Web Interview Research Articles

Stakeholders and smart city creation

Purpose This pilot study aimed to examine the factor structure of the Stakeholders’ Engagement in the Smart City Development Process (SESCDP) and validate its reliability. The objective was to develop a robust tool for future applications, including cross-validation and generalization to broader contexts, such as emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach In 2021, a survey was conducted in Szczecin, Poland, using CATI (computer-assisted telephone interviewing) and CAWI (computer-assisted web interviewing) methods. A random sample of 225 citizens and 120 companies provided primary data via a structured questionnaire. Quantitative analysis employed Cronbach’s alpha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Pearson correlation and descriptive statistics using R (packages “lavaan” and “Hmisc”) and Microsoft Excel. Findings The SESCDP scale demonstrated high reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha confirming internal consistency across three items: public institutions, local businesses and citizens’ engagement in smart city development. CFA supported a unidimensional structure and validated the scale’s reliability and generalizability. Consistent fit indices across samples underscored the scale’s utility in measuring stakeholders’ engagement. Research limitations/implications Limitations include the small sample size and focus on one city. Future research should expand to larger populations and diverse contexts to enhance cross-validation and explore stakeholder perspectives further. Practical implications The validated SESCDP scale can guide stakeholder engagement practices in Smart City initiatives, with potential for application in emerging markets and varying socio-economic contexts. Originality/value This study confirms the SESCDP scale’s reliability and offers a practical tool for evaluating stakeholder roles in Smart City development globally.

Health behaviors and their determinants in a group of professionally active women

Lifestyle is considered one of the most important determinants of health, which most of us have an influence on and can modify. However, it is necessary to raise health awareness among people so that they know how to do it effectively. The purpose of the study was to assess women's health behaviors and determine the factors that determine them in a group of professionally active women. Anonymous questionnaire surveys were conducted among 927 women aged 18-65 using the computer-assisted web interview method, using a survey developed for the project, containing selected standard tools and a personal questionnaire covering personal data and questions regarding, among others, self-assessment of health status and care for it, understanding the concepts of "health" and "care for health," sources of information about health. The Positive Health Behaviors Scale for women was used to assess health behaviors, with a set of questions regarding anti-health behaviors (including smoking, alcohol use), including a set of 34 statements grouped into 5 subscales: Nutrition, Body Care, Safety, Sleep, Rest and Mental health, and Physical Activity. The scale is used to assess individual health care, and its results are given in the form of points. Studies conducted among 927 women showed that they assess their health well and declare that they take care of it. The results regarding the undertaken pro-health behaviors do not confirm this, as evidenced by the relatively low average score obtained in the Positive Health Behaviors Scale (60.3 pts out of 102 possible to obtain). Self-efficacy turned out to be the strongest predictor of positive health behaviors among women, women's care for their health increased with age, and was also higher among those women performing mental work compared to those performing physical work. Due to the discrepancies between women's self-assessment of health care and their actual health-related behaviours, there is a need to continuously increase the awareness of women of all ages about the need for individual care for their health, taking into account both professional and non-professional factors. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2025;76(2).

Catch-And-Release Fishing: A Case Study in Poland

The purpose of this study is to determine the current state of angler knowledge, opinions, awareness, and use of catch-and-release (C&R) best practices and to identify the main socio-economic factors that determine attitudes and willingness to use C&R among Polish anglers. Knowledge of this issue contributes to more effective management of fisheries and fish stocks. The research was conducted through an online survey form using a technique called CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview). The questionnaire used consisted of 25 questions, including basic socio-economic questions, questions about seniority, frequency, location and method of fishing, and specific factual questions related to knowledge and practices regarding C&R. A total of 1574 respondents participated in the survey. The majority of respondents were male (97.5%). The survey showed that Polish anglers are overwhelmingly willing to practice C&R: 48.8% of respondents always and 44.0% often voluntarily release the fish they catch. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the use of this practice and the age of the angler (r = 0.46; p = 0.0001). Anglers under the age of 55 were the most likely to use C&R (p = 0.0097). The majority of respondents believe that C&R is important for improving fish stocks, but their knowledge and practices in this area have serious shortcomings. Inadequate knowledge of issues such as barotrauma or safe hook types, as well as inappropriate practices such as photographing and unhooking fish, can negatively affect their survival and ultimately the status of living water resources and ecosystem quality. These shortcomings may be due to inadequate education of anglers and fishery managers.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle habits and body weight of military flying personnel of the Polish Armed Forces.

