Weak Threshold Research Articles

Assessing weak interaction and threshold effects of the trophic field overlap index on the relationship between species uniqueness and centrality in food webs

Assessing weak interaction and threshold effects of the trophic field overlap index on the relationship between species uniqueness and centrality in food webs

Musculoskeletal evaluation of the lower pelvic complex in women with endometriosis: A case-control study

ObjectiveUse clinical pain measurement tools to investigate and compare the prevalence of pelvic loin disoders in women with and without endometriosis. Study DesignChronic pelvic pain (CPP) associated with endometriosis has diverse origins, including musculoskeletal factors. Musculoskeletal dysfunction in the pelvic region is theorized to result from sustained muscular contraction, triggered by altered visceral stimuli and adoption of antalgic postures, causing secondary damage to muscles, ligaments, and joints. CPP significantly impacts quality of life, relationships, sexuality, and mental health. However, limited data exists on musculoskeletal impacts of endometriosis and CPP. It was made a case-control study at Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand from August 2017 to January 2021. Evaluated 71 women: 41 in endometriosis group (EG) and 30 in control group (CG). Data collection included sociodemographic questionnaires, musculoskeletal physiotherapeutic evaluations, pain mapping, pressure pain thresholds, kinesiophobia, and disability measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman's Rho test to determine correlations. ResultsMean age of participants was 31 years. EG exhibited lower pain threshold variations in lumbopelvic trigger points than CG (P < .05). Significant muscle flexibility differences between groups were observed; EG had reduced flexibility (P < .05). Most common pain areas were hypogastrium in EG (48.78 %) and left lumbar in CG (30 %). EG had higher kinesiophobia values (P = .009). There was a weak association between kinesiophobia-pressure threshold association observed in CG's lumbar pelvic region. ConclusionWomen with Endometriosis and CPP exhibit higher prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder, lower pain thresholds, decreased lumbopelvic muscle range of motion, higher kinesiophobia scores, and increased disability indices with low back pain compared to healthy women.

A climate analog approach to evaluate seed transfer and vegetation transitions

IntroductionThere is growing recognition that restoring species diversity is crucial to maintaining ecological functions and services. Increasing the diversity of species used in restoration programs has placed greater emphasis on determining the seed transfer needs for a wider array of plants. However, many plants, outside of commercial forestry, lack information that would provide guidance on seed transfer for current or future climates. Generalized seed transfer approaches use climate partitioning to approximate adaptive differentiation among populations and provide an estimation of seed transfer distance for such species.MethodsHerein, we describe a generalized seed transfer approach that uses Euclidean distance of 19 climate variables within North America (from northern Honduras to the Arctic). Euclidean distances are used to identify climate analogs from vegetation databases of about 685,000 plots, an average density of 1 plot per 32 km2. Analogs are classified into three thresholds (strong, moderate, and weak) that correspond to altitudinal climate gradients and are guided by the scientific literature of observed adaptive variation of natural tree populations and seed transfer limits.ResultsFor strong threshold observations, about 97% of the analogs had climate distances equivalent to ≤300 m elevation, whereas for the weak threshold observations, 53% had an elevation equivalence of ≤300 m. On average 120, 267, and 293 m elevation separated two points under strong, moderate, and weak thresholds, respectively. In total, threshold classification errors were low at 13.9%.DiscussionWe use examples of plot data identified from a reference period (1961–1990) and mid-century (2056–2065) analogs across North American biomes to compare and illustrate the outcomes of projected vegetation change and seed transfer. These examples showcase that mid-century analogs may be located in any cardinal direction and vary greatly in spatial distance and abundance from no analog to hundreds depending on the site. The projected vegetative transitions will have substantial impacts on conservation programs and ecosystem services. Our approach highlights the complexity that climate change presents to managing ecosystems, and the need for predictive tools in guiding land management decisions to mitigate future impacts caused by climate change.

Weak weight-semi-greedy Markushevich bases

The main purpose of this paper is to study weight-semi-greedy Markushevich bases, and in particular, find conditions under which such bases are weight-almost greedy. In this context, we prove that, for a large class of weights, the two notions are equivalent. We also show that all weight semi-greedy bases are truncation quasi-greedy and weight-superdemocratic. In all of the above cases, we also bring to the context of weights the weak greedy and Chebyshev greedy algorithms—which are frequently studied in the literature on greedy approximation. In the course of our work, a new property arises naturally and its relation with squeeze symmetric and bidemocratic bases is given. In addition, we study some parameters involving the weak thresholding and Chebyshevian greedy algorithms. Finally, we give examples of conditional bases with some of the weighted greedy-type conditions we study.

