Wave Of Technological Change Research Articles

Analysis of the Development of Green Logistics Based on Blockchain

There has been a wave of technological change and industrial transformation at home and abroad, and blockchain technology has played a non-negligible role in the change. "Blockchain + logistics" has become a hot topic in society. Blockchain technology is a typical decentralized technology, which can effectively make up for the weak links in the logistics industry, so as to provide strong technical support for the development of green logistics. Therefore, this article analyzes the development of blockchain in green logistics, and discusses them one by one from the aspects of transportation, distribution, recycling logistics, and supply chain.

The labor market in the digital era: What matters for the Gulf Cooperation Council countries?

Digital transformation affects all organizations, large and small. Waves of technological change are frequent and accelerating, requiring constant adaptation by companies and their employees. Artificial intelligence, automation, and digital tools are changing the traditional organizational structure and ways of working. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the labor market has to move toward an inclusive digital transformation that braces the business systems. This paper is an attempt to explore the effect of digitalization on employment in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and compare them to some selected advanced countries. The methodology focuses on the second-generation unit root tests and the Auto Regressive Distributed Lagged model for the period 2000-2020. The findings show a negative and significant impact of ICT on employment in the industrial and services sectors for GCC countries with a moderate adjustment speed toward the long-run equilibrium. This result is explained by the shortage of skilled workers in GCC countries compared to advanced countries, where the findings show a positive and significant effect of ICT technologies on total employment, especially in the industrial sector. The adjustment speed toward the long run is significantly higher in advanced countries than in GCC countries.

Will the AI revolution cause a great divergence?

Implications of a new wave of technological change that substitutes pervasively for labor are examined with particular focus on developing countries. While the model considered is minimalist by design, the resulting conclusions are powerful: improvements in the productivity of “robots” drive divergence, as advanced countries differentially benefit from their initially higher robot intensity, driven by their endogenously higher wages and stock of complementary traditional capital. Capital—if internationally mobile—is pulled “uphill”, resulting in a transitional GDP decline in the developing country. When robots substitute only for unskilled labor, the terms of trade, and hence GDP, may decline permanently.

Will the AI Revolution Cause a Great Divergence?

This paper considers the implications for developing countries of a new wave of technological change that substitutes pervasively for labor. It makes simple and plausible assumptions: the AI revolution can be modeled as an increase in productivity of a distinct type of capital that substitutes closely with labor; and the only fundamental difference between the advanced and developing country is the level of TFP. This set-up is minimalist, but the resulting conclusions are powerful: improvements in the productivity of “robots” drive divergence, as advanced countries differentially benefit from their initially higher robot intensity, driven by their endogenously higher wages and stock of complementary traditional capital. In addition, capital—if internationally mobile—is pulled “uphill”, resulting in a transitional GDP decline in the developing country. In an extended model where robots substitute only for unskilled labor, the terms of trade, and hence GDP, may decline permanently for the country relatively well-endowed in unskilled labor.

Determinants of socio-economic transformations of technological systems: theoretical and methodical aspects

Technological development of society is of unequal cyclic nature and is characterized by changing periods of economic growth, stagnation phases, and technological crises. The new wave of technological changes and new technological basis corresponding to the technological paradigm boost the role of innovations and displace the traditional factors of economic growth. Currently, intellectual and scientific-technical capacity are the main economic development resources. The use of innovation and new knowledge change the technological structure of the economy, increase the elements of the innovative economy, knowledge economy, and digital economy, i.e. the new technological paradigm is formed. The paper aims to research the basic determinants of technological paradigms’ forming and development, and determining their key features, as well as to analyze social transformations of the EU Member States and Ukraine. The paper focuses attention on the research of the features of social transformations. The structural transformations are analyzed based on the Bertelsmann Transformation Index that estimates the quality of democracy, market economy, and political governance. The transformation processes are assessed on the example of the EU Member States and Ukraine. The authors argue that social transformations and structural changes in the economy are related to the change of technological paradigms that boost the economic modernization and gradual progressive development of humanity in general. The nature and main determinants of 5 industrial and 2 post-industrial technological paradigms are outlined. Their general features and main areas of basic technologies implementation emerging in the realization of a certain technological paradigm are explained. The conclusions regarding the fact that innovative technologies and available scientific-technological resources define the main vector of economic development are made. The new emerging technological paradigm is of strategic importance for society development.

Will the AI Revolution Cause a Great Divergence?

