Water Nanofluid Flow Research Articles

Numerical investigation of heat transfer and pressure drop of water-nanofluid flow in a three-dimensional wavy mini-tube

This research employs three-dimensional simulations to investigate the behavior of pure water and nanofluids consisting of Al2O3 and TiO2 particles within a sinusoidal mini-tube as a single-phase suspension. The impact of a mini-tube's sinusoidal amplitude and wavelength on laminar flow properties is investigated in Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 600. The results present that performance evaluation criterion of mini-tube is more proper in the amplitude of 3 mm and wave length of 16 mm. Performance evaluation criterion of sinusoidal shaped mini-tube with pure water in comparison with straight mini-tube, shows that sinusoidal mini-tube has the proper performance which the performance evaluation criterion is greater than 1. Proper selected mini-tube is also used with nanofluids. In this simulation, proposed nanofluids are water-Al2O3 and water-TiO2 nanofluids with volume fractions of 2% and 4%. The results of this investigation reveal that using nanofluids improves performance evaluation criterion. Also, comparison of two different nanoparticles shows that Al2O3 nanoparticles have better performance in comparison with TiO2 nanoparticles. By changing geometrical parameters as amplitude and wave length and finding proper mini-tube, it is seen that performance evaluation criterion is increased two times in comparison with straight tube. Also, using nanofluid in proper mini-tube in comparison with pure water in the same mini-tube, leads to improvement of cooling and thermal performance up to of 20%, in the different Reynolds numbers.

Investigation of magnetite water nanofluid flow through a stretching sheet using the Hamilton and Crosser model for nanoparticle shape factor and effective thermal conductivity

The main objective of this current investigation is to study the heat and mass transfer of the convective MHD Fe3O4−H2O nanofluid through an expanding sheet in the presence of thermal radiation. The Hamilton and Crosser model describes the shape and effective thermal conductivity. The fluid flow governing PDEs has been transformed into a system of ODEs by utilizing appropriate similarity transformation. We used SQLM or Spectral Quasilinearization method to solve them numerically and draw the graphical conclusion using MATLAB software. The skin friction, the Nusselt number and the Sherwood number have been determined numerically and portrayed graphically for the pertinent parameter. It has been observed that for the increment of the volume fraction of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the fluid velocity tends to reduce while the thermal profile is enhanced. We also observed that for the increment of the buoyancy parameter, the mass transfer is enhanced. Additionally, for the enhancement of the Schmidt number from 0.1 to 1.2, the rate of mass transfer coefficient increases very rapidly. The outcome of the current study has been compared with previously published data, and there is a satisfactory agreement.

Dufour and Soret effects on MHD squeezed nanoliquid flow between parallel plates by differential transform method

Purpose This paper aims to examine the Dufour and Soret combined effects on the study of two-dimensional squeezed flow of copper water nanofluid between parallel plates along with applied (external) magnetic field. Impact of higher order chemical reaction is also considered. Design/methodology/approach The nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are changed into system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by employing suitable similarity transformations. These transformed ODEs are then solved by means of a semianalytical method called differential transform method (DTM). Effects of several changing physical parameters on fluid flow, temperature and concentration have been deliberated through graphs. Findings It is observed that Dufour and Soret numbers are directly related to temperature profile and a reverse trend was observed in the concentration profile. Temperature enhancement is perceived for the enhanced Dufour number. Enhancement in Dufour number shows a direct association with Sh and Nu for all values of squeezing parameter. Practical implications The combined Dufour and Soret effects are used in separation of isotopes in mixture of gases, oil reservoirs and binary alloys solidification. The squeeze nanoliquid flow can be used in the field of composite material joining, rheological testing and welding engineering. Social implications This study is mainly useful for geosciences and chemical engineering. Originality/value The uniqueness in this research is the study of the impact of cross diffusion on chemically reacting squeezed nanoliquid flow with the chemical reaction order more than one in the presence of applied magnetic force using a semianalytical procedure, named DTM.