Haplotype-tagged SNPs improve genomic prediction accuracy for Fusarium head blight resistance and yield-related traits in wheat

Key messageLinkage disequilibrium (LD)-based haplotyping with subsequent SNP tagging improved the genomic prediction accuracy up to 0.07 and 0.092 for Fusarium head blight resistance and spike width, respectively, across six different models.Genomic prediction is a powerful tool to enhance genetic gain in plant breeding. However, the method is accompanied by various complications leading to low prediction accuracy. One of the major challenges arises from the complex dimensionality of marker data. To overcome this issue, we applied two pre-selection methods for SNP markers viz. LD-based haplotype-tagging and GWAS-based trait-linked marker identification. Six different models were tested with preselected SNPs to predict the genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) of four traits measured in 419 winter wheat genotypes. Ten different sets of haplotype-tagged SNPs were selected by adjusting the level of LD thresholds. In addition, various sets of trait-linked SNPs were identified with different scenarios from the training-test combined and only from the training populations. The BRR and RR-BLUP models developed from haplotype-tagged SNPs had a higher prediction accuracy for FHB and SPW by 0.07 and 0.092, respectively, compared to the corresponding models developed without marker pre-selection. The highest prediction accuracy for SPW and FHB was achieved with tagged SNPs pruned at weak LD thresholds (r2 < 0.5), while stringent LD was required for spike length (SPL) and flag leaf area (FLA). Trait-linked SNPs identified only from training populations failed to improve the prediction accuracy of the four studied traits. Pre-selection of SNPs via LD-based haplotype-tagging could play a vital role in optimizing genomic selection and reducing genotyping costs. Furthermore, the method could pave the way for developing low-cost genotyping methods through customized genotyping platforms targeting key SNP markers tagged to essential haplotype blocks.

Weak Greedy Algorithms and the Equivalence Between Semi-greedy and Almost Greedy Markushevich Bases

We introduce and study the notion of weak semi-greedy systems—which is inspired in the concepts of semi-greedy and branch semi-greedy systems and weak thresholding sets-, and prove that in infinite dimensional Banach spaces, the notions of semi-greedy, branch semi-greedy, weak semi-greedy, and almost greedy Markushevich bases are all equivalent. This completes and extends some results from (Berná in J Math Anal Appl 470:218–225, 2019; Dilworth et al. in Studia Math 159:67–101, 2003; J Funct Anal 263:3900–3921, 2012). We also exhibit an example of a semi-greedy system that is neither almost greedy nor a Markushevich basis, showing that the Markushevich condition cannot be dropped from the equivalence result. In some cases, we obtain improved upper bounds for the corresponding constants of the systems.

Machine learning-enabled MIMO-FBMC communication channel parameter estimation in IIoT: A distributed CS approach

Compressed Sensing (CS) is a Machine Learning (ML) method, which can be regarded as a single-layer unsupervised learning method. It mainly emphasizes the sparsity of the model. In this paper, we study an ML-based CS Channel Estimation (CE) method for wireless communications, which plays an important role in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications. For the sparse correlation between channels in Multiple Input Multiple Output Filter Bank MultiCarrier with Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (MIMO-FBMC/OQAM) systems, a Distributed Compressed Sensing (DCS)-based CE approach is studied. A distributed sparse adaptive weak selection threshold method is proposed for CE. Firstly, the correlation between MIMO channels is utilized to represent a joint sparse model, and CE is transformed into a joint sparse signal reconstruction problem. Then, the number of correlation atoms for inner product operation is optimized by weak selection threshold, and sparse signal reconstruction is realized by sparse adaptation. The experiment results show that the proposed DCS-based method not only estimates the multipath channel components accurately but also achieves higher CE performance than classical Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) method and other traditional DCS methods in the time-frequency dual selective channels.

Variations of property (A) constants and Lebesgue-type inequalities for the weak thresholding greedy algorithms

Albiac and Wojtaszczyk introduced property (A) to characterize 1-greedy bases. Later, Dilworth et al. generalized the concept to C-Property (A), where the case C=1 gives property (A). They (among other results) characterized greedy bases by unconditionality and C-property (A). In this paper, we extend the definition of the so-called A-property constant to (A, τ)-property constants and use the extension to obtain new estimates for various Lebesgue parameters. Furthermore, we study the relation among (A, τ)-property constants and other well-known constants when τ varies.

On some characterizations of greedy-type bases

In 1999, S. V. Konyagin and V. N. Temlyakov introduced the so-called Thresholding Greedy Algorithm. Since then, there have been many interesting and useful characterizations of greedy-type bases in Banach spaces. In this article, we study and extend several characterizations of greedy and almost greedy bases in the literature. Along the way, we give various examples to complement our main results. Furthermore, we propose a new version of the so-called Weak Thresholding Greedy Algorithm (WTGA) and show that the convergence of this new algorithm is equivalent to the convergence of the WTGA.