This paper considers the implications for developing countries of a new wave of technological change that substitutes pervasively for labor. It makes simple and plausible assumptions: the AI revolution can be modeled as an increase in productivity of a distinct type of capital that substitutes closely with labor; and the only fundamental difference between the advanced and developing country is the level of TFP. This set-up is minimalist, but the resulting conclusions are powerful: improvements in the productivity of “robots” drive divergence, as advanced countries differentially benefit from their initially higher robot intensity, driven by their endogenously higher wages and stock of complementary traditional capital. In addition, capital—if internationally mobile—is pulled “uphill”, resulting in a transitional GDP decline in the developing country. In an extended model where robots substitute only for unskilled labor, the terms of trade, and hence GDP, may decline permanently for the country relatively well-endowed in unskilled labor.

Blockchain in Media—A True Calling?

In recent years, blockchain has topped the chart of disruptive technologies. The promises of a decentralized, self-organized, trusted party that removes the need for a central organization to validate transactions has inflated the hopes of several companies and industries on the real potential of blockchain and its applications. Companies rushed to board the blockchain train (with the financial industry in the lead), trying hard to fit the technology to any use case at hand in a desperate attempt not to miss a new wave of technological changes.

Harnessing the opportunities of inclusive technologies in a global economy

Abstract In this paper the authors propose that G20 countries endorse and facilitate the creation of a T20 digital platform for “Accelerating the Jobs of the Future”. In a world driven by a new wave of technological change, the platform would revalue the role of think tanks, research institutions and knowledge hubs to move the global agenda in an issue of central importance for the future of society: the creation of the jobs of the future. Building on and complementing existing experiences, the T20 platform would be a digital hub for producing knowledge, informing policies and connecting potential partners to accelerate the jobs of the future, within the context of an increasing integrated global economy. It would also contribute to the development of consensual views among the research community, allowing to discard extreme visions about the jobs of the future, dispelling both overly optimistic visions with no evidence base and unwarranted fears.

Liberalism is Enduring and Urgent

Liberalism is a philosophy of political economy that offers enduring principles about how we should seek to interact in groups and in human society more generally. Far from being outdated or archaic, those principles offer more convincing and powerful responses to our current challenges than any competing philosophy. While populism claims to offer straight-forward solutions to some of the difficulties of globalisation, it offers only half-hearted remedies for weaknesses in the operation of representative democracies, and populism has little capacity to reckon with the wave of technological changes set to revolutionise the global economy. Liberalism, by contrast, is uniquely suited to clarify and tackle these challenges. It offers coherent responses to globalisation, dissatisfaction with representative institutions, and technological change. This is not to say that all is well in the house of liberalism. There is an opportunity, if not to reconstruct, then to refresh and retarget liberal thinking on these issues.

Theoretical Basis for Composition of Economic Strategy for Industry Development

1. Introduction Machine-manufacturing industry, just like other sectors of the Russian economy, is in a situation of permanent influence of long-term systemic challenges that determine not only the global trends, but also internal destabilizing factors. Both financial and political crises have had a negative impact on the economy as a whole, but the industry is a kind of framework of the national economy, which is based on the defense and aerospace industry, and a number of other strategically important industries and areas of production. Also high level of development of machine-manufacturing and engineering industry helps to solve the problems of economic and social character, due to spillover effect. The role of the engineering industry for the country is further enhanced by the solution of such complex tasks, as import substitution, the reform of the military-industrial complex and modernization of manufacturing industries. Thus, the aim of our research is to develop adequate current realities of the economic development strategy of the machine-manufacturing industry, taking into account all the problems as well as offering a balanced solution to them. 2. Base part of research The above challenges necessitate the development of the economic development strategy for the industry, including its long-term investment plan. Challenges can be roughly grouped into the following categories: 1. Strengthening of competition on the global machine-manufacturing market. Prior to the 1990s, the leaders of machine-building were countries such as the USA, the USSR, Germany and Japan (Budik and Schlossberger, 2015). However by the 2000s the picture has changed dramatically, the place of undisputed leader in the production of machine tools was transferred to China, followed by Japan, Germany, Italy, South Korea and Taiwan. Japan, Germany and Italy dominate the production of the most complex and sophisticated machinery. According to Eurostat, the United States went down to 7th place in the world, and Russia is now 21st (Kondratiev). Nowadays, the mechanical engineering and metal processing account for about 20% of the total volume of industrial production in Russia, and the annual turnover of the industry is more than 55 billion US dollars. For comparison, in the US, Japan and Germany the share of engineering products as the total industrial production is around 36-45% (Zavalko). According to forecasts composed by IMF World Economic Outlook for 2025 the top producers will the countries that are now developing, with China, EU, USA and Japan still retaining the leading positions. The total volume of machine-building production will increase by 2025 to reach $ 930 billion, corresponding to an annual growth of 3.8% (Kondratiev). 2. New wave of technological changes in the industry, reinforcing the role and importance of innovations (Dasanayaka and Sardana, 2015; Giannarakis, 2016). A new technological foundation is being formed, based, on utilizing IT and nanotechnology. Each year the US invests, on average 2-2.5% of GDP on scientific research in the sphere of manufacturing and engineering, and in the EU countries this proportion is 3% of GDP. In the US, the share of state financing of engineering projects can reach up to 50%. Given this, the process of adapting the achievements in the military and aerospace industry is then carried out. Germany has also carried out a series of reforms to renew the manufacturing sector, financing the operation through effective fiscal policy. Currently, every third manufacturing plant in Germany is considered innovative, with two-thirds of total engineering production being exported (Zavalko). 3. Increase in importance of role of human capital as the main factor of economic development, the deficit of qualified engineering workers, aging and deterioration of the qualitative composition of staff. 7-10 years ago, this given problem was attempted to be solve by trying to attract foreign staff, however foreign top-managers were not able to solve all the internal problems of the industry, due to not being familiar enough with Russian specifics (Sayfieva, Ermilina). …