Squeezing hydromagnetic nanofluid flow between two parallel plates with joule heating effects and induced magnetic field

Over the years, cooling high energy devices has become a major challenge to most industries. Thus, squeezing hydromagnetic nanofluid flow between two parallel plates has garnered alot of attention. In the present study, an unsteady, incompressible, hydromagnetic gold and water nanofluid flow squeezed between two parallel plates with Joule heating and a magnetic field that is induced is considered. The model considers the impacts of Joule heating,Viscous dissipation and induced magnetic field. In contrast with other studies which may have focussed on only one or two of these aspects this comprehensive approach provides a more accurate depiction of the flow pattern. Employing the finite difference method, the flow's non-linear differential equations are numerically solved and then implemented in MATLAB. The effect of changing various parameters on flow variables such as velocity, magnetic induction and thermal profiles are determined and the results obtained are presented graphically. Increasing magnetic parameter and Prandtl magnetic number caused a decline in temperature,velocity and magnetic induction profiles. Further, increasing the Eckert number and Joule heating parameter lead to an increase in temperature profiles. This findings have a direct impact on high-energy cooling devices which frequently experience heat dissipation. Additionally, engineers can ensure optimal performance and the longevity of plate heat exchangers in industries.

Exploring heat transfer augmentation and entropy generation in nanofluid flow induced by vibration: Influence of velocity and rheological properties

This study numerically investigates the heat transfer and entropy generation of nanofluid flow under mechanical vibration, employing approved formulations to model the nanofluid density, specific heat, viscosity, and conductivity. Specifically, the impact of vibration on laminar forced convection thermal flow of both pure water and Al2O3-water nanofluid within a pipe is explored using CFD. Various Reynolds numbers are examined under constant heat flux conditions, with nanofluid properties determined using established correlations. Results indicate that applying Al2O3 nanofluid slurry instead of pure water at low Reynolds numbers reduces entropy generation, proving advantageous. Vibration enhances heat transfer by intensifying fluid agitation and promoting particle dispersion near the wall, resulting in a significantly more uniform temperature distribution along the pipe, approximately 100 times more than steady-state flow. Analysis reveals vibration’s effectiveness in reducing irreversibility, especially at lower Reynolds numbers, with substantial enhancements in heat transfer coefficients, up to approximately fivefold compared to steady-state flow, particularly for nanofluid flows. Optimal conditions for maximizing heat transfer enhancement emphasize nanoparticle size and concentration. Mechanical vibration with different frequencies produces significant improvements in heat transfer compared to amplitude variations, primarily influenced by the Reynolds number. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the intricate relationship between vibration, fluid dynamics, and heat transfer in nanofluid flows, with practical implications for optimizing thermal management systems across various engineering applications.

Analytical analysis of water and engine oil base nanofluid flow with the influence of viscous dissipation and variable viscosity on stretching surface

AbstractIn this study, we will look at the analytical characterization of water and motor oil‐based nanofluid flow and the effects of viscous dissipation and variable viscosity on stretching surfaces. The primary goal of this research is to improve heat transfer efficiency in a range of systems, including cooling applications, refrigeration systems, and heat exchangers. The addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid increases its thermal conductivity, which boosts heat transfer rates. The flow system considers the impact of viscous dissipation. In addition, this methodology accounts for temperature and velocity slips during stretching. We utilized the proper transformations to convert a set of PDEs to NLODEs. To solve this system of equations, we use hybrid nanofluid. The impact of different parameters obtained from temperature and velocity equations involving the porosity parameter, power law number, ratio velocity, dynamic viscosity, Forchheimer parameter, and Eckert number input factors are shown in the form of graphs.

