An integrated intelligent model for simulating and optimizing regional water resource sustainability under multiple pressures.

Quantifying the relative impacts of climatic and anthropogenic factors on interacting surface and groundwater resources

Zoonotic risk of transmission of Giardia duodenalis from water resources; Worldwide molecular and network analyses.

Impacts of climate change on water resources and farming community adaptation strategies in southwestern Ethiopia

Rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS) play a vital role in water resource management, particularly in developing countries such as Iran. Amid declining rainfall and increasing drought conditions, these systems offer a sustainable solution for agricultural water supply, reduce financial costs, and lessen reliance on surface and groundwater resources. However, limited adoption of RWHS by farmers remains a significant challenge for policymakers seeking to promote sustainable water practices. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing Iranian farmers’ intention to adopt RWHS, focusing on farmers in Hamidieh County, located in southwestern Iran. To guide the analysis, an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model was employed, incorporating three additional constructs—response efficacy (RE), risk perception (RP), and place attachment (PA)—alongside the original components: attitude toward behavior (ATT), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC). The findings revealed that the proposed framework demonstrated strong explanatory power, accounting for 74.2% of the variance in farmers’ intention to adopt RWHS. These results underscore the model’s effectiveness and offer valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance sustainable water resource strategies and boost agricultural productivity. Overall, the study contributes meaningfully to the discourse on agricultural water management and provides practical guidance for designing targeted interventions to encourage RWHS adoption among farmers. • Sustainable management of agricultural water • Rainwater harvesting for irrigation • Developing a planned behavior model using place attachment theory.

Potentially toxic and radiogenic elements associated serious health risks to human around a gold and uranium mines, Blesbokspruit wetland, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Water scarcity and its cascading economic effects in China's trade network: A transmission analysis.

Photocatalytic degradation of crude oil pollutants in water resources via magnetic nanocomposite

Lake Tana Sub-Basin, Ethiopia The Lake Tana sub-basin plays a vital role in Ethiopia’s hydropower generation and irrigation development. However, the recent operation of an interbasin water transfer has intensified competition for water resources, raising concerns about long-term hydrological sustainability and downstream ecological flows. To evaluate these impacts, this study developed an integrated modeling framework that couples the HBV Light rainfall-runoff model, a lake water balance model, and the Water Accounting Plus (WA+) approach to assess water availability, consumption patterns, and downstream ecological flow conditions for 2010–2020. The HBV Light model was unable to accurately simulate the natural lake outflow, but its coupling with the lake water balance model significantly improved model performance, resulting in NSE of 0.79 and R² of 0.92. The mean annual inflow to the lake was estimated at 6.9 km³ , with 55% contributed by the Gilgel Abbay catchment. The rainfall and evaporation over the lake was estimated at 4.1 km³ yr⁻¹ and 5.1 km³ yr⁻¹ , respectively. Total annual outflow averaged 5.8 km³ , with 3.1 km³ yr⁻¹ diverted through the interbasin water transfer and 2.7 km³ yr⁻¹ outflow at the natural outlet. The interbasin water transfer now exceeds lake's natural outflow and has increased the frequency of unmet environmental flow requirements from 6% (pre-transfer period) to 27% during 2010–2020. In terms of consumption, rainfed agriculture dominates water consumption at 5.7 km³ yr⁻¹ , while irrigation accounts for only 0.4 km³ yr⁻¹ . Green evapotranspiration (ET) constitutes 68% of total water consumption, with blue ET making up the remaining 32%. These results demonstrate the hydrological implications of interbasin water transfer on lake outflow and downstream ecological conditions. The integrated modeling framework offers a scalable approach for hydrological assessment and water allocation in data-scarce basins. • An integrated modelling framework was developed to address complex water management challenges in the Lake Tana sub-basin. • The interbasin water transfer surpasses the lake outflow at the natural outlet. • Downstream environmental flow requirements are significantly impacted by interbasin water transfers. • Water availability and scarcity indicators were derived to inform sustainable water resource planning • The study offers actionable insights for balancing hydropower development with environmental flow needs.

Assessing water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus policy trajectories under uncertainty in the Inkomati-Usuthu water management area, South Africa

Advancements and applications of novel waterless and contactless cleaning technologies for solar panels

Holistic assessment of India's water security using coupled climate-human intervention models.

Soil erosion and sediment export under rainfed agriculture dominated landscapes: Model-based evidence from the Didessa watershed, southwestern Ethiopia

Effects of vegetation structure and spatial arrangement on soil Erosion in loess plateau

Climate change in recent years, particularly in the form of increased temperatures and higher evaporation, has contributed to the stress on freshwater resources in arid and semi-arid regions. On the other hand, population growth and increased water demand have made the supply of high-quality water a global challenge. Furthermore, lower energy consumption, along with a reduced carbon footprint, of urban water supply systems has been vital to all communities. In the present study, five different drinking water supply scenarios in a cold, semi-arid city were proposed and compared with a novel methodological approach. The comparison was conducted based on carbon footprint and energy consumption, contrasting each scenario with the existing system. Technical calculations were done on the basis of field data, expertise of concerned authorities, and set standards, while carbon footprints were simulated using SimaPro software. Results show that network-based scenarios, such as dedicated potable water networks and decentralized drinking water stations, have the smallest carbon footprints, while bottled water has the highest emissions. Implementation of bottled water in the studied city would increase daily carbon emissions to over 3,203.1 tons. It was found that the separation of potable water and sanitary water in the current network may lead to the reduction of daily carbon emissions by 130.5 tons, with a possibility of up to 184.1 tons in localized network setups. Ultimately, it is concluded that the adoption of low-carbon, network-based water supply alternatives would reduce energy consumption and operating costs, while also enhancing public health.