Application of Functional Tests in the Prevention from Musculoskeletal Injuries in Young Classical Style Wrestlers

Backgorund: Wrestling is a contact sport with a high risk of injury occurrence caused by typical motor system dysfunctions. In wrestling training a high value is put on the development of power and muscle strength, however, a program aimed at improving motor control is not introduced. Methods: The study involved 25 men wrestlers from School of Sporting Excellence in Radom Poland. To identify musculoskeletal system weak links low threshold Performance Matrix Tests were used. An analysis of weak links occurrence in biokinematics chain was done using ANalysis Of Variance (ANOVA), location and direction of weak links occurrence was identified. Results: The low threshold tests provide the information that tested athletes (n = 25) have weak links in musculoskeletal system. Players training experience has significant influence on their occurrence Pr (&gt;F) 0.01809. The values p3 = Pr (&gt;F) 0.03215 and p5 = Pr (&gt;F) 0.04042 reflect significant correlation with occurrence of weak links number in various places in wrestlers musculoskeletal system. The results Pr (&gt;F) for training frequency, wrestlers age and sports level indicate no significant effect of these characteristics on weak links location in musculoskeletal system. Conclusions: Obtained results lead to the following conclusions: (1) training loads in wrestling cause weak links occurrence in musculoskeletal system among juniors; (2) wrestlers training in junior category significantly affects weak links occurrence in chain of musculoskeletal system in different locations; (3) wrestlers training frequency does not have a significant impact on weak links location estimated by low threshold tests.

On the tightness of bounds for transients of weak CSR expansions and periodicity transients of critical rows and columns of tropical matrix powers

We study the transients of matrices in max-plus algebra. Our approach is based on the weak CSR expansion. Using this expansion, the transient can be expressed by max{T 1, T 2}, where T 1 is the weak CSR threshold and T 2 is the time after which the purely pseudoperiodic CSR terms start to dominate in the expansion. Various bounds have been derived for T 1 and T 2, naturally leading to the question which matrices, if any, attain these bounds. In the present paper, we characterize the matrices attaining two particular bounds on T 1, which are generalizations of the bounds of Wielandt and Dulmage–Mendelsohn on the indices of non-weighted digraphs. This also leads to a characterization of tightness for the same bounds on the transients of critical rows and columns. The characterizations themselves are generalizations of those for the non-weighted case.

Stagewise Weak Orthogonal Matching Pursuit Algorithm Based on Adaptive Weak Threshold and Arithmetic Mean

Stagewise Weak Orthogonal Matching Pursuit Algorithm Based on Adaptive Weak Threshold and Arithmetic Mean

High Key Rate Quantum Conference Key Agreement With Unconditional Security

Quantum cryptography is a major ingredient of the future quantum internet that promises various secure communication tasks. Quantum conference key agreement (CKA) is an important cryptographic primitive of quantum cryptography, which provides the conference key among multiple users simultaneously. However, quantum CKA is currently far from practical application due to the low conference key rate. Here, we propose a quantum CKA protocol of three users with information-theoretic security. Our protocol only requires phase-randomized weak coherent sources and threshold single-photon detectors, and is anticipated to be experimentally demonstrated over 600 km under current technology. Our scheme can be widely implemented in the approaching large-scale quantum network.

Acute and chronic cough-What is new?

Häufigste Ursache des akuten (bis zu 3 Wochen Dauer) oder subakuten (3–8 Wochen) Hustens ist ein viraler Infekt, der bei ansonsten gesunden Personen meist spontan abklingt. Einige pflanzliche Kombinationspräparate, Ambroxol und das Antitussivum Dextromethorphan erleichtern den Husten und verkürzen dessen Dauer. Antibiotika haben keinen Einfluss auf die Symptome und sollten wegen der Resistenzentwicklung nicht gegeben werden. Kann die Ursache eines ≥8 Wochen anhaltenden Symptoms Husten nach entsprechender Diagnostik keiner etablierten Krankheit zugeordnet werden, handelt es sich um eine eigenständige Erkrankung, den chronischen idiopathischen (unerklärten) Husten (CIH). Bei den Betroffenen ist die Sensitivität des Hustenreflexes erhöht, der schon durch schwache, unterschwellige Einflüsse wie langes Sprechen, Temperaturänderung, Gerüche usw. ausgelöst wird. Bei Nichtansprechen auf die leitliniengerechte Therapie wird vom chronisch refraktären Husten gesprochen.