Micropolar (copper–water) nanofluid flow past a stretching sheet with nanosized particles shape impact

Nanosized particles can be administered via distinct routes involving intraperitoneal and intravenous injection, pulmonary inhalation, and oral administration. Nanosized particles have been advanced as efficient target-specific strategies for the treatment of cancer, acting as agents and also acting as nanocarriers. Over the last few years, various kinds of nanosized particles have been developed based on several components involving silica oxides, nanocrystals, carbon, metal oxides, polymers, quantum dots, lipids, and dendrimers, together with enhancing a variety of newly developed materials. The focus of this study is to analyze the effect of dissimilar shapes of nano-sized particles on fluid flow past a stretching surface that is permeable. For this purpose, a micropolar nanofluid with a base fluid of water is considered. Both spherical (sphere) and nonspherical (lamina)-shaped nanoparticles of copper are used to study the enhancement of thermal conductivity. The highly complex governing partial differential equations of the problem are converted into ODEs via similarity transformations. The converted ODEs are tackled with the help of the homotopy analysis method. Our study shows that the performance of nonspherical(lamina) nanoparticles is better than spherical(sphere) nanoparticles in the disturbance of fluid motion, microrotation, and energy.

Thermal characteristics of MHD [formula omitted] water nanofluids flow past a stretching/shrinking wedge in the view of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux

Wedge flow has a variety of potential uses, including thermal systems, geothermal power plants, aerodynamics and cooling of nuclear power plants. In this framework, the modified Cattaneo-Christov heat flux is implemented to examine the thermal characteristics in the dissipative flow of a viscous nanoliquid over a shrinking/stretching wedge. The laminar and two-dimensional flow of CoFe2O4/ water over a wedge domain is scrutinized. The self-similar solutions using bvp4c together with the stability analysis are estimated to demonstrate the physical existence of first and second solutions under relevant parameters used in the study. The findings reveals that the reverse flow phenomena, the novel form of decreasing flow exhibits physical existence which is significantly different from those in the stretching flow scenario. Thermal relaxation has a substantial impact on energy flux, which results in oscillatory heat conduction with a narrower temperature. When the volumetric friction of nanoparticles grows from 0.0 to 0.02, the local skin friction coefficients rises. The upper branch elucidation is stable and physically realistic, while the second branch solution is imaginary and having no physical existence. The rise and fall in temperature and velocity is perceived with suction parameter. However, the dropping of velocity is seen with the nanoparticle volume percentage.

A machine learning investigation of the ZnO–water nanofluid flow with magnetic field through convergent and divergent channels: a numerical study

This investigation focuses on how ZnO–H2O nanofluid flow affects the thermal processes in divergent/convergent channels under the effects of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Advanced machine learning techniques are utilised to comprehensively quantify the interactions among the implications of nanoparticles on thermal transmission and fluid actions. Our analysis encompasses the MHD and Joule emission effects, transforming the intricate system of nonlinear system of equations to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) following the strategy of non-dimensionalisation. Leveraging the integration of artificial neural networks (ANN) integrated a hybrid approach for numerical solutions. The optimum value of ANN-based fitness function is up to 5.53 × 10 − 5 . The optimal weights and biases of ANN through ABC–WCA are ranging from − 10 to 10 . These results are meticulously compared with shooting method and homotopy perturbation method (HPM) solutions. The absolute error between the ANN, shooting and HPM are equal up to four (4) decimal places. Further, the ANN-based fitness function optimised through ABC-WCA over 250 independent runs for the efficiency of algorithms. It is found that the current results are much more authentic and powerful than the existing less converging and slow analytic and numerical methods.