The aim of this study was to assess whether and to what extent the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic affected the lifestyle and body weight of military flying personnel. The study involved 930 Polish soldiers - members of aircrew. The study was conducted by using a survey designed by the author, as part of the implementation of the National Health Programme 2021-2025. The survey used the research technique computer assisted web interview. Approximately half of the soldiers surveyed (49%) declared that they did not contract COVID-19. Analysis of the results on the frequency of consumption of selected food items showed that most food items respondents consumed at similar levels during the pandemic, compared to the pre-pandemic period. There was a positive increase in the frequency of consumption of nuts, fresh fruit and vegetables in 14.8%, 15.9% and 19% of respondents, respectively. More than 20% of those surveyed declared that they consumed less restaurant meals, fast food, sweets and sugary drinks. The vast majority of the respondents (77.6%) answered that they did not feel more negative emotions compared to the pre-pandemic period COVID-19 and emotions did not affect their diet. The frequency of physical activity remained the same for 71.9% of soldiers, while 14.9% respondents said they played sport less often than before the pandemic. Overweight was diagnosed in 50.2% of respondents, while 12.8% were obese. More than half of the respondents (56%) declared that their weight had not changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, 25.1% declared that their weight had increased and 8.9% that it had decreased. The COVID-19 pandemic condition did not disrupt the existing lifestyles of most military flying personnel. More than half of the military flying personnel surveyed reported no effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight change. A quarter of soldiers reported weight gain, which was associated with negative changes in diet and physical activity. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2025;76(2).

BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH TO M&A: SHAPING EMPLOYEE RESILIENCE FOR COMPANY’S SUCCESS

Purpose. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) trigger complex and profound organisational changes. Despite their potential, many M&A still fail to achieve the expected economic outcomes. Building on prior research emphasising the critical role of employee resilience for the success of M&A, this study investigates the factors influencing employee resilience during the post-merger integration phase (PMI). Methodology. In our computer-assisted web interview, we asked office workers representing 295 M&A in Poland to evaluate their experiences in the PMI phase regarding employee resilience, job satisfaction, communication effectiveness, visionary leadership, and organisational identification. Then, we applied a general linear model with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation to find behavioural factors predicting employee resilience. Additionally, we introduced interaction terms in the model to test the moderating effects of company size and gender on these relationships. Findings. The findings reveal that employee resilience is significantly influenced by job satisfaction, visionary leadership, and organisational identification. Notably, the positive impact of visionary leadership is more pronounced in larger organisations. These results offer valuable insights for managers and M&A advisors, highlighting key areas to ensure smoother M&A integration processes.

Relationship Between Perceived Stress, Midwife Support and Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Polish Mothers.

Breastfeeding is a cornerstone of infant nutrition, promoting optimal development and health benefits for both mother and child. Despite high initiation rates in Poland (97%), exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) drops sharply, reaching only 4% by six months postpartum. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with breastfeeding practices and barriers to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among Polish women during the postpartum period, with particular emphasis on the role of medical personnel support and maternal stress levels. A cross-sectional observational study, adhering to STROBE guidelines, was conducted from January to May 2023. The study included 1092 Polish women, surveyed using the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) methodology. The women exclusively breastfeeding accounted for 79% (n = 863) of the study group. The remaining women supplemented their child with modified milk (n = 229; 21%). Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 26.0), and logistic regression to assess associations between variables and breastfeeding outcomes. Logistic regression analysis indicated that in the women experiencing low or medium stress, none of the analysed support factors significantly influenced the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding discontinuation. However, women experiencing high stress, receiving counselling for effective breastfeeding (OR = 0.467; 95% CI: 0.232-0.941; p = 0.033) and assistance with proper breastfeeding (OR = 0.424; 95% CI: 0.220-0.819; p = 0.011) were associated with a lower likelihood of introducing formula feeding. The main reported reasons for early breastfeeding cessation included breast health issues, mental exhaustion, lack of medical support and infant-related difficulties. The findings allow us to underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve breastfeeding rates in Poland. New evidence indicates that women experiencing higher levels of stress require increased support from medical personnel in order to breastfeed exclusively.