Amorphous oxide thin-film transistors and inverters enabled by solution-processed multi-layers as active channels

This paper reports an indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin film transistor (TFT) with a multi-stacked structure that showed improved performance compared to the TFT with a single active-layer structure. Devices with a multi-stacked active-layer structure were fabricated using an IZO solution process. The determination results showed that the electrical operation and environmental stability of multi-stacked IZO TFTs were improved significantly compared to those of single active-layer IZO TFTs. The roughness of the device surface was measured by atomic force microscopy. The root mean square calculation showed that the multi-stacked active-layer IZO TFT had a smoother surface. The multi-stack structured IZO TFT showed an exceptional electron mobility of 7.75 ± 0.2 cm2/V s, an on–off current ratio of 4.67 × 105 ± 0.55 × 105, and a subthreshold swing of 1.11 V/decade. In addition, a weak threshold voltage (0.35 ± 0.42 V) that is more conducive to device driving was obtained. These results highlight the great potential of multi-stack structured IZO TFTs for applications in active-matrix backplane displays.

Community detection on Euclidean random graphs

AbstractWe study the problem of community detection on Euclidean random geometric graphs where each vertex has two latent variables: a binary community label and a $\mathbb{R}^d$ valued location label which forms the support of a Poisson point process of intensity $\lambda $. A random graph is then drawn with edge probabilities dependent on both the community and location labels. In contrast to the stochastic block model (SBM) that has no location labels, the resulting random graph contains many more short loops due to the geometric embedding. We consider the recovery of the community labels, partial and exact, using the random graph and the location labels. We establish phase transitions for both sparse and logarithmic degree regimes and provide bounds on the location of the thresholds, conjectured to be tight in the case of exact recovery. We also show that the threshold of the distinguishability problem, i.e., the testing between our model and the null model without community labels exhibits no phase transition and in particular, does not match the weak recovery threshold (in contrast to the SBM).

The weak circular repetition threshold over large alphabets

The repetition threshold for words on n letters, denoted RT(n), is the infimum of the set of all r such that there are arbitrarily long r-free words over n letters. A repetition threshold for circular words on n letters can be defined in three natural ways, which gives rise to the weak, intermediate, and strong circular repetition thresholds for n letters, denoted CRTW(n), CRTI(n), and CRTS(n), respectively. Currie and the present authors conjectured that CRTI(n) = CRTW(n) = RT(n) for all n ≥ 4. We prove that CRTW(n) = RT(n) for all n ≥ 45, which confirms a weak version of this conjecture for all but finitely many values of n.

From ℋ∞ to 𝒩. Pointwise properties and algebraic structure in the Nevanlinna class

Abstract This survey shows how, for the Nevanlinna class 𝒩 of the unit disc, one can define and often characterize the analogues of well-known objects and properties related to the algebra of bounded analytic functions ℋ∞: interpolating sequences, Corona theorem, sets of determination, stable rank, as well as the more recent notions of Weak Embedding Property and threshold of invertibility for quotient algebras. The general rule we observe is that a given result for ℋ∞ can be transposed to 𝒩 by replacing uniform bounds by a suitable control by positive harmonic functions. We show several instances where this rule applies, as well as some exceptions. We also briefly discuss the situation for the related Smirnov class.

Eeg Signal Enhancement using DWT

The Encephalogram Signal (Eeg), Which Provides Essential Information On Various Brain Behaviors Is An Anatomical Non-Stationary Signal. Encephalogram Analyzes Are Useful For The Treatment Of Neurological Diseases Such As Encephalopathy, Cancers, And Many Other Injury Issues. Eeg Impulses Are Observed And Analyzed Using Electrodes With A Typically Very Minute Frequency On The Scalp, Rendering The Processing And Collecting The Data From That Signal Very Challenging. Due To The Introduction Of Objects Like Powerline Interference, Different Muscle Movements, Blinkers, Eye Movement, Heartbeat, And Breathing, The Eeg Signal Is Difficult To Analyze. Correctional Infection Treatment Requires A Thorough Examination Of Encephalograms. Denoising Issues Are Somehow Diverse Because They Are Focused On Signal Types And Sounds And Because Of Their Shrunk Features The Distinct Wavelet Gives An Effective Solution For Denouncing Non-Stationary Signals Such As Eeg. This Paper Describes The Distorted Eeg Signal With Three Completely Different Wt Strategies Such As Dwt, And Two Specific Thresholding Methods, Such As Hard Thresholds And Weak Thresholds. Compared With Roots Mean Square Error (Rmse) And Signal To Noise Ratio (Snr), The Output Of These Approaches Is Comparable.

Lebesgue inequalities for Chebyshev thresholding greedy algorithms

We establish estimates for the Lebesgue parameters of the Chebyshev weak thresholding greedy algorithm in the case of general bases in Banach spaces. These generalize and slightly improve earlier results in Dilworth et al. (Rev Mat Complut 28(2):393–409, 2015), and are complemented with examples showing the optimality of the bounds. Our results also clarify certain bounds recently announced in Shao and Ye (J Inequal Appl 2018(1):102, 2018), and answer some questions left open in that paper.