Chemical Reaction Effects on the Flow of Titanium Dioxide–Water in a Mixed Convective Nanofluid along an Inclined Plate in a Porous Medium

An inclined plate is being approached by a mixed convective boundary layer nanofluid flow of titanium dioxide–water through a porous medium. A numerical analysis has been done to investigate the effects of chemical reactions on the considered nanofluid flow. With the aid of a system of governing partial differential equations, a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for taking into consideration nanofluid flow have been derived using appropriate matching transformations. The Runge–Kutta method, as well as the Nachtsheim and Swigert Shooting method, is applied to numerically resolve the group of subsequent nondimensionalized equations. The associated numerical result was then successfully compared with the available published literature in a few unique, limited circumstances. Based on the considered nanofluid flow characteristics for heat as well as mass transfer, the effects of the Schmidt number, the permeability, and the chemical reaction parameters of the titanium dioxide–water nanofluid flow have been examined, assessed, and presented for velocity in conjunction with the local skin friction coefficient, temperature in conjunction with the local Nusselt number, as well as concentration in conjunction with the local Sherwood number. Numerical results reveal that the local Sherwood number Sh, as well as the local Nusselt number Nux, increase, whereas the local skin friction coefficient Cf decreases due to the increase in the chemical reaction parameter Krp.

Double diffusive MHD squeezing copper water nanofluid flow between parallel plates filled with porous medium and chemical reaction

Purpose This paper aims to explore the double diffusive magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) squeezed flow of (Cu–water) nanofluid between two analogous plates filled with Darcy porous material in existence of chemical reaction and external magnetic field. Design/methodology/approach The governing nonlinear equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by means of similarity transforms, and the coupled mass and heat transference equations are resolved analytically with the application of differential transform method (DTM). The effects of different relevant parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration, including the squeeze number, magnetic parameter, Biot number, Darcy number and chemical reaction parameter, are illustrated with figures. In addition, for various parameters, the local skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number are computed and are graphically displayed. Findings It is observed that the squeeze number has a direct relationship with Sherwood number and an inverse relationship with skin friction as Biot number increases. With enhanced Biot numbers, the temperature value increases during both squeeze and non-squeeze moments, but the temperature values are higher for squeeze moments compared to the other case. Practical implications This research has potential applications in various large-scale enterprises that might benefit from increased productivity. Social implications The results are useful to thermal science community. Originality/value Unique and valuable insights are provided by studying the impact of chemical reaction on double diffusive MHD squeezing copper–water nanofluid flow between parallel plates filled with porous medium. In addition, this research has potential applications in various large-scale enterprises that might benefit from increased productivity.

Comparative analysis of power-law stretching and suction/blowing over three-dimensional Darcy–Forchheimer copper–water nanofluid flow

Comparative analysis of power-law stretching and suction/blowing over three-dimensional Darcy–Forchheimer copper–water nanofluid flow

Soret–Dufour mass transfer effects on radiative chemically dissipative MHD plain convective water nanofluid (Al2O3, Cu, Ag, & TiO2) flow across a temperature-controlled upright cone surface with heat blow/suction

In the current analysis, we delivered a computational approach to the 2D boundary layer heat and mass transfer flow of water-based nanofluids over a vertical cone saturated by porous media with heat generation/absorption, thermal radiation, chemical reactions, the Soret–Dufour number, viscous dissipation, and a magnetic field. The controlling partial differential equations are converted into devoid of dimensions form and numerically dealt with by Crank–Nicolson through an implicit finite difference approach. Specifically, the given parameters, such as volume fraction (ϕ), MHD-Magnetohydrodynamics (M), Soret/Dufour (Sr-Du), viscous dissipation (ϵ), chemical reaction (λ), thermal radiation (Rd), and heat blowing/suction (Δ), have an impact on boundary layer flow characteristics (velocity, temperature, concentration, drag coefficient, rate of heat transfer, and mass transfer rate) are thoroughly studied, and the outcomes are visually and tabulated to demonstrate the actual significance of the problem.

