rhythmic gymnastics is a highly demanding aesthetic sport that has been associated with an increased risk of eating disorders, body dissatisfaction and nutritional deficits. providing data on the dietary habits and body composition of Spanish amateur rhythmic gymnasts. descriptive transversal study on 56 female amateur rhythmic gymnasts practicing within clubs belonging to the Galician Gymnastics Federation, categorized into pre-teens (10-12 yrs) and teens (13-18 yrs). Anthropometric measurements were performed following ISAK protocols and complemented with bioimpedance. Dietary intake was qualitative and quantitatively determined through a three-day food record and a food frequency questionnaire. Physical activity level was estimated by an activity and training record. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40) was used to identify disordered eating attitudes. anthropometric data showed significantly lower z-scores, body fat percentage, triceps skinfold thickness, and waist-to-hip ratio in pre-teen gymnasts than in teens, and higher body water and mineral mass percentages. Pre-teens accumulated higher training load. Energy intake was lower than estimated energy expenditure and Spanish recommendations. The intake of fiber, legumes, fruit, vegetables, oils and fats did not reach the recommendations, while sugar and protein exceeded them. EAT-40 reflected no signs of eating disorders, with older gymnasts showing higher scores. suboptimal intake of energy and certain food groups such as legumes, vegetables, fruit and healthy fats, plus high training loads, could negatively impact health and performance of young female athletes. Considering the high nutritional and physical demands of rhythmic gymnastics, attention should be addressed to their diet and eating behaviors.

Abstract. The East China Sea (ECS) continental shelf is a hotspot for studying nitrogen fixation in the marginal seas of the western Pacific, where this microbially mediated process is profoundly influenced by both the coastal and oceanic current systems. Yet, how physical forcing controls the biogeography of diazotrophs and regional nitrogen budget on the ECS shelf remains poorly characterized. Here, we carried out a cross-season survey and demonstrated dynamics in diazotrophic communities that is tightly linked to distinct water masses on the ECS shelf. An overall spatial heterogeneity among some of the major diazotrophic phylotypes was unveiled, with the filamentous cyanobacteria Trichodesmium, diatom-diazotroph symbioses (Het-1 and Het-2), the unicellular cyanobacterial diazotrophs (UCYN-B) and Haptophyta-associated nitroplasts (UCYN-A) dominating the upper 30 m of the warm, nitrogen-limited offshore region intruded by the Kuroshio and Taiwan Strait water, whereas diatom-associated putative nitroplasts (UCYN-C and γ-24774A11) were abundant both at the surface and 50 m depth. The nitrogen fixation rates were generally higher in autumn than in spring, particularly in Kuroshio-affected waters dominated by Trichodesmium, Het-1 and Het-2, suggesting a seasonal variability primarily regulated by hydrographic conditions (mainly temperature and salinity) associated with water mass movement. Modeling the distribution of diazotrophs in the water masses identified three taxon-specific niches occupied by eight distinct diazotrophic phylotypes. Taken together, our analyses provide mechanistic insights into the role of dominant forms of physical forcing in driving the spatiotemporal variability in diazotrophic distribution and activity on the ECS shelf, which is of important reference in assessing diazotrophs adaptation in a changing marine ecosystem.

Abstract Some low-density exoplanets are thought to be water-rich worlds that formed beyond the snow line of their protoplanetary disk, possibly accreting coequal portions of rock and water. However, the compositions of bodies within the solar system and the stability of volatile-rich solids in accretionary disks suggest that a planet rich in water should also acquire as much as 40% refractory organic carbon (“soot”). This would reduce the water mass fraction well below 50%, making the composition of these planets similar to those of solar system comets. Here we show that soot-rich planets, with or without water, can account for the low average densities of exoplanets that were previously attributed to a binary combination of rock and water. Formed in locations beyond the soot and/or snow lines in disks, these planets are likely common in our galaxy and already observed by JWST. The surfaces and interiors of soot-rich planets will be influenced by the chemical and physical properties of carbonaceous phases, and the atmospheres of such planets may contain plentiful methane and other hydrocarbons, with implications for photochemical haze generation and habitability.