Stakeholder perceptions of biodiversity in urban residential areas.

Stakeholder perceptions of biodiversity in urban residential areas.

Technostress Among Older Workers: A Central European Perspective.

This study explores the impact of two major labor market phenomena-the aging workforce and digitalization, which have global significance. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of digital technologies, resulting in economic growth, improved business processes, and reduced social isolation. However, the study also addresses the challenges and threats associated with digitalization, with a specific focus on technostress. The research analyses the primary techno-stressors experienced by older employees and self-employed individuals in four EU countries. Investigating various demographic factors such as gender, age, education level, employment type, and country of origin, the study aims to identify stress levels related to techno-demands and techno-disruption. This study utilized a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional survey approach. A Quota sampling method in combination with Computer Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI) was used to collect data. The overall response rate was 42% (varied by country) in total data collected. A sample of 1306 workers (aged 50-64), representing diverse demographics, was recruited and interviewed. The techno-stressors were assessed using a 14-item scale encompassing major stress-creating conditions as already reported in earlier studies. The results reveal intriguing patterns, particularly notable gender-based differences in technostress experiences across age groups. Younger male seniors and female seniors reported higher levels of techno-disruption, while techno-demands were more problematic for female seniors. Additionally, respondents' country of origin also influenced their experiences with technostress. Overall, the study sheds light on the challenges of digitalization for older workers in central European perspective and provides important missing information and data on variation in technostress based on nationality, age, and gender. The results prompt further research on longitudinal trends and discussions on geography, industry, and country specific impact of digitalization on the modern workforce.

Patterns of Energy Drink Use, Risk Perception, and Regulatory Attitudes in the Adult Polish Population: Results of a Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: From 1 January 2024, Poland legally banned the sale of energy drinks (EDs) containing caffeine and taurine to minors under 18. EDs are rich in stimulants, making them particularly popular among adolescents and young adults seeking energy boosts. Their consumption is associated with adverse health effects and engagement in risky behaviors. This descriptive snapshot study explores energy drink consumption, motivations, and risk perception among Polish adults. Methods: A cross-sectional, nationwide survey (N = 1121) was conducted over a three-day period using the computer-assisted web interviewing (CAWI) method. The sample was representative of the adult Polish population in terms of gender, age, and geographical location. Data collection occurred 14 months after the implementation of legal restrictions on ED sales to minors. Results: Among 1121 adults (54.3% female), 15.1% reported weekly ED consumption, 9.7% monthly, 13.3% less than monthly, and 62.0% never. Younger age (p < 0.05), male gender (aOR = 1.63 [1.25-2.13]; p < 0.001), and active occupational status (aOR = 1.63 [1.19-2.24]; p = 0.002) were significantly associated with ED use. Overall, 83.0% of respondents perceived EDs as harmful, and 87.2% supported the sales ban to minors, although only 45.6% considered the ban effective. Additionally, 31.8% had observed minors consuming EDs in the past 30 days. Sociodemographic characteristics were associated with risk perception and support for regulation: women (aOR = 1.50), individuals with higher education (aOR = 1.44), and those with good financial status (aOR = 2.35) were more likely to perceive EDs as harmful and endorse regulatory measures. Conclusions: Educational interventions should prioritize young adults, particularly males, who constitute the primary consumers. There is also a need to enhance enforcement mechanisms to limit minors' access to energy drinks and curb their marketing and availability, thereby improving public health protection.

Workplace and non-workplace loneliness: a cross-sectional comparative study on risk factors and impacts on absenteeism and mental health among employees in Spain.

