Wastewater Treatment Methods Research Articles

Modern methods of industrial wastewater treatment and softening

The growing demand for clean water has significantly increased the need for coagulants in wastewater treatment, particularly for agricultural production organizations. In response to this pressing issue, the provision of iron-rich raw materials to enterprises producing coagulants has become a critical priority. To address this challenge, the paper focuses on exploring the potential of producing coagulants from local iron ore raw materials available in the Karakalpakstan and Navoi regions. Ongoing scientific research efforts are dedicated to studying the composition of the iron ore resources in these mines and determining their potential applications. By leveraging the local iron ore deposits, this approach aims to develop a sustainable and cost-effective solution for the production of coagulants, ultimately supporting the growing demand for clean water in the agricultural sector.

Rapid and efficient degradation of organic contaminants using a microplasma electrochemistry method

A microplasma electrochemistry method can degrade various organic contaminants in a few minutes, making it a promising method for wastewater treatment.

Cascade method of wastewater treatment using various natural sorbents

In the presented paper the sorption properties of natural sorbents were studied. Quartz sand, activated carbon with a fraction of 0.3 mm and zeolite with a fraction of 0.75 mm were selected. Experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions, filtration was carried out through each of the presented sorbents, then chemical analysis was performed for residual concentration of chemical impurities in wastewater. There was also a comparison when filtering through each sorbent and cascade. The best result is filtering by cascade method, where the sorption of chemical impurities was more than 90%, which is a satisfactory result for compliance with sanitary norms.

The influence of ultrasonic exposure on the biocenosis of activated sludge from treatment facilities of domestic and industrial wastewater

Today, in the context of industrial development, an integral part is the formation of wastewater with the need for its subsequent treatment. The biological method of wastewater treatment is the most effective, safe and reliable. This method is based on the work of activated sludge, which is a biocenosis of microorganisms that absorb pollutants from wastewater. Different quantitative and qualitative composition of wastewater and physical impacts can affect the work of the biological agent - activated sludge, therefore research in this area is relevant. To increase the efficiency of biological treatment, a number of methods are used, one of which is ultrasonic exposure of sludge to increase its biochemical activity. However, this approach requires studying its effect on activated sludge microorganisms. In this research work, the effect of ultrasonic exposure on flakes and biocenoses of activated sludge from treatment facilities of various wastewaters was studied and the change in the content of heavy metals after acoustic processing of sludge was determined.

Achievement of India in the field of Bio-Technology

India has made remarkable achievements in the field of biotechnology, spanning healthcare, agriculture, industrial bioprocessing, and environmental sustainability. In healthcare, the country has emerged as a global leader in producing affordable biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, and diagnostic tools, addressing critical healthcare challenges. In agriculture, India’s expertise in genetically modified crops, crop improvement, and seed technology has revolutionized farming practices, enhancing productivity and sustainability. Industrial biotechnology has witnessed significant growth, with Indian companies excelling in enzyme production, biofuels, and waste management solutions. Additionally, India has made notable strides in environmental biotechnology, employing innovative methods for wastewater treatment, biogas production, and bioremediation. Despite challenges, India’s biotechnology sector is poised for further growth, driven by advancements in emerging technologies and collaborative efforts among stakeholders. These achievements underscore India’s potential to contribute significantly to global biotechnological innovation and address pressing societal and environmental challenges. Biotechnology refers to all those techniques which use biological processes to produce substances which can be used as medicines and in industries. It also includes all those methods (and their study) by which a species of living beings (especially human species) can be made superior. For example, making vaccines to prevent diseases, making/using bio-fertilizers, making/using biopesticides, making superior species of plants through bio-engineering, protecting the environment and biodiversity, development of DNA figure printing technology, cloning etc. all come under biotechnology. Modern biotechnological processes have their origins in the techniques used in ancient times, such as making vinegar byfermenting sugarcane juice, obtaining curd by coagulating milk, making cheese, etc. Similarly, in the field of agriculture, new varieties of seeds are prepared by hybridizing different types of plants, etc.