ABSTRACTRationaleDistribution patterns of foraminifera are controlled by environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentrations in each water mass. Since trace elements to Ca ratios of marine microfossil calcite test of foraminifera record environmental and ecological habitat information, we used femtosecond (fs) LA‐ICP‐MS to obtain accurate chamber‐by‐chamber Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Na/Ca of four foraminifera species to clarify the impact of foraminiferal depth migration on paleoceanographic reconstruction. The Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios were measured with precision better than 5%, fulfilling the accuracy typically required for paleoceanographic reconstructions. We also examined the differences in element ratios due to the pretreatment cleaning methods for extracting accurate paleoceanographic information.MethodsThe fsLA‐ICP‐MS has the advantage of less matrix and instrumental element fractionation effects on elements with high condensation temperatures. We also applied the use of multiple carbonate standard materials for concentration standardization.ResultsThe fsLA‐ICP‐MS analysis was optimized using a spot size of 30 μm or larger with a laser repetition frequency of 5 to 15 Hz in a circular analytical trajectory. A comparison between ultrasonic and oxidative cleaning protocols revealed that oxidative test cleaning with perchloric acid and hydrogen peroxide achieved higher reproducibility and more efficient impurity removal compared to ultrasonic cleaning with ultrapure water and methanol. Repeated analysis on the same chambers of two species, O. universa and P. obliquiloculata, yielded mean relative standard deviations for Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca of < 5%.ConclusionsA quantitative method was rapidly developed for determination of Mg, Sr, and Na to ratios of biogenic carbonates of foraminifera. T. sacculifer showed no chamber‐by‐chamber Mg/Ca variation in calcifying temperature, but average test Mg/Ca temperature decreased by 1.4°C with the addition of the final sac‐like chamber and final calcite layer. G. menardii showed a ~7°C difference among chambers suggesting upward migration in the shallow part of the thermocline.

Determining long-term changes in global ice and water storage from satellite gravimetry remains challenging due to the limited temporal coverage of high-resolution missions. Here, we combine Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data to reconstruct large-scale, non-linear mass variations from 1995 to 2024, extending gravity-based observations into the pre-GRACE era while preserving spatial detail through backward extrapolation. The combined model reveals widespread and statistically significant accelerations in global water and ice mass changes and enables the identification of key turning points in their temporal evolution. Results indicate that in Svalbard, a non-linear transition in ice mass balance occurred in late 2004, followed by a pronounced acceleration of mass loss due to climate warming. Glaciers in the Gulf of Alaska exhibit persistent mass loss with a marked intensification after 2012, while in the Antarctic Peninsula, ice mass loss substantially slowed and a potential trend reversal emerged around 2021. The reconstructed mass anomalies show strong consistency with independent satellite altimetry and climate indicators, including a clear response to the 1997/1998 El Niño event prior to the GRACE mission. These findings demonstrate that integrating SLR with GRACE enables robust detection of non-linear, climate-driven mass redistribution on a global scale and provides a physically consistent extension of satellite gravimetry records beyond the GRACE era.

Background: Pregnancy often leads to hyperlipidemia, increased water consumption, and physiological changes, affecting fetal growth and potentially reducing the chance of having low gestational age (LGA) or macrosomic babies. Aim of the study: To estimate the changes in the body composition of pregnant women throughout the various stages of pregnancy. Patients and Methods: The study involved 250 pregnant women in Mosul City, divided into two groups: 150 healthy pregnant women in different trimesters and 100 healthy non-pregnant women. The cases group had no medical problems, their body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 29.9 Kg/m2, and no history of chronic drug intake. The control group was non-pregnant healthy women. An electronic digital scale that included bioelectrical impedance analysis was used for measuring the body composition in both cases and control groups (Beurer wellbeing BF105, Germany), and the serum adiponectin hormone level was estimated using the human adiponectin ELISA kit (Bioassay Technology Laboratory, China). Results: The mean age was 25.81±6.07 for the pregnant group and 29.68±8.24 for the control group. Adiponectin levels were higher in the cases group compared to the controls but with no significance. The bio-electrical impendence analysis showed a significant association between the groups regarding fat mass percentage. Adiponectin levels had no significant correlation with body water mass and fat mass percentages. Conclusion: As pregnancy progresses, fat mass increases while total body water decreases, and the Adiponectin levels and fat mass are inversely correlated.