The aim of this study is to (1) evaluate prevalences and concordance between workplace and non-workplace loneliness, (2) compare sociodemographic risk factors between workplace and non-workplace loneliness, (3) compare working conditions-related risk factors between the two contexts of loneliness, and (4) compare the impact of workplace and non-workplace loneliness on absenteeism, depression, anxiety and substance use disorder. A sample of the employee residing in Spain (n = 5400) was surveyed using computer-assisted web interviews (CAWI) during August and September 2024. Logistic regression models were constructed to compare the effects of risk factors for workplace and non-workplace loneliness (including sociodemographic factors, and factors related to working conditions), as well as the association of workplace and non-workplace loneliness on absenteeism, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder. Among active workers, 40.7% report experiencing workplace loneliness, while 42.0% report non-workplace loneliness. The level of concordance between both types of loneliness is low (Kappa = 0.36). Both types are more prevalent among younger and immigrant workers. Other sociodemographic risk factors (being female, non-married, and non-heterosexual) were significantly associated with non-workplace loneliness. Meanwhile, risk factors related to working conditions -particularly working under stress and labor precariousness- were associated with both types of loneliness, which showed an independent impact on absenteeism, depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder. Most of the social determinants of workplace loneliness are rooted in the work environment, indicating that effective interventions should focus on addressing labor conditions and precariousness to improve both workplace and non-workplace loneliness and their impacts on absenteeism and mental health.

The Dark Side of Boys' Compliments to Girls: Exploring Their Relationship with Sexism and Cyberviolence Towards Intimate Partners.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency with which boys "compliment" girls, know their perceptions about whether girls like compliments, and discen whether they believe that society expects them to make such comments. The relationship of such compliments with the level of ambivalent sexism and cyberviolence towards the partner was also evaluated. A total of 498 adolescent boys participated in this study, with a mean age of 16.01 years (SD = 1.02), recruited with the Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI) system. The main results obtained show that younger boys more frequently emit objectifying messages about women's bodies than older boys. They believe these comments positively impact girls, thinking they are appreciated. These boys, especially younger boys, show higher levels of hostile and benevolent sexism and perform more cyberviolence towards their partners. Boys' level of partner cybercontrol predicts the emission of comments about women's bodies, especially in boys with a high level of hostile sexism. Therefore, to prevent sexual harassment, gender-based cyberviolence, and sexism, it is crucial for the educational system to promote comprehensive sex education.

Assessment of oral hygiene knowledge and health-promoting behaviors among adults in the Masovian Voivodeship, Poland: A cross-sectional survey study.

The examination of pro-health behaviors is important in the assessment of factors that influence the health of the population. Despite a constant increase in pro-health awareness observed within Polish society, the epidemiological picture of adult oral health remains unsatisfactory. The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge of the study population regarding the prevention of caries, the role of fluoride compounds, and hygiene habits. A quantitative cross-sectional methodology was employed in the study. A specially designed anonymous survey was used to ensure the confidentiality of participants and to encourage truthful responses. The data was collected over a 5-month period using computer-assisted web interviewing (CAWI) with a Google Forms survey. The link to the survey was shared in public groups and on social media platforms, ensuring the collection of a diverse sample. Submitted surveys were cataloged and de-identified prior to analysis. The final sample size of the study was 643 participants. In the present study, only 95 respondents (14.77%) demonstrated sufficient knowledge about oral hygiene and declared behaviors that align with recommended practices. Factors such as place of residence, education and income did not have a statistically significant effect on the level of health awareness in relation to the preferred health attitude of the "ideal patient". The study revealed a lack of knowledge regarding the role of fluoride in caries prevention, with some individuals considering it harmful and refraining from using fluoride toothpaste. Approximately 20% of the surveyed population lacked awareness of the presence of fluoride in their toothpaste. These observations were comparable across both rural and urban areas. The present study indicates insufficient knowledge regarding oral health among the study population. It is necessary to introduce more comprehensive oral health education programs targeted at the adult population of Poland.