Development of Technology for Biological Treatment of Wastewater Contaminated with Oil and Oil Products Using Aquatic Plants and Algae

In the context of advancing "green" development and global environmental standards, there is a pressing need to focus on biological methods of wastewater treatment in Kazakhstan, particularly concerning oil pollution. This study aims to develop an optimal technological model to minimise destructive pollution of wastewater by oil products using algae and aquatic plants on the example of artificial bioponds within the Ozen field owned by "Ozenmunaigas" JSC in the Mangistau region. Through a comprehensive set of scientific methods including induction and deduction, abstraction, system analysis, synthesis, concretisation, formalisation, and generalisation, the study assesses the ecological state of water resources, identifies pollution dynamics, and evaluates the impact of algae and aquatic plants on oil-contaminated effluents. The research culminates in the development of an effective biotreatment technology to mitigate the negative effects of wastewater on water quality and enhance Kazakhstan's overall environmental landscape. Furthermore, the study explores innovative technological and management approaches to reduce pollutant concentrations, emphasizing the importance of ecosystem-based solutions and modern bio-treatment technologies. The findings hold practical significance for modernizing water treatment system, informing future preventive measures for water resource protection, and promoting the adoption of biological treatment as a viable alternative to traditional methods.

Petroleum products in wastewater and their properties

Water bodies are polluted by oil and petroleum products from various sources. The primary sources are navigation, accidents on ships and coastal areas, industrial wastewater discharges, surface wastewater from settlements, and transportation crossings of water bodies. Reducing the content of oil products in water bodies is an important task of nature protection, requiring the development of new effective methods of wastewater treatment from oil products. A systematic approach is proposed to solve this problem, including analysis of conditions of wastewater formation, study of phase-disperse composition of pollutants and their physical and chemical properties, and analysis of possible water treatment methods. According to the formation conditions, oily wastewater can be divided into domestic wastewater, surface runoff, and industrial wastewater. Depending on the formation conditions, oil products in wastewater are in different phase-disperse states with different sedimentation and aggregative stability values. Separation methods are most effective for sediment-unstable petroleum product systems and are sufficiently simple and reliable. Sedimentation stable systems of petroleum products in water need to be preliminarily destabilized. This is achieved by adding alkaline acids, mineral coagulants, or organic polyelectrolytes. Wastewater characterized by aggregative stable systems of petroleum products can be treated by degradation methods such as ozonation or sorption.

Flocculants as a means of environmental safety in the process of wastewater treatment from cutting fluids

In the modern conditions of steady industrial growth, the problem of wastewater treatment is becoming extremely urgent. For this purpose, special attention is paid to those substances that significantly enhance the processes of separation of impurities and precipitating substances. The article examines the efficiency of flocculants in the treatment of contaminated wastewater with liquid cutting fluids. The authors directly consider the mechanisms of action of flocculants and their influence on the physical and mechanical properties of wastewater, as well as the possibility of returning purified water to the production process. The article also provides an environmental analysis of the advantages of using flocculants, including reducing the toxicity of wastewater and minimizing the negative impact on the environment. The conclusions of the article can become the basis for improving and optimizing technological processes, as well as the introduction of safer and more effective methods of wastewater treatment in the context of modern environmental challenges.

Результаты экспериментальных исследований влияния электрических полей на содержание аммония в животноводческих стоках

When applying livestock wastewater to agricultural fields, it is necessary to reduce its ammonium content. In order to develop more effective methods of wastewater treatment, the authors studied the effect of electric field on the change in the concentration of ammonium nitrogen compounds in aqueous solutions (the electrolyte). Experimentalstudies were carried out on the developed installation using the principle of electrolysis. Distilled water with added ammonium nitrate was used to simulate the ammonium content in the electrolyte. The 500 ml electrolyte was placed between the electrodes and treated with direct current for 1, 3, 4, and 9 min. The studies were carried out at the NH4+ concentration in the electrolyte of 60, 90 and 300 mg/liter. When the experiment was completed, the authors determined the concentration of nitrogen compounds and the hydrogen pH of the electrolyte. It wasfound that the exposure of NH4 + aqueoussolution to the electric field leadsto a decrease in the concentration of ammonium nitrogen compounds and a change in the pH of the electrolyte from the acidic to alkaline reaction. No ammonium compounds were detected in the solution after a 9-minute treatment of the electrolyte with the NH4 + concentration of 60 and 90 mg/liter. Treatment of the solution with the NH4 + concentration of 300 mg/l for 1 min led to a decrease in the ammonium concentration to 75 mg/l. This fact indicates the viability of this method of treatment and the development of an industrialsample of technical means to treat livestock wastewater. Reducing the ammonium nitrogen concentration will decrease the ecological load on soil, ground and surface waters, and improve the quality of crops grown on the farmland, supplied with wastewater from livestock facilities. Changing the pH of electrolyte from the acid to alkaline reaction will have a positive effect on the acidic soils of the Central Non-Chernozem (Black Soil) Zone of the Russian Federation.