Two-stage absorption lithium bromide (Li-Br) refrigeration technology can utilize low-temperature heat sources to achieve refrigeration, thus it holds promising application prospects in the utilization of low-temperature waste heat. However, the performance of two-stage lithium bromide absorption chillers during variable operating conditions is difficult to accurately predict, necessitating further research. Unlike existing simulation-based studies, this paper employs an experimental approach for the first time to investigate the variable-condition performance of a two-stage lithium bromide absorption chiller. A 10 kW two-stage absorption Li-Br chiller was tested under variable operating conditions, including variations in chilled water outlet temperature, cooling water inlet temperature, hot water inlet temperature, and hot water flow rate. The experimental results indicate that each 1 °C increase in the chilled water outlet temperature leads to an additional 0.282 kW in cooling capacity and a 0.0071 increase in coefficient of performance (COP). Similarly, a 1 °C decrease in the cooling water inlet temperature results in a 0.366 kW increase in cooling capacity and a 0.0055 improvement in COP. When the hot water inlet temperature rises by 1 °C, the cooling capacity increases by 0.324 kW, while the COP remains nearly unchanged. Furthermore, a 10% increase in the hot water mass flow rate enhances the cooling capacity by approximately 5% and improves the COP by about 1%.

Abstract. Observations, models and theory have suggested that ocean fronts are ecological hotspots, generally associated with higher diversity and biomass across many trophic levels. Nutrient injections are often associated with higher chlorophyll concentrations at fronts, but the response of the zooplankton community is still insufficiently understood. The present study investigates mesozooplankton stocks and composition during late spring, northeast of Menorca, along two north-south transects that crossed the North Balearic Front separating central waters of the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea gyre from peripheral waters originating from the Algerian basin. During the BioSWOT-Med campaign, vertical triple-net tows with 200 and 500 µm meshes were carried out at three depths (100, 200, and 400 m), and the samples were processed with ZooScan to classify organisms into eight taxonomic groups. Zooplankton distributions were analyzed for the surface layer (0–100 m), a mid-depth layer (100–200 m), and a deeper layer (200–400 m). The results did not show a significant increase in biomass in the front in any layers. The NBF appears to act as a boundary between communities rather than a pronounced area of active or passive zooplankton accumulation. Analyses of stratified vertical distributions of zooplankton highlighted distinct taxonomic compositions in the three layers, and a progressive homogenization of community structure with depth, reflecting a weaker impact of hydrological processes on deeper communities. The clearest impact of the front was within the upper 100 m, where the mesozooplanktonic taxonomic composition differed between the front and adjacent water masses, with a decrease in all taxonomic groups except Cnidaria, which increased dramatically. In the two deeper layers, the front also influenced community composition, although to a lesser extent, with marked increases in Foraminifera and Cnidaria. Moreover, the northern water mass and the front were dominated by large copepods, while the southern water mass exhibited higher zooplankton diversity and smaller-sized copepods. The results of this study highlight the complexity of processes shaping planktonic communities over time and space in the NBF zone and its adjacent waters. These processes include zooplankton stock reduction in the transitional post-bloom period, marked effect of diel variation linked to vertical migrations, and potentially the impact of storm-related mixing in the surface layer that can disrupt established ecological patterns.

