Wave Research Articles

The subject of the present work is the study of the phenomena of the interaction between wave motion and coastal defense structures for a new type of reinforcement unit in concrete armor blocks (C.A.U.)—named “MAYA”. The performance of single-layer MAYA armor, reproduced in a 1:20 Froude-scaled physical model, has been investigated in terms of hydraulic behavior and wave run-up, reflection, and overtopping. The results have been compared to classic literature formulations, numerical results of the same type of structure reproduced at full scale, and other artificial blocks. A new approach for the prediction of the reflection coefficient based on dimensional analysis was proposed in a previous study, and a newly derived empirical equation was also tested for numerical result validation. The structures were numerically modeled and reproduced using an innovative approach by overlapping individual three-dimensional elements of a new type of block “Maya”, Accropode and Tetrapod and a fine computational grid was fitted to provide enough computational nodes within the flow paths. The hydraulic behavior of the novel block was numerically evaluated, and its potential was assessed in comparison to other existing blocks. This was achieved by reproducing and analyzing the structures using a RANS approach. The numerical approach, which was validated by experimental results, enables the analysis of various design solutions in a shorter amount of time while ensuring the accuracy of the results. Additionally, the preliminary analysis showed the potential of the novel block, which allows for a reduction in construction and manufacturing costs while also demonstrating superior hydrodynamic performance in some cases.

BCF locomotion is typically described as a wave motion with an increasing amplitude. According to travelling waves of BCF locomotion, a combinatory design of 4 bar linkage is proposed. In this study, 6 conditions are established through the following three aspects: links oscillation (condition 1 and 2), points motion (condition 3 and 4), and body undulation (condition 5 and 6). By calculating equations contained within six conditions, a design of the 1-DOF planar linkage for undulatory deformation is available. For example, 20 bar linkage of 10-joint robotic fish (anguilliform), 16 bar linkage of 8-joint robotic fish (sub-carangiform), 14 bar linkage of 7-joint robotic fish (carangiform), and 10 bar linkage of 5-joint robotic fish (thunniform) are designed with existing biological data. The proposed design is verified by a virtual prototype of the thunniform mechanism. The results demonstrate that the prototype generates travelling waves with high precision.

To address the challenges of poor adaptability to spatial heterogeneity, easy breakage of amplitude–phase coupling relationships, and insufficient physical consistency in complex optical wavefield reconstruction, this paper proposes the DdONN-PINNs hybrid framework. Focused on preserving the intrinsic symmetries of wave physics, the framework achieves deep integration of optical neural networks and physics-informed information. Centered on an architecture of “SIREN shared encoding–domain-specific output”, it utilizes the periodic activation property of SIREN encoders to maintain the spatial symmetry of wavefield distribution, incorporates learnable Fourier diffraction layers to model physical propagation processes, and adopts native complex-domain modeling to avoid splitting the real and imaginary parts of complex amplitudes—effectively adapting to spatial heterogeneity while fully preserving amplitude-phase coupling in wavefields. Validated on rogue wavefields governed by the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation (NLSE), experimental results demonstrate that DdONN-PINNs achieve an amplitude Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 2.94×10−3 and a phase MSE of 5.86×10−4, outperforming non-domain-decomposed models and ReLU-activated variants significantly. Robustness analysis shows stable reconstruction performance even at a noise level of σ=0.1. This framework provides a balanced solution for wavefield reconstruction that integrates precision, physical interpretability, and robustness, with potential applications in fiber-optic communication and ocean optics.

Wave motion due to the rolling of flexible porous structures

This study investigated the hydrodynamic performance of a system consisting of a rigid, bottom-mounted, surface-piercing cylinder coaxially surrounded by a partially immersed coaxial compound cylindrical breakwater to optimize its configuration to improve the response to capillary–gravity waves. The compound breakwater consists of two impermeable, thick-walled cylinders of the same radius placed vertically in the water column and connected by an intermediate porous hollow cylinder of the same radius. The analysis is done using linear wave theory. Velocity potentials in each fluid region are derived using the eigenfunction expansion method, and unknown coefficients are obtained by applying appropriate matching conditions at the interfaces. Hydrodynamic quantities such as wave forces, free surface elevations, added mass, and damping coefficients for surge and pitch motions are evaluated. It is observed that the draft of the porous hollow cylinder and thick cylinder of the compound breakwater, along with the porous parameter, has a significant influence on all evaluated hydrodynamic parameters.

