Demand For Water Resources Research Articles

Accounting and system dynamics simulation of water resource liabilities in the Yangtze River Economic Zone, China.

Accounting and system dynamics simulation of water resource liabilities in the Yangtze River Economic Zone, China.

Water Supply and Demand Index of Henan Province Spatial and Temporal Correlation Analysis

Based on the data dataset of precipitation, surface water resources and underground water resources in the water resources bulletin of Henan Province from 1999 to 2022 by Henan Provincial Water Resources Department. Based on the spatial and temporal correlation rules, the distribution characteristics of water resources in urban agglomerations in Henan Province in time and space were analyzed using the weighted precipitation temperature homogenization index. The results show that the water resources supply and demand balance indexes are strongly correlated among cities in central, east, west, south and north Henan Province, and the spatial distribution of water demand has obvious geographical correlation and uneven distribution, with water resources in the central region mainly coming from the Yellow River and groundwater. The western region is relatively rich in water resources, mainly relying on local water bodies and groundwater. The southern region is close to the Yangtze River Basin and receives more precipitation, making water resources generally more abundant. The northern part of Henan Province is an important industrial base and the main grain-producing area, and one of the most water-scarce areas in Henan Province, with water resources forming the province's largest groundwater leakage area, and with the increase in population and the expansion of cities, the problem of water resources shortage in the northern part of Henan Province is becoming more and more serious. Water resources in the eastern part of the region mainly come from the Yellow River tributaries and groundwater, and water resources are generally stable, but tensions can still occur during peak water use periods.

Internal migrant characteristics and access to clean water in post-apartheid South Africa

Abstract Differentiated access to clean water has been one of the instruments that the Apartheid regime used to justify its monopoly on power. The demise of the White minority rule saw fluxes of internal migrants flocking to large cities to access water services previously denied to them through segregationist spatial planning. Using a framework derived from the theory of access, this study applied a multinomial logistical regression analysis to identify migrant sociodemographic and locational factors that affect their likelihood of accessing tap water. We found sociodemographic factors associated with a higher bargaining power to significantly increase the likelihood of migrants to have access to tap water inside their houses. By contrast, lower levels of bargaining power increase the probability of accessing clean water only outside the house or not having access at all. The results also point out clear differences between migrants residing in large cities and those residing in rural areas. Demand for water resources being expected to outstrip available supplies, the study recommends additional investments in maintenance and expansion of water distribution infrastructure, as well as support measures for improving the bargaining power of disadvantaged social groups to achieve the targets of UN Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG6).

An interval bilateral regulation framework of water resources supply and demand in irrigation area under water sources uncertainty

An interval bilateral regulation framework of water resources supply and demand in irrigation area under water sources uncertainty

Applying the Eightfold Path to Morocco's Cabinet Order 2.23.105

ABSTRACTMorocco is fighting its sixth year of drought. As part of its comprehensive response to the drought, the Moroccan cabinet passed order 2.23.105 in December 2023. The new rules require the regulation of well drilling entities. The problem of illegal wells, often dug by farmers who do not know that they need a license, represented a threat to the country's water tables long before the current drought and constitutes a significant barrier towards the adoption of effective Integrated Water Resource Management and Demand Side Management policies. The paper is based on an examination of the current laws including order 2.23.105, by applying the eightfold path of policy analysis, interviews with water officials, and including the views of farmers concerning their efficacy. The paper argues that the state is an essential player in framing an effective response to drought and to climate change. Soil and Water Analysis Tools (SWAT) like ArcSWAT will help improve the state's response and enable it to identify and engage key stakeholders.