Cross-Diffusion and Higher-Order Chemical Reaction Effects on Hydromagnetic Copper–Water Nanofluid Flow Over a Rotating Cone in a Porous Medium

Spin coating of engineering components with advanced functional nanomaterials which respond to magnetic fields is growing. Motivated by exploring the fluid dynamics of such processes, a mathematical model is developed for chemically reactive Cu–H2O magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid swirl coating flow on a revolving vertical electrically insulated cone adjacent to a porous medium under a radial static magnetic field. Heat and mass transfer is included and Dufour and Soret cross-diffusion effects are also incorporated in the model. Thermal and solutal buoyancy forces are additionally included. To simulate chemical reaction of the diffusing species encountered in manufacturing processes, a higher-order chemical reaction formulation is also featured. Via suitable scaling transformations, the governing nonlinear coupled partial differential conservation equations and associated boundary conditions are reformulated as a nonlinear ordinary differential boundary value problem. MATLAB-based shooting quadrature with a Runge–Kutta method is deployed to solve the emerging system. Concentration, temperature and velocity variations for various nondimensional flow parameters have been visualized and analyzed. In addition, key wall characteristics, i.e., radial and circumferential skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number, have also been computed. Validation with earlier studies is also included. The simulations indicate that when compared to a lower-order chemical reaction, a higher-order chemical reaction allows a greater rate of heat and mass transfer at the cone surface. Increasing Dufour (diffuso-thermal) and Soret numbers generally reduces radial and circumferential skin friction and also Nusselt number, whereas it elevates the Sherwood number. Both skin friction components are also suppressed with increasing Richardson number. Strong deceleration in the tangential and circumferential velocity components is induced with greater magnetic field.

Influence of using nanofluid and phase change material on the performance of a solar thermal panel to provide the required energy of an office building in a mine

This paper examines the effect of using fins installed on tubes placed under a solar panel (SOP) numerically. The SOP is employed to generate electricity and hot water in a mine. The helical fins are mounted around the tubes under the SOP. By changing the cross-section of the fins, unsteady simulations are performed. Besides, OM37 phase change material (PCM) is utilized under the SOP and the tubes are placed inside the PCM. Alumina water nanofluid (NFD) flows inside the tubes, which are analyzed in two phases. The results show that for models M1 and M2 in 1500s, the use of tubes with a DIT of 5 mm under the SOP leads to a decrease in the SOP's average temperature of 8.58 and 8.24° respectively. The use of model M2 results in a lower outlet temperature (T-O) of the NFD when the tube DIT is 3 mm. Model M1 leads to a lower NFD T-O most of the time. Using the designed solar system can provide 56% of the hot water needed in the hot seasons and 18% of the hot water needed in the cold seasons for the building placed inside the mine.

Numerical Investigation for Nonlinear Thermal Radiation in MHD Cu–Water Nanofluid Flow in a Channel with Convective Boundary Conditions

The implications of nonlinear thermal radiation on a Cu–water nanofluid flow with varying viscosity characteristics and convective boundary conditions are investigated numerically in this article. The nonlinear model takes the combined effects of Joule dissipation and Ohmic heating into consideration. The Spectral Local Linearization Method (SLLM) is used to address the nonlinear governing model. The numerical investigation’s findings were conducted and compared with the existing study. In Cu–water nanofluid flows with variable viscosity and convective boundary conditions, nonlinear thermal radiation plays an important role, as this work insightfully demonstrates. Pertinent results for velocity, temperature, skin friction, and heat transfer rate are displayed graphically and discussed quantitatively with respect to various parameters embedded in the model. The results revealed that the Cu–water thermal distribution lessens as the nanoparticle volume fraction upsurges. The outcomes of this study have potential applications in industrial systems such as power plants, cooling systems, and climate control systems.