Approximated methods for the analysis of the unsteady shock wave motion in inlet unstart processes

End-to-end design of multi-functional acoustic holograms via heterogeneous physics constraints.

Research on hydrodynamic characteristics of a floating horizontal axis tidal turbine considering wave and platform motion

The surf zone is one of the most dynamic coastal regions, primarily driven by the interplay of cross-shore velocity (u), alongshore velocity (v), gravity (G), and infragravity (IG) wave oscillations, which significantly impact the movement of water and sediment within the surf zone. This study presents field observations of wave and current dynamics on a microtidal dissipative-intermediate beach on the Colombian Caribbean coast during dry and wet seasons. Through the application of continuous wavelet transforms to pressure sensor data and current meter data recorded in field campaigns, the contributions of G and IG waves to the evolution of free surface elevation (η) and current velocities (u and v) were analyzed; observed along the intermediate-dissipative Bocagrande Beach, Colombia coast, which was impacted by flooding and erosion during two climatic wet and dry periods. Results indicated that, during the dry period, cross-shore and alongshore standing leaky waves were recorded in the parts of the beach both nearest and farthest from the shore. In the area nearest to the shore, cross-shore and alongshore standing edge waves were observed, as the beach lies between two groins. On the other hand, cross-shore and alongshore progressive leaky waves prevailed near shore during the wet period. Spectral analysis indicated that G-wave energy decreases shoreward, while IG energy increases, dominating alongshore currents. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating alongshore variability into studies of coastal dynamics, thereby facilitating a deeper understanding of the roles played by gravity and infragravity waves in sediment transport processes.

This research aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of inquiry-based e-modules in teaching the physics of sound waves at SMA Negeri 26 Bandung. The research employs a quantitative R&D approach following the 4D model by Thiagarajan: define, design, develop, and disseminate. Data were collected through concept comprehension tests, questionnaires, and direct observations. Findings show a significant improvement in students' understanding of physics concepts post-implementation of the e-module, with average scores rising from 45.32 to 78.56. Student feedback was positive, with 85% stating the e-module aided their comprehension and 90% finding the learning process more engaging. The study concludes that inquiry-based e-modules are effective in enhancing the quality of physics education and student engagement.

This paper aims to analyse the way in which the ocean is depicted in several contemporary Norwegian literary works. The analysed volumes are Mandø (2009), by Kjersti Vik, the so-called Barrøy Chronicles, by Roy Jacobsen (2013-2020), Shark Drunk (2015), by Morten Strøksnes, and The End of the Ocean (2017), by Maja Lunde. This research is situated at the intersection between ecocriticism and new materialist theories. In this sense, it draws extensively on approaches such as Serenella Iovino and Serpil Oppermann’s material ecocriticism, as well as on more recent scholarship that integrates literary theory with new materialist thought. Building on Juha Raipola’s critique of material ecocriticism, this article argues that if the behavior of the more-than-human world remains inaccessible to humans, it can only be approached through speculation. Speculation becomes particularly relevant when it comes to literature, as, according to Kerstin Howaldt and Kai Merten, it celebrates human finiteness. The human characters in the selected volumes seek connection with the more-than-human world by projecting human stories onto placeswhere they are clearly absent: some read whales as planets, other interpret the movement of waves as a sea chantey. Most of the times, these characters are fully aware of the insurmountable rift between them and the nonhuman environment they inhabit, and this is what engenders the speculation in the first place.