Traditional Dual Tank Water Management: A Study of Kolakanatham in Perambalur District, Tamil Nadu

Societies make rainwater harvesting structures to collect and store rain water to cater for their immediate and future needs. In a remote village in the Perambalur district, the people use the dual temple tank, nearly 350 years old, for their drinking purposes. This study tries to understand the traditional knowledge embedded in the dual pond structures, cascade aerators, and an open well connected with the ground aquifer inside the tank. This study delves into projected rainfall trends using NASA POWER data for 2050, revealing a noticeable increase and an assessment of pond water quality parameters demonstrating adherence to acceptable limits set by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). However, despite meeting these standards, the water quality index deems the water unsuitable for direct human consumption, though it remains suitable for domestic household use. Moreover, analysis of land cover and land use changes by Sentinel2A data over the past 22 years underscores significant growth in settlement areas, indicative of a rising demand for water resources. The study proposes the restoration and utilization of the dual tank system as a potential solution to address this burgeoning water demand, offering a reliable water source and preserving traditional practices within the local community.

Implications for research, higher education, and science-policy interaction

Political tensions over water management in the Central Asia region have intensified since the Soviet era, as ecological issues like the drying Aral Sea and seasonal hydropower disruptions impact downstream countries. The paper discusses the region’s water governance challenges, including climate-induced uncertainties, water resource demands, and the limited capacity of local research institutions. While Central Asia’s governments have initiated reforms, including new infrastructure and agreements, resilience in water management remains underdeveloped. The paper also explores the role of higher education institutions in fostering capacity-building for sustainable governance, emphasizing the need for local expertise and regional collaboration. The proposed establishment of a Central Asian water research platform aims to enhance science-policy integration, promote sustainable water governance, and support informed regional cooperation on transboundary water issues.

Methodology and results of surface water quality monitoring in Georgia

<p>The article reviews the existing methodology and results of monitoring the quality of surface waters in Georgia. It also discusses improving the existing monitoring network and its approximation to the EU Water Framework Directive. The monitoring results are related to water quality indicators (chemical analysis) and pollution assessment. Georgia stands out worldwide for its biological and landscape diversity, features of an ecologically clean natural environment, water resources and a history of agricultural development of several thousand years. Despite this, the indicators of chemical and biological pollution of water bodies are still high. In Georgia, the quality of water bodies is monitored in several dozen locations (points). The monitoring results are the subject of constant attention and discussion. The importance of water quality monitoring is increasing even more against climate change trends when the demand for both water resources and their quality is constantly growing.</p>

Spreading the Desalination Technology as the Appropriate Option for the Drinking Water in Vietnam

Water scarcity is the one of the global risks. In order to compensate the sudden decrease in the water supply due to the increase in water demand and sudden variations of water resources due to the climate change, the alternative water resource could be required. Desalination technology is the water production method which can produce the fresh water from the seawater, the unlimited water resource on earth. In the Mekong delta area, Vietnam, the feasible water resources are the rainwater, groundwater, and Mekong river water. Because the climate in the Mekong delta area, Vietnam has the distinct rainy and dry seasons, the seawater intrusion has been occurred during the dry season due to the decreased Mekong river water by the Dam construction in the upper estuary and the increased seawater level. Therefore, the Mekong river water and groundwater have been affected by the seawater intrusion and become salty which are not proper for the agricultural and drinking water purposes. In order to provide the sustainable water in the rural areas in the Mekong delta area, Vietnam, the KIST and VKIST have been collaborated and suggested several the solar-power desalination systems. In this study, the collaborations and applications of the reverse osmosis plants were summarized.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Resource Carrying Capacity in Northwest China

Northwest China has been facing a contrast between water resource shortage and rapid economic and social development for a long time, and the enhancement of water resource carrying capacity (WRCC) is of strategic significance in solving this contradiction. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation system of water resource carrying capacity is constructed to define the characteristics of Northwest China, which innovatively integrates the four major systems of water resources, economy, society, and the ecological environment. The improved TOPSIS model is applied to systematically evaluate the dynamic evolution of WRCC in the five provinces (autonomous regions) of the Northwest region from 2000 to 2022. The obstacle degree diagnosis model is used to deeply analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of the main constraining factors. The study finds the following: (1) the Northwest WRCC grows slowly amidst fluctuations, with insignificant inter-regional differences, but at a much slower rate than GDP growth in the same period; (2) WRCC in the Northwest region exhibits significant regional differentiation, with Ningxia and Xinjiang maintaining steady upward trends, while Shanxi, Gansu, and Qinghai show a fluctuating upward trend; (3) the constraining factors for WRCC improvement exhibit obvious regional characteristics and time-stage characteristics, with a spatial mismatch of water resource supply and demand, and with low population and economic agglomeration being the core bottlenecks constraining WRCC improvement in the Northwest region. Based on empirical analysis, this study provides customized WRCC improvement strategies for each province (autonomous region), providing scientific decision-making support for the sustainable use of water resources in the Northwest region.