Abstract. Long-term time series of dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements from the upper 500 m of the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA), collected over a period of up to 15 years at three different mooring sites, reveal recurring extreme low-oxygen events lasting for several weeks. Similarly, observations from 15 individual meridional ship sections between 6 and 12° N along 23° W show DO concentrations far below 60 µmol kg−1 in the upper 200 m – significantly lower than the climatological values in this depth range (&gt;80 µmol kg−1). Two-third of these low-oxygen events could be related with high-baroclinic-mode vorticies (HBVs) with their cores located well below the mixed layer. Despite the energetic equatorial circulation and the expected dominance of wave-like structures in the near-equatorial region, these HBVs persist as relatively long-lived and coherent features. Based on moored and shipboard observations from the ETNA, and supported by an eddy-resolving ocean-biogeochemistry model, we characterize their dynamics and DO distribution. Observed water mass properties and model analyses suggest that most HBVs originate from the eastern boundary and can persist for more than six months. As they propagate westward into regions of higher potential vorticity (PV), anticyclonic HBVs with low-PV cores remain more effectively isolated and have longer lifespans compared to cyclonic HBVs with high-PV core. The vertical structure of the dominant anticyclonic HBVs corresponds to baroclinic modes 4–10, with associated Rossby radii ranging from 34 to 13 km, respectively. This is consistent with observed eddy sizes and is well below the corresponding 1st baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation (&gt;100 km). Since none of the observed HBVs exhibit a surface signature, a substantial portion of the near-equatorial eddy field may remain undetected by satellites, yet still exert significant influence on local ocean ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles.

New data on distribution, ecology, and size composition of rex sole Glyptocephalus zachirus in the northwestern Bering Sea in summer are presented. Fish of this species were recorded at the depths of 120–718 m, mainly within the warm Intermediate water mass, under water temperature of 2.6–4.9 о C at the bottom, with the maximum of distribution density in the bathymetric range of 200–400 m. The fish of 11–49 cm in length prevailed in the trawl catches. The juveniles avoided shelf areas and dwelled in the upper bathyal layer only. The main habitat of rex sole is supposedly subjected to influence of the warm Navarin Current.

ABSTRACT Internal Solitary Waves (ISWs) play a crucial role in vertical mixing and energy redistribution, influencing regional circulation in the Indonesian seas and water mass exchange with the Indian Ocean. The Lombok Strait, the principal southern exit passage of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), is a key hotspot of ISW activity, yet the mechanisms governing its variability remain poorly understood. This study integrates five years (2015–2020) of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) detections with Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) reanalysis data to examine the temporal – frequency characteristics of ISWs using continuous and cross-wavelet analyses. Pearson’s correlation analysis (p < 0.005) reveals a strong negative relationship between ISW occurrence and thermocline depth, indicating enhanced wave generation under shallow thermocline conditions. ISW propagation speed (1.2–2.8 m s−1) shows a significant negative correlation with halocline depth and a positive correlation with the depth of maximum buoyancy frequency (N2), demonstrating that both the structure and strength of stratification modulate wave kinematics. Wavelet and cross-wavelet results identify dominant semi-annual (~6-month), annual (~12-month), and interannual (16–32-month) periodicities associated with monsoon-driven stratification and climate anomalies, particularly during the 2015–2016 El Niño and 2019 positive IOD. Compared with other tropical regions, such as the South China and Andaman Seas, the Lombok Strait exhibits stronger and more coherent interannual signals due to its topographic focusing and ITF-controlled stratification. These findings establish stratification as the primary control on ISW variability, providing a time – frequency framework for understanding internal wave – climate interactions and energy transport in the ITF system.

Analysis of nutrient and hydrographic patterns on the GEOTRACES Pacific Meridional Section (GP15) using PYOMPA, a new framework for water mass analysis

Biogeochemical controls on the co-occurrence of mid-depth pH and DO minima in the inner shelf of the East China Sea.

Exploring the potential of cold patches as an indicator for algal bloom occurrence and migration.

Vertical distribution of chaetognaths and their role as biological indicators of water masses in the Cape Verde frontal zone (NW Africa)

Variational microeukaryotic community diversity through wide-bound Antarctic water masses.

This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of validated prediction equations for body composition assessment using single- and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), covering studies published between 2000 and April 2025. While traditional models for estimating compartments such as total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM) have long been established, they often fail to reflect current populations and technologies. The review includes 43 studies that developed 98 unique equations for TBW, FFM, extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), body cell mass (BCM), and bone mineral content (BMC), derived using reference methods such as deuterium dilution, DXA, or multi-component models. Most equations targeted FFM and TBW, with a noticeable lack of models for ECW, ICW, and BMC. The review identifies a geographic and demographic imbalance in study populations and emphasizes the need for updated, population-specific models. It also highlights the growing use of multi-frequency BIA devices to improve estimation accuracy. The findings support the continued refinement of BIA-based prediction models for broader clinical applicability and underscore the importance of external validation across diverse populations and health conditions. Key words Bioelectrical impedance analysis " Body composition " Prediction equations " Total body water " Fat-free mass.