Floating breakwater layouts require flexible adjustment to accommodate sheltered area bathymetry. However, most studies have focused solely on straight layouts and have neglected the influence of complex nearshore bathymetry and structures. This work investigates streamlined-layout double-row floating breakwaters with wing plates designed for a specific port. Wave attenuation performance, motion responses, mooring tensions, and surface wave pressures under realistic nearshore conditions are systematically evaluated through a water tank experiment. The results demonstrate that the wave attenuation performance improves as incident wave height and period decrease, with the attenuation rate increasing by 6.32~11.05%. However, both the motion responses and the uplift pressures on the head and tail modules change slightly. The maximum prototype-scale changes in the maximum amplitudes of surge, heave, and pitch are +0.0625 m, −0.488 m, and +3.8523°, respectively, and the uplift pressures on the head and tail modules exhibit maximum changes of +2.3 kPa and −5.6 kPa, respectively. Additionally, wave reflection induced by nearshore structures influences both harbor tranquility and breakwater motion response.

Investigation on coupling characteristics of variable mass tank sloshing and ship motion in waves

ml4gw: PyTorch utilities for training neural networks in gravitational wave physics applications

In our current paper, we will construct new types of traveling wave solutions to the modified ([Formula: see text])-dimensional Sakovich Equation, which is one of the integrable nonlinear equations. The suggested model will contribute to modeling certain crucial phenomena across various scientific disciplines, such as atmospheric sciences, oceanography and related fields. Specifically, it is used to characterize the motion of nonlinear waves. We utilize two distinct analytical techniques to construct the traveling wave solutions and one numerical technique to perceive its corresponding numerical solutions. The considered semi-analytical methods are the Paul–Painleve approach method and the extended direct algebraic method which are employed and used for the first time to construct new visions of the soliton solutions to this model. Furthermore, the Haar Wavelet Method, whose initial conditions have been derived from the achieved soliton solutions, has been utilized to extract the numerical solutions of the achieved soliton solutions. The consistency between the achieved soliton solutions and each other’s as well as with the corresponding numerical solutions has been shown. The novelty of the explored solutions is clear when it’s compared with that explored before by other authors [Ma et al., Qual. Theory Dyn. Syst. 21, 158 (2022); Ali et al., J. Math. 2023, 4864334 (2023); Cortez et al., Results Phys. 55, 107131 (2023)] who solved this model by other techniques.

An important goal in cardiology and other fields is to identify and control dynamic spiral wave patterns in reaction–diffusion partial differential equations. This research focuses on the Barkley model. The spiral wave motion is controlled and suppressed within the Euclidean group rather than through Euclidean symmetry by applying a controller equation. The eigenfunctions associated with the left eigenspace of the adjoint linear equation can be used to characterize the drift or movement of the spiral wave tip trajectory when the system is perturbed. These eigenfunctions provide details regarding how the spiral wave reacts to disruptions. Perturbations to the Barkley system are examined by applying control functions and calculating the principle eigenvalue numerically. The left eigenfunctions of the Barkley equation are determined by solving the left problem associated with the 2D Barkley equation and a 1D dynamical controller. In addition, the control function can be used to suppress the periodic and meandering regimes of the system. In this work, the focus is on the periodic regime.