Numerical Simulation Analysis of Water Resource Supply and Demand Balance

Numerical Simulation Analysis of Water Resource Supply and Demand Balance

Assessing water resource vulnerability based on remote sensing data-enhanced SWAT+ and High-Resolution precipitation data

Assessing water resource vulnerability based on remote sensing data-enhanced SWAT+ and High-Resolution precipitation data

Short-term water demand prediction using stacking regression–based machine learning

ABSTRACT Forecasting of water demand and equitable allocation of local water resources are used to reduce and eliminate water shortages and waste. The key emphasis of this research article is to estimate water demand using the prediction model for the Peroorkada urban water distribution network. The characteristics, such as head, pressure, and base demand, related to the water demand were the features of the prediction model. The prediction model has been developed using python. The water distribution network consists of 99 nodes. The demand graph for a time interval of 6 h has been plotted and predicted for all the nodes, and 24-h interval demand has been plotted for vulnerable nodes, which were determined by the sensor placement toolkit. This study included 13 machine learning algorithms, including three hybrid/stacked regression techniques. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-based stacking regressor model performs the best at demand prediction. Single prediction models were outperformed by stacking regressor models.

Hydro-Economic Risk and Resilience to Supply Chain Water Scarcity in Chinese Cities.

Present understanding on virtual scarce water embedded in supply chains has primarily focused on water quantities. Yet assessing the potential economic cost of and resilience to water scarcity along the supply chain is critical for making informed water and supply chain decisions. We quantified water scarcity risks and resilience at the city level, since fine-grained studies can better capture the highly varied water resource availability, demand and socio-economic development across China. To do this, we used an income-based multiregional input-output approach between 2007 and 2017, which allows the economic impacts of water scarcity along supply chains to be comprehensively assessed. The results show that supply chains amplify potential local economic risks by three times nationally, with the amplification effect reaching ten times in some cities. The resilience to water scarcity, taking into account multiple dimensions including the impact of physical water transfer, varies across different cities and is negatively correlated to water scarcity risks. This suggests the importance of addressing correlated risk and resilience dimensions to enhance hydro-economic security of cities. Our analysis highlights those cities facing both high hydro-economic risk and low resilience, primarily located in North, Northeast, and East China, which national policies may prioritize to enhance their preparedness against water scarcity.

Research on Irrigation Grade Discrimination Method Based on Semantic Segmentation

As one of China’s major grain crops, wheat has a high demand for water resources, making it susceptible to drought stress. Traditional irrigation evaluation methods are often based on experience and rule-based calculations, which struggle to cope with complex environmental factors and dynamic changes in crop needs. With technological advancements, deep learning-based research methods, characterized by their strong data-driven analytical capabilities, are expected to improve the accuracy of evaluation results. This paper focuses on the irrigation demand assessment of winter wheat farmland, aiming to explore a new regional-scale irrigation demand assessment method based on deep learning. By establishing samples of different irrigation evaluation levels, this study seeks to better meet the requirements of irrigation demand assessment. For the problem of regional-scale irrigation-level discrimination, the Convolutional Network Attention(CONAT) module was proposed to optimize the backbone network structure of the Mask2Former model. To tackle issues related to data imbalance and underfitting across certain categories, a loss function tailored for imbalanced sample distributions was implemented, accompanied by enhancements to the training scheme. By contrasting this refined model with alternative methods for discriminating irrigation levels, the viability of this approach was showcased.