Exploration of heat and mass transport in oscillatory hydromagnetic nanofluid flow within two verticals alternatively conducting surfaces

AbstractThe key attention of this paper is to explore the heat and mass transport in oscillatory hydromagnetic Titanium alloy water nanofluid flow within two vertical alternatively non‐conducting and conducting walls enclosing Darcy‐Brinkman porous medium. Motional induction is considered because it is sufficiently strong in comparison to Ohmic dissipation. Hall phenomenon is considered because the electromotive force induced due to revolving of fluid particle about the magnetic field lines is significant. Suitable physical laws (constitutive and field equations) are used to derive the equations leading the flow model. An analytical approach is followed to extract the solutions of the flow model. The quantities of physical interest such as wall shear stress (WSS), rate of heat transport rate (RHT) and rate of mass transport rate (RMT) at the walls are obtained from the extracted solutions. The physical insight into flow manners is discovered from the graphs and tables generated from the numerical computation of the solutions. It is important to note from the study that the volume concentration of nanofluid and magnetic diffusion produce resistivity in the flow and tends to slow down the fluid flow. Magnetic diffusion weakens the strength of the primarily motional induced magnetic field.

Nanoparticle shape effects on MHD Cu–water nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with thermal radiation and heat source/sink

This study provides an insight into the effects of various nanoparticle shape factors on magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a stretching sheet. Choosing appropriate nanoparticles can control velocity and heat transfer. A magnetic field is part of the momentum equation, and the effects of radiation and heat source/sink are part of the energy equation. Equations governing the problem are converted into nonlinear ODEs by similarity transformation. Afterwards, Runge–Kutta fourth-order scheme combined with shooting technique is employed. A magnetic field and porosity decrease the velocity. Radiation and a heat source/sink both escalate temperature. The Eckert number and porosity also improve the temperature. As nanoparticle volume fraction increases, the Nusselt number decreases and skin friction increases. Among the nanoparticle shapes considered in this study, platelet-shaped nanoparticles have the best flow and heat transfer performance. According to the studies we examined, the results obtained are consistent with those previously published.

Impact of multifarious slips on radiating nanofluid flow containing ZrO2 nanoparticles

In this paper, the impact of thermal slip and slip velocity on ZrO2 (Zirconia)–water nanofluid flow through a vertically heated permeable stretching sheet surrounded by a porous medium has been deliberated. The concept of thermal radiation is assimilated into the study. Using similarity transformations, the concerned governing flow model is changed into nonlinear ODEs and gets a solution by the R-K method. The consequence of numerous pertinent parameters in the fluid flow arena is deliberated by employing graphical and tabular approaches. The current investigation will be supportive of understanding the thermal features of heat transfer nanofluids. Outcomes of the present effort are compared with that of previously published works and found a commendable level of settlement. Our analysis sightsees that Zirconia–water achieves high temperatures due to thermal radiation. Also, it is found that Zirconia–water nanofluid lessens the heat transfer rate related to their base fluid.

Numerical Study of a Phase Change Material Energy Storage Tank Working with Carbon Nanotube–Water Nanofluid under Ha’il City Climatic Conditions

A numerical investigation of a phase change material (PCM) energy storage tank working with carbon nanotube (CNT)–water nanofluid is performed. The study was conducted under actual climatic conditions of the Ha’il region (Saudi Arabia). Two configurations related to the absence or presence of conductive baffles are studied. The tank is filled by encapsulated paraffin wax as the PCM, and CNT–water nanofluid flows through the capsules. The main goal is to increase the temperature of the PCM to 70 °C in order to store the thermal energy, which can then be used during the night and cloudy weather. Numerical computations are made using the finite element method (FEM) based on actual measured weather conditions. Climate conditions were collected from a weather station located on the roof of the engineering college’s building at the University of Ha’il. The collected data served as input to the numerical model, and the simulations were performed for three months (December, March, and July). The solid CNT volume fraction range was (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.05) and the nanofluid volume flow rate ranged was (0.5 L/min ≤ V ≤ 3 L/min). For both considered cases (with and without baffles), it was found that the use of CNT–nanofluid led to a reduction in the charging time and enhanced its performance. An increase in the volumetric flow rate was found to accelerate the melting process. The best performances of the storage tank occurred during July due to the highest solar irradiation. Furthermore, it was found that the use of baffles had no beneficial effects on the melting process.