon short birth interval were inconclusive and they did not show the extent and determinants of short birth interval in developing (Afar, Somali, Gambella, and Benishangul-Gumuz) regions of the country. Thus, this study was intended to assess the short birth interval and its determinants in the four developing regions of the country. Data were retrieved from the Demographic and Health Survey program official database website (http://dhsprogram.com). A sample of 2683 women of childbearing age group (15-49) who had at least two alive consecutive children in the four developing regions of Ethiopia was included in this study. A multilevel multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify the independent predictors of short birth interval and Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) was used during the model selection procedure. In this study, the prevalence of short birth interval was 46% [95% CI; 43.7%, 47.9%]. The multilevel multivariable logistic regression model showed women living in rural area [AOR = 1.52, CI: 1.12, 2.05], women attended secondary education and above level [AOR = 0.27, CI: 0.05, 0.54], have no media exposure [AOR = 1.35, CI: 1.18, 1.56], female sex of the index child [AOR = 1.13, CI:1.07,1.20], breastfeeding duration [AOR = 0.79, CI: 0.77, 0.82], having six and more ideal number of children [AOR = 1.14, CI: 1.09, 1.20] and having preferred waiting time to birth two years and above [AOR = 0.86, CI: 0.78, 0.95] were the predictors of short birth interval. The prevalence of short birth intervals in the developing regions of Ethiopia is still high. Therefore, the government of Ethiopia should work on the access of family planning and education in rural parts of the developing regions where more than 90% of the population in these regions is pastoral.

Data Integration Through WebGIS to Inform Spatial Status of Coral Reefs in Lampung Province, Indonesia

Data integration of structured ecosystem monitoring is crucial to support decision making for better marine ecosystem management. Coral reef monitoring data had been carried out in several separated studies in Lampung Province. However, lacks data integration among scientists and institutions making them inefficient as a basis of science for ecosystem management and decision making. This study was aimed to integrate available coral reef data in the last 15 years in Lampung Province and inform the spatial status of coral reef cover through WebGIS. Secondary data of coral reef study in the last 15 years were acquired from published articles and online-available-institutional reports. Data were then converted to digital mode prior to publishing them in the form of a website database through WebGIS. Results suggested that there were four main areas of coral reef studies in Lampung Province, namely Lampung bay, Krakatau, Bakauheni, and Lampung west coast. One-way ANOVA analysis of the last 5-year coral data shown there were no spatial differences on coral cover the four areas. Coral cover in Lampung west coast was generally in good shape at 56.13±1.74% and was higher compared to those in Lampung bay, Bakauheni, dan Krakatau regions, at 46.57±2.23%, 36.48±1.58%, and 35.6±3.69%, respectively. All coral data was published through WebGIS at https://sll.itera.ac.id/research/webgis . It is recommended this WebGIS could serve as a reference to conduct long-term coral reef monitoring in Lampung since it provides coordinates and coral reef status as baseline data for further analysis of coral reefs ecosystem.

Children’s Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome, Associated With a New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19): Relevant Information and Clinical Observation

Background. New coronaviral infection (COVID-19) in most cases has less severe course in children than in adults. However, there were reports from the number of European countries and from United States (from March 2020) about children with new disease with signs of Kawasaki disease (KD) and toxic shock syndrome (TSS). So it has received one of the names children’s multisystem inflammatory syndrome (CMIS) associated with COVID-19. The aim of the study is to summarize up-to-date information about this disease.Methods. Information search in PubMed database, CDC (USA) and WHO websites, Search for information in PubMed database, on CDC (USA) and WHO websites, analysis of the medical records of observed patient with CMIS.Results. Clinical and laboratoryinstrumental manifestation and outcomes of CMIS in 120 children from Italy, France, Switzerland, England, USA with similar signs were analyzed. Proposed international diagnostic criteria of the disease in comparison with other phenotypically similar diseases (KD, shock syndrome at KD, TSS of Staphylococcal and Streptococcal etiology, macrophage activation syndrome), clinical observation of patient, algorithm of evaluation and management of patients with CMIS are presented.