Environmental Risk Study of the Yuanjiang-Lishui River Basin in the Enshi Area

Abstract. The Yuanjiang-Lishui River Basin in the Enshi Prefecture is located in the southwestern part of Hubei Province, China. It is an important tributary of the Qingjiang River Basin and falls within the secondary region of the Qingjiang River Basin. The total area of this basin is approximately 5,320 square kilometers, with most of the region falling under the administrative jurisdiction of Enshi Prefecture. This paper investigates the environmental risks faced by the Yuanjiang-Lishui River Basin in Enshi Prefecture, conducting an in-depth study and discussion of the existing environmental issues in the region and their causes. The study reveals that the Enshi area of the Yuanjiang-Lishui River Basin currently faces significant environmental problems, including severe flood disasters, an increasingly acute conflict between the supply and demand of water resources, and water pollution.

Multi-parameter study of Aculeo lagoon (Chile)

Abstract. The Aculeo Lagoon, located in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, was one of the main water reservoirs of central Chile. It has experienced a decline in water levels since 2009 and completely dried up in 2018. It was unable to recover until 2023 due to sustained demand for water resources associated with population growth, changes in land use, and years of drought. The objective of this study is to estimate how anthropogenic factors and climate change have influenced the drying of the lagoon. Parameters considered include population growth, housing increases, changes in land use within the Aculeo basin, local temperature and precipitation variations, and global El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena. Input data included multi-year Landsat images, census data, and a systematic review of the literature on the study area. Furthermore, applying geospatial data analysis techniques such as satellite image processing, supervised classification of land cover/use, and calculation of spectral indices, it is possible to conclude that the Aculeo Lagoon dried out due to a significant precipitation deficit over nearly a decade, exacerbated by the overexploitation of land for agricultural activities.

Exploring the Interactions of Climate Change, Freshwater Supply, and Environmental Balance

Climate change has far-reaching implications for global freshwater availability and environmental balance. The increase in greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels has triggered global climate change, affecting precipitation patterns, glacier melt and sea level rise. Parts of the United States are experiencing significant changes in precipitation patterns, with some areas experiencing frequent storms and others experiencing more prolonged droughts. Accelerated glacier melt is leading to fewer water sources during the dry season, and sea level rise is threatening coastal freshwater resources, triggering saltwater intrusion and a decline in freshwater quality. Wildfires in California are an important consequence of climate change, severely affecting freshwater resources and environmental balance. Wildfires lead to reduced water resources, impacting agricultural water use and irrigation infrastructure, and affecting water quality through increased sediment and pollutant loads. The 2018 Camp Hill Fire contaminated local water sources, and the rebuilding process has increased demand for water resources, exacerbating resource constraints. Global warming has lengthened wildfire seasons and increased fire intensity, leading to increased pressure on freshwater resources. By analyzing the impacts of climate change on freshwater resources, this paper hopes to draw public attention to environmental protection and provide a reference for gradually optimizing ecosystems and creating a healthy living environment.

Matrix representation of the graph model for conflict resolution based on intuitionistic preferences with applications to trans-regional water resource conflicts in the Lancang–Mekong River Basin

Matrix representation of the graph model for conflict resolution based on intuitionistic preferences with applications to trans-regional water resource conflicts in the Lancang–Mekong River Basin

Estrategias para el uso sostenible del agua en la agricultura

The article addresses sustainable water management strategies in agriculture, a crucial issue given the growing demand for food and limited water resources. Advanced irrigation technologies and sustainable practices are reviewed, focusing on precision irrigation systems and integrated resource management. The methodology was based on a comprehensive literature review of irrigation technologies such as drip irrigation, with a focus on water scarcity aggravated by climate change. The results highlight the effectiveness of these technologies in reducing water consumption by up to 95%, while improving agricultural productivity. However, significant barriers are identified, such as high initial costs and lack of widespread adoption in rural areas. The discussion suggests that successful implementation of these strategies depends on a comprehensive approach that combines the use of modern technologies, effective public policies, and active farmer participation. It is concluded that, although challenges exist, the opportunities for improving water efficiency in agriculture are significant, especially through international cooperation and the implementation of nature-based solutions.