Background: Improving heat transfer in biomedical fluid dynamics is essential for increasing the effectiveness of medical devices, targeted drug delivery systems, and thermal treatment techniques. This research overcomes the drawbacks of traditional nanofluids in complex physiological settings by proposing a new hybrid nanofluid aimed at enhancing thermal efficiency in peristaltic blood flow. The influence of Hall current, magnetic field, and heat source parameters on the peristaltic transport of hybrid nanofluids through a porous medium holds significant importance due to its wide-ranging applications in fluid transport, industrial operations, and biomedical engineering. Objective: The core objective is to examine the heat transfer characteristics of blood considered as a Newtonian fluid infused with a hybrid mixture of Tricalcium Phosphate Ca3 (P04)2 and Cerium Oxide CeO2 nanoparticles, as it moves through a uniform wavy channel influenced by peristaltic motion. Further, this study is also aimed to enhance the understanding of thermal transport in hybrid nanofluids under peristaltic wave motion by incorporating the effects of body forces and thermal radiation. Methodology: The governing equations are formulated based on the fundamental conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy, and are simplified using the Debye–Hückel linearisation along with the lubrication approximation. To examine the convective heat transfer behaviour of hybrid nanofluids, the Tiwari–Das model is employed. The problem is solved analytically, yielding an exact solution with the aid of MATHEMATICA 14.1. Results: From the results it is perceived that thermal radiation parameter reduces the temperature of nano and hybrid nano fluids. Further, Darcy number significantly enlarges both the size and strength of the trapped bolus. Applications: The mathematical formulation of the problem will help to understand the basic flow structure through peristaltic waves under the contribution of nanoparticles. Further, the combined influence of peristaltic motion and electroosmotic pumping is found to considerably enhance the operational efficiency of smart pumps, with promising implications in nanotechnology and biomedical engineering.

The stability of rubble mound breakwaters is highly affected by extreme wave loading. While extensive research has been devoted to wave-induced scour and liquefaction around breakwaters, comprehensive stability evaluations of the rubble mound breakwater core remain limited. This study develops a numerical framework to investigate the stability of rubble mound breakwaters subjected to solitary wave loading. Wave motion is modeled using the Navier–Stokes equations, wave-induced pore pressure is computed based on Darcy’s law, and soil behavior is represented through the Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model. The numerical model is validated against experimental data. To assess structural stability, the strength reduction method is employed to calculate the Factor of Safety (FOS) during wave propagation, with the minimum FOS serving as the stability criterion. Furthermore, the influence of key parameters, including wave height, soil shear strength, wave–current interaction, berm dimensions, and slope gradient, on breakwater stability is systematically analyzed.

Purpose of the study: The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a learning media called MITEDA (Mitigation of Earthquake Damage), which is based on the STEM approach and computational thinking, to support the teaching of wave physics. The study focuses on both the development process of the media and its impact on improving students’ computational thinking skills through contextual problem-solving using earthquake simulation and sensor-based data. Methodology: The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. Tools used include Arduino Uno, SW-420 vibration sensor, LCD 16x2, and a buzzer. Software includes Arduino IDE and Proteus. Data collection used expert validation sheets, student questionnaires, observations, and computational thinking tests. Main Findings: The MITEDA learning media, comprising a digital seismograph kit and instructional module, was rated “highly feasible” by experts (Aiken’s V ≥ 0.80) and received positive student feedback for usability and engagement. Statistical analysis showed a significant improvement in computational thinking skills for the experimental group (N-Gain = 0.84) compared to the control group (N-Gain = 0.56), t(69) = 8.875, p < 0.001, d = 2.716, with the highest gains in abstraction and consistent high-level algorithmic performance. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study presents an innovative learning media, MITEDA, integrating STEM and computational thinking through earthquake simulation using Arduino-based sensors. It advances wave physics learning by providing real-time vibration data and contextual problem-solving, enhancing students’ analytical skills.

Abstract This paper presents a method where a monocular camera is used to estimate the relative movement between a stationary crane and a moving target vessel in a load transfer scenario. The proposed method is based on identifying points and lines on the deck of the target vessel with a camera mounted on the crane tip, and leverages point and line correspondences to estimate the relative position and rotation between crane and ship deck for use in the crane control task of landing a load on the moving ship deck. The estimation is done with a recently developed approach where a Perspective-n-Points-and-Lines (PnPL) technique is used for accurate pose determination, and where outlier rejection is achieved with dynamical pose estimation and Graduated Non-Convexity (GNC). This method for outlier rejection gives better results than the usual solution based on RANSAC, especially for high outlier rates. We validate our approach through extensive simulation and model tests where a model ship is moving with a realistic wave motion. The tests demonstrate high accuracy, robustness to outliers, and computational efficiency. The results show that the method can handle challenging scenarios, such as high noise levels and up to 90% outliers, making it suitable for real-time marine applications.