Green space attributes and their impact on perceived stress in Poland

Inconsistent findings and limited research from various countries highlight the need for further investigation of the relationship between Satisfaction with Green Space Attributes (SGSA) and Perceived Stress (PS) levels, which is crucial for informing urban planning strategists to improve residents’ mental health using green areas. Presented study explored these relationships and differences in greenery usage and preferences in connection with self-perceived stress levels in the study area of post-socialist cities and other settlements units in Poland—the country belonging to the former block of Socialist Countries of People’s Democracy (specific type of urbanism and influence on mentality of residents). Data collected in 2022 via Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI) covered demographics, green space utilization, SGSA, and PS levels using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Statistical analyses, including Kruskal–Wallis rank ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U-test and multiple regression, revealed that lower PS levels were correlated with higher SGSA across various greenery elements. Individuals with low stress levels spent more time in green spaces for leisure activities, mainly walking. However, satisfaction with greenery decreased with increasing stress levels, especially regarding the decrease of cleanliness, aesthetics and greenery amount. Multiple regression identified significant predictors of stress levels, such as health, greenery aesthetics satisfaction, income, and green area accessibility for children. The study underscores the importance of well-designed, diversified green infrastructure to enhance residents’ mental well-being. Accessible, well-maintained green spaces creating a network within urban environments are crucial for stress reduction. It is a guideline for policymakers and urban planners to create continuous green infrastructure consisting of various size and character green areas/elements and this green network should be as dense as possible, occupying every possible place.

Spanish Version of the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS-E): Factorial Structure and Scale Invariance in Spanish Adolescents.

Background/Objectives: Discrimination is a phenomenon of special relevance in adolescence, as this is a key period in the development of young people, so measures that accurately and reliably assess it are essential. The aim of this research is to study the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Everyday Discrimination Scale in a sample of Spanish adolescents. Methods: The scale was applied to 1000 adolescents using Computer Assistance Web Interview (CAWI) methodology by means of a stratified random sampling by age, gender and territorial distribution. Results: The results reveal an unifactorial structure of the scale, with adequate measures of reliability and validity that confirm that it is a suitable instrument for assessing everyday discrimination in this population. Conclusions: This study has implications for understanding the experiences of discrimination in adolescents and for developing interventions to reduce discrimination and promote equality. Limitations and implications for the future are also discussed.

Severity of erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation positively correlate with aggression levels in men: insights from a large population-representative study.

The effects of erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) on men's mental health are well-studied, but their link to aggression has been less explored. Thus, we measured associations between ED, PE, and aggression of men in a large representative cohort with well-balanced demographic characteristics. Participants completed computer-assisted web interviews with reliable questionnaires to assess ED, PE, and aggression. These included the five-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), and the Aggression Module of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Modified Version (A-HADS-M). A representative sample of adult men was generated based on the most recent census data, incorporating age and place of residence as quota controls, along with sample size calculations. We interviewed 3001 men, with a mean IIEF-5 score of 18.92 ± 5.04, a mean PEDT score of 7.15 ± 4.26, and a mean A-HADS-M score of 2.71 ± 1.64. We found that aggression was more prevalent in those with ED or PE (p < 0.001). The greater the severity of ED and PE, the greater was the intensity of aggression (Spearman's rank correlation coefficients of -0.207, p < 0.001 and 0.19, p < 0.001 for ED and PE, respectively). Univariate regression models showed significant links between aggression and both ED and PE across age groups. Multivariate models confirmed that these associations were significant and independent of age, sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, and lifestyle habits (regression coefficients: -0.041, p < 0.001 for ED and 0.028, p < 0.001 for PE). Our findings convincingly demonstrated a consistent association between aggression, ED, and PE, warranting further investigation into the underlying mechanisms of these relationships.

Futile therapy: a survey of Polish anaesthesiologists.

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the opinions on futile therapy among anaesthesiologists and residents in anaesthesiology and intensive therapy as well as to determine the frequency of the futile therapy protocol being used. Additionally, the survey aimed to determine the factors responsible for futile therapy being still practised in intensive care units (ICUs). The authors developed a questionnaire for the purpose of the study. In addition to questions about professional status, gender, age, seniority, and place of work, questions regarding aspects of futile therapy in the context of medical decision-making were included in the study tool. A question was also asked about whether the COVID-19 pandemic might have influenced the perception of futile therapy. The survey was conducted using the computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) technique. The questionnaires were completed in an online form between May and October 2023. The study group consisted of 488 respondents including anaesthesiologists and residents in anaesthesiology and intensive therapy. About 80% of the respondents were anaesthesiologists, with an average ICU experience of about 15 years. The vast majority of anaesthesiologists (n = 458) were of the opinion that the decisions on intensive care limits should be subject to legal regulations. Polish anaesthesiologists recognise the need to regulate the decision-making process as part of the legal system while not perceiving a need for their decisions to be subject to authorization by hospital ethics committees. Respondents also note the need to educate the public on the subject of end-of-life care.