This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of validated prediction equations for body composition assessment using single- and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), covering studies published between 2000 and April 2025. While traditional models for estimating compartments such as total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM) have long been established, they often fail to reflect current populations and technologies. The review includes 43 studies that developed 98 unique equations for TBW, FFM, extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), body cell mass (BCM), and bone mineral content (BMC), derived using reference methods such as deuterium dilution, DXA, or multi-component models. Most equations targeted FFM and TBW, with a noticeable lack of models for ECW, ICW, and BMC. The review identifies a geographic and demographic imbalance in study populations and emphasizes the need for updated, population-specific models. It also highlights the growing use of multi-frequency BIA devices to improve estimation accuracy. The findings support the continued refinement of BIA-based prediction models for broader clinical applicability and underscore the importance of external validation across diverse populations and health conditions.

The stay of young Arab men in the harsh climate of Yakutia creates significant adaptive stress. In these conditions, it is important to study their somatotypological characteristics, which will reveal the risks of maladaptation disorders associated with the somatotype. The aim of the study was to determine the somatotypological characteristics of young Arab men studying in Yakutia. 55 young Arab men (from 17 to 21 years old), students of the NEFU Institute of Medicine, were examined. Body length and weight, chest circumferences, waist and buttocks, shoulder diameters, pelvis, transverse and anterior-posterior chest diameters were measured. The body mass index and the Rohrer index were calculated. Asthenic, normosthenic, and picnic somatotypes were determined by the Reese-Eysenck index. According to the severity of endomorphy, exomorphy, and mesomorphy scores, Heath-Carter somatotypes were established (from the bioimpedance protocol). Fat, musculoskeletal, lean, active cell mass, phase angle and degree of hydration of the body (total water, extracellular and intracellular water) were determined by bioimpedance measurement. The statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the SPSS 22.0 application software package. Nonparametric methods were used. The assessment of intergroup differences was carried out using a nonparametric method using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The predominance of persons with asthenic somatotype according to Reese-Eysenck was revealed. Somatotyping using the Heath-Carter method showed the absence of somatotype variability; all the Arab youths examined were of the mesoectomorphic type. According to the Rohrer index, people with medium and high body density dominated. The young Arab men with asthenic somatotype were characterized by significantly lower parameters of body weight, BMI, chest circumference, waist, buttocks, shoulder diameter, transverse and anterior-posterior chest diameters. An analysis of body component parameters revealed significantly lower absolute and relative values of fat mass and higher relative values of active cellular, musculoskeletal, lean mass and total water in individuals with asthenic somatotype. The predominance of the asthenic somatotype and the presence of a significant proportion of people with medium and high body density among the surveyed Arab youths may indicate that this group belongs to the arid adaptive type. The data obtained contribute to an in-depth understanding of the anatomical and anthropological characteristics of young Arab men studying in Yakutia and create the basis for subsequent scientific research.

Abstract This study proposes a novel optimization method to enhance the behavior of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems through utilizing zeotropic mixtures with temperature glide characteristics. The mixture is created by introducing a pure fluid with thermodynamic behavior similar to the target medium but capable of producing a larger temperature glide. Using R245fa as the reference fluid, the behavior of the candidates was examined through simulations and further validated on an experimental ORC test bench. Results show that the ORC system achieved its optimal behavior when the heat source, cooling water, and cycle medium mass flows are 4240 kg/h, 3000 kg/h, and 700 kg/h, respectively. Under these conditions, the turbine enthalpy drop reaches 10.29 kJ/kg, the net output power is 1.919 kW, and the thermal and exergy efficiencies are 12.6% and 3.53%, respectively. With the cycle medium flow range of 500–700 kg/h, the 0.3R134a/0.7R245fa mixture delivers consistently higher efficiencies than pure R245fa, confirming the mixture's performance advantage under practical low-temperature waste-heat conditions.