Real-time weather-adaptive water flow and leakage forecasting using an explainable unified deep neural network

Power-to-X (PtX) processes are gaining attention as pathways to store renewable electricity in the form of hydrogen, synthetic fuels, and chemicals. While PtX technologies support decarbonisation and energy system flexibility, sustainable water management is increasingly recognised as a key constraint for large-scale deployment. This review synthesises recent literature on water demand and quality requirements across PtX pathways and identifies opportunities for circular water strategies, including integration with wastewater treatment, advanced water recovery, and internal reuse. Water availability, feedwater quality, purification requirements, energy penalties, and governance frameworks are identified as critical factors shaping water circularity in PtX systems. Although conventional water purification typically contributes less than 1% to the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH), water availability and sourcing constraints can emerge as system-level limiting factors, particularly in water-stressed regions. Key research gaps include electrolysis performance under circulating and reclaimed water operation, and system-level modelling that accounts for water scarcity and intermittent operation

• Semi-automatic estimations of criteria weights via multivariate statistical methods. • MAR feasibility depends on intrinsic suitability, water demand and availability. • Multiple realizations of criteria weights are used to conduct variability analysis • The results were in good agreement with those of previous studies at the demo site. • This approach is directly implemented in software for broad usage by practitioners. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) provides a nature-based solution to water scarcity issues, contributing to the design of effective water management policies. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of multivariate statistical methods within the framework of multicriteria decision analysis to provide nonsubjective, semi-automatic estimations of MAR feasibility based on three thematic layers, particularly intrinsic (hydrogeological, topographical, meteorological) features, water availability and demand for MAR. The concept of MAR typology is used to define the MAR problem and select a set of criteria for each thematic layer that are relevant for the Sado River Basin (southern Portugal). The hierarchical clustering algorithm (HCA) is used to partition the study area into distinct subregions based on selected criteria. For each subregion and thematic layer, a set of weight coefficients for the criteria is generated via products of the cumulative variance of the principal scores with the corresponding eigenvector matrix, which are then used to generate multiple realizations of the thematic maps. The results reveal that the majority of the study area (60%) has mean feasibility scores less than 0.54, whereas the remaining 40% (highest values) vary within a smaller interval (0.54–0.67). The present results are consistent with the previous study, with both identifying the same high-suitability regions. Additionally, it allows exploration of the variability in criteria weights across multiple realizations, providing a preliminary indication of how this variability can influence the results. This approach can easily be implemented in software and ultimately automated, supporting the unsupervised streamlining of the decision-making process.

The growing demand for food, energy, and water in resource-constrained regions intensifies land-use conflicts, where solar photovoltaic (PV) expansion often competes with agriculture. Agrivoltaics, the co-location of crop cultivation beneath PV systems, offers a potential dual-use solution to enhance land efficiency. This study presents one of the first agrivoltaic demonstrations in Bangladesh that evaluates the agronomic, economic, and socio-social feasibility of agrivoltaics through a field-based comparative experiment conducted at two solar irrigation pump (SIP) sites in Tetulia, Panchagarh district. A controlled plot design was employed in which selected crops were cultivated under PV panels and in adjacent open-field control plots across two growing seasons (Rabi/winter and Kharif-I/summer). Crop yields were quantitatively measured and compared, and extrapolation analysis was performed to estimate national-scale production potential across approximately 45 ha of existing SIP-covered land. In addition, qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) to assess farmer perceptions and gender dimensions. Results indicate that seven Rabi crops, including tomato, onion, and garlic, experienced yield reductions of 10%-20% under shaded conditions, whereas shade-tolerant ginger and turmeric cultivated in Kharif-I recorded yield increases of 12.3% and 8.7%, respectively. Scaling the pilot findings (0.01 ha) suggests potential seasonal production of nearly 594 t of ginger and turmeric nationwide (45 ha), corresponding to an estimated economic value of approximately US$0.56 million. Qualitative findings revealed strong farmer interest in high-value crop cultivation under PV panels and indicated enhanced women's participation in crop management, post-harvest activities, and contributing to household income diversification. The study demonstrates that agrivoltaics can serve as a climate-smart approach to optimize land use, strengthen food security, and promote renewable energy adoption while creating opportunities for gender-inclusive agricultural practices in rural Bangladesh.

Integrating water and energy sustainability: A poly-generation system for desalination, zero liquid discharge, and green fuel