Eco-Friendly Purification of Heavy Metal Contaminated Wastewater Using Pomegranate Peel and Chitosan Derived Flocculant

This research explores the potential of using pomegranate peels and chitosan as a natural flocculant for pre-treating wastewater to enhance sand filtration and remove heavy metals (Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) effectively. Active compounds like tannin are extracted and purified from the pomegranate peels, then chitosan and tannin are modified to create a novel flocculant. The synthesized flocculant is characterized and its performance is evaluated through laboratory experiments, analyzing factors such as dosage, pH, and heavy metal concentration. The results of this work can provide a safe, easy, eco-friendly and cheap method of wastewater treatment.

Nanoparticle synthesis advancements and their application in wastewater treatment: A comprehensive review

The global water crisis requires effective wastewater treatment methods where conventional approaches often face challenges related to cost, recyclability, efficiency, and overall effectiveness. In this regard, the significantly small size, large surface area, and enhanced photocatalytic properties of recently developed nanoparticles have opened new avenues for wastewater treatment. This comprehensive review focuses on recent advancements in the synthesis methods for different types of nanoparticles and nanocomposites based on metals, carbon, polymers, waste materials, and zeolites which have highly sustainable and innovative results in wastewater treatment. The introduction of silver and gold nanoparticles has enhanced photocatalytic and biological activities. Similarly, zeolite and seaweed composites have exhibited efficient dye degradation capabilities. Eco-friendly carbon soot nanoparticles have shown promising biological activities, while nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots have exhibited long-term stability for various applications. Additionally, waste material-based calcium oxide nanoparticles and carbon quantum dot-carbon nanotube nanocomposites have also shown enhanced dye degradation activities.

An overview of the recent advances and future prospects of three-dimensional particle electrode systems for treating wastewater.

Three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical technology is considered a very effective industrial wastewater treatment method for its high treatment efficiency, high current efficiency, low energy consumption, and, especially, ability to completely mineralize nonbiodegradable organic contaminants. Particle electrodes, which are the fundamental components of 3D electrochemical technology, have multiple functions in the electrochemical reaction process. Various types of particle electrodes have been created and applied for wastewater treatment. Herein, we present a thorough analysis of the research and development of particle electrodes used for electrocatalyzing pollutants. Initially, reactor designs, factors affecting the removal efficiency of pollutants and degradation mechanisms are introduced. In particular, a detailed investigation is conducted into the selection of particle electrode materials and the roles they play in the 3D electrochemical treatment of wastewater. Subsequently, the degradation efficiency and energy consumption associated with 3D electrochemical technology for different pollutants are investigated. Finally, the directions and outlook for further studies on particle electrodes are discussed. We believe that this review will offer a useful perspective on the development and application of particle electrodes for wastewater purification.

Analysis of wastewater treatment methods from pesticide treatment

Analysis of wastewater treatment methods from pesticide treatment

Research on the Status Quo of Paint Residue Wastewater Treatment Methods

Research on the Status Quo of Paint Residue Wastewater Treatment Methods

Removal of antibiotics in constructed wetlands: a review and bibliometric analysis.

This study offers a comprehensive systematic review on the removal of antibiotics in Constructed Wetlands (CWs), evaluating their efficacy as an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment methods. Data from 82 articles were analyzed, focusing on removal rates, antibiotic types, and system configurations, including scale, vegetation, sediment, flow, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and hydraulic loading rate (HLR). The findings indicate that full-scale CWs, particularly those utilizing vegetation like Cyperus alternifolius L. and materials such as shells, zeolites, medicinal stone, and ceramics, achieved removal rates exceeding 90% for various antibiotics. The study underscores the importance of optimizing both anaerobic and aerobic conditions to enhance removal efficiency, noting that aerobic environments promote oxidative processes effective for β-lactams, while anaerobic environments facilitate reduction processes beneficial for sulfonamides. Hybrid systems combining these zones demonstrated maximal removal efficiency. This review advances the understanding of antibiotic removal in CWs, presenting them as a viable, sustainable solution to mitigate environmental impacts, preserve water quality, and protect public health. Further research is recommended to explore the impact of root types and bed configurations on removal efficiency.

NiO as a promising photocatalyst for wastewater purification: A review

Water scarcity and contamination represent critical challenges in