Surveying the Digital Cytology Workflow in Italy: An Initial Report on AI Integration Across Key Professional Roles.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, particularly in digital cytology, has the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and workflow efficiency. However, AI adoption remains limited due to technological and human-related barriers. Understanding the perceptions and experiences of healthcare professionals is essential for overcoming these challenges and facilitating effective AI implementation. This study aimed to assess AI integration in digital cytology workflows by evaluating professionals' perspectives on its benefits, challenges, and requirements for successful adoption. A survey was conducted among 150 professionals working in public and private healthcare settings in Italy, including laboratory technicians (35%), medical doctors (25%), biologists (20%), and specialists in diagnostic technical sciences (20%). Data were collected through a structured Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) and a Virtual Focus Group (VFG) to capture quantitative and qualitative insights on AI familiarity, perceived advantages, and barriers to adoption. The findings indicated varying levels of AI familiarity among professionals. While many recognized AI's potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and streamline workflows, concerns were raised regarding resistance to change, implementation costs, and doubts about AI reliability. Participants emphasized the need for structured training and continuous support to facilitate AI adoption in digital cytology. Addressing barriers such as resistance, cost, and trust is essential for the successful integration of AI in digital cytology workflows. Tailored training programs and ongoing professional support can enhance AI adoption, ultimately optimizing diagnostic processes and improving clinical outcomes.

Polish Consumers' Attachment to Meat: Food and Plant-Based Meat Alternative Choices.

Background/Objectives: Poland has remained one of the leaders in meat consumption in Europe for years. This study aimed to determine the relationship between Polish consumers' meat attachment and willingness to change their consumption habits to plant-based foods and meat, using self-assessment, including attitudes toward health, naturalness of food, product novelty, and willingness to seek information about these products. In addition, the relationship between the meat attachment of the surveyed individuals consuming plant-based meat alternatives and their attitudes towards these products was assessed. Methods: A representative survey with 1003 respondents was conducted using the CAWI (computer-assisted web interview) method. Four consumer clusters were identified using the k-means method: Meat lovers, Meat neutral, Meat attached, and Meat opponents. Results: The Meat lovers cluster was characterized by dominant values for entitlement and hedonism and the least willingness to consume plant-based products in the coming year. It was represented by those who care about their health and like product novelty while lacking familiarity with and willingness to try plant-based meat alternatives. The Meat opponents cluster was distinguished by having the highest readiness for eating plant-based products. These individuals valued the naturalness of food, disliked buying new food products, and were familiar with plant-based meat alternatives but consumed them occasionally. Furthermore, cluster membership differed after considering gender, education level, and place of residence. Conclusions: The findings indicate the need for educational and marketing activities to raise awareness of the health and environmental benefits resulting from reducing meat consumption to decrease meat attachment.

The lifestyle of international students in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the lifestyle of international students residing in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on students from universities in Warsaw, the research explored behavioral patterns and lifestyle adjustments made in response to the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted between June and September 2020, employing the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) method. It surveyed over 3,000 students, achieving 719 responses collected via Google Forms and MS Teams. The Healthy Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire (HLPCQ) was used to measure lifestyle factors and personal control behaviors among participants.FindingsThe results indicated that young people from various cultural backgrounds demonstrated similar lifestyle behaviors throughout the pandemic. This homogeneity suggests common adaptations made by international students in response to the challenges posed by the global health crisis.Originality/valueThe study provides valuable insights into how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the lifestyles of international students in Poland. It offers information beneficial to researchers and public health professionals focused on improving the well-being of international students during future global crises.

Epidemiology of urinary tract infection among community-living seniors aged 50 plus: Population estimates and risk factors.

Epidemiology of urinary tract infection among community-living seniors aged 50 plus: Population estimates and risk factors.