Auf der Schwelle zur „Vierten Industriellen Revolution“

The paper discusses some of the probable effects of what is sometimes called the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’, based on cyber-physical systems and the internet of things. The attention focuses on their impact on the volume and composition of employment and the distribution of income. Some measures to ward off or mitigate socially harmful consequences of the new waves of technological change are discussed.

Experimental Evaluation of Internet of Things in the Educational Environment

In the trials of utilization of technology for the society, efforts have shown benefits of the ICT use in facilitating education from different perspectives based on different waves of technological change. The recent development in technologies has also resulted in change of user behavior and usage patterns towards different areas of life, and consequently in the area of education. A new wave of change has started and is expecting to proliferate with stronger connectivity and interoperability of various devices, named as the Internet of Things (IoT). The internet of things is expected to give strong impacts on different areas of life including healthcare, transportation, smart homes, smart campus, and more. Consequently, there are inherent benefits to the education environment that are not yet well established in literature. The paper studies the potential benefit and impact of the IoT evolution concept in both the physical and the virtual learning environment and suggests a paradigm with use case scenarios. The results of an experimental evaluation on the aspects of applying IoT technology in education are presented and discussed in order to verify the set of related hypotheses.

Information interaction capabilities: conceptualisation and instrument development

ABSTRACTThe twenty-first century has seen the rise of a new wave of technological change and industrial revolution. The next-generation Information Technology (IT) is radically shifting the core competence of corporation, meaning of value creation, and sources of a competitive advantage. In this situation, it is imperative for firms to build a new core competence. Based on the resource-based theory, this paper describes the competence of firms in the information interaction area, frames the concept and classification systems of information interaction capabilities (IICs), develops the scale of IICs, and tests the relationship between IICs and competitive advantages using empirical data in China. In short, the paper identifies that IICs are an important competence in the environment of the next-generation IT. Conceptualising IICs provides a foundation for bridging information interaction and strategy research. IICs provide a holistic approach to building the new core competence and achieving competitive advantages.

Optimal Execution and Alpha Capture

A third wave of technological change known as “alpha profiling” is taking root at the institutional trading desk. Traders submit orders to prediction models that estimate the relative probability of various price scenarios. Traders can use this information to select an execution strategy or allow the model to propose an optimal execution schedule. A consistent implementation of the optimal schedule for each alpha profile increases alpha capture in the same way that statistical arbitrage generates trading profits. In this article, the authors present a model to estimate how the expected implementation shortfall depends on the alpha profile and implementation schedule. They use this model to compute an optimal execution strategy given the alpha profile of an order. They show examples of optimal execution schedules for typical alpha profiles. The authors also discuss the accuracy of alpha profiling and estimate the potential to reduce the imple men tation shortfall by applying this methodology for a typical port folio manager. <b>TOPICS:</b>Statistical methods, equity portfolio management, risk management

Towards the Sixth Kondratieff Cycle of Nano Revolution

Nanotechnology is currently seen as a paradigm shift towards scientific revolution or ‘nano revolution. This article discusses the nano revolution within the global context. It is interesting to see that the governments around the world have formulated policies to manage the research and development (R&amp;D) efforts and exploit the potential of nanotechnology to increase industry's ability in the global economy. The article analyses the successive waves of technological change based on Kuhn's model of scientific change and Schumpeter's model of Kondratieff cycles. As nanotechnology would have significant impacts on virtually every commercial sector, many countries commit to foster nanotechnology developments. This article will focus on nanotechnology framework policy recommendations. The policies and research activities of the most preeminent nations discussed in this article represent global research trend towards nano revolution in the next decades.

Mothering in the Freelance Film Industry: Case Studies in the Postproduction Film Industry in Melbourne, Australia

This paper examines the dynamic relationship between work and life through the experiences of three mothers seeking to realise careers in the freelance film industry in Melbourne, Australia. The women were part of a larger sample of postproduction workers who were surveyed on their responses to technological change in the postproduction freeelance film industry but were out of the industry having children during the first wave of technological change. The paper examines qualitative data from these women and later longitudinal data in order to understand the limits of equal opportunity in an uneven playing field.

The Economics of Horticultural Biotechnology

Technological change has driven economic progress in agriculture and will continue to play a crucial role in die 21st century. The latest wave of technological change in agriculture is based on die ability to specifically modify crop genetics dirough recombinant DNA techniques. Biotech crop varieties have been adopted on a wide scale in some agronomic crops, but horticultural crops face hurdles for commercialization. Market barriers are blocking die production of biotech horticultural crops diat have already been developed. High costs for research, development and regulatory approval combined with the small acreages planted and the diversity of varieties limit die potential for profitable applications of biotechnology for many fruits and vegetables, tree fruits and nuts, and nursery and landscape crops. Like most technological changes in agriculture, die introduction of modern biotechnology has met with spirited political opposition from some quarters. Such opposition could discourage adoption of biotech products that are wanted by some consumers, can be profitable for growers and could reduce the environmental impacts of crop production.

Workshop on software engineering and mobility

Mobility is redefining the hardware and software fabric of distributed systems. Wireless communication allows network hosts to participate in a distributed computation while on the move. Novel middleware technologies allow software components to migrate across hosts for enhanced flexibility or performance. Workshop participants were invited to analyze the software engineering implications of this wave of technological changes, by discussing fundamental models, emerging themes, research opportunities, technological trends, and market forces.http://www.elet.polimi.it/~picco/ICSE01mobility

Technology, deskilling, and nurses: the impact of the technologically changing environment.

This study examines the impact of three waves of technological change that swept nursing from 1950 to 1990. It suggests that the response to these changes was rooted in a positivistic stance toward skills as knowledge and a reiteration of culturally held views of natural feminine skills. It further argues that such a stance was inadequate to forestall deskilling and that a sociohistorical understanding of the cultural construction of both skill and gender provides a broader understanding of the impact of technological change.

Understanding Late-Twentieth-Century Capitalism: Reassessing the Globalization Theme

There are Many Ambiguities Within The Literature on globalization. Some scholars speak of a world that is chunging others use the framework as part of a new univocal discourse to describe late twentieth-century capitalism. Apart from ‘globalization’, many other cartographic and navigational metaphors have been employed to describe the present world order. There is the loss of the ‘magnetic North’; an ‘emerging global civilization’; and a curious notion of an evolving ‘global civil society’. Master concepts like ‘sustainable development’ and ‘world politics’ have consequently become popular and are creeping into international relations discourse. In extreme cases the literature seems to suggest or imply that history is coming to an end on convenient Western socio-cultural terms only. Indeed it seems that proponents of globalization have come to proclaim universality afresh in similar vein to that of those who indulge in and perpetuate the notion of a post-Columbus 500-year capitalist historicism. I do not share the triumphalism of the liberal globalization discourse. It is certainly important to ask whether the wave of technological change, interdependent policy-making, international socialization of production, and time-space compression have or have not come to transcend or replace the complex web of centre-periphery relations. There remains generally a familiar interstate world system, albeit with the spatial and temporal limits to state, market and human interactions experientially compressed. Questions about who rules, who benefits or suffers, and whether prospects for social survival are better or worse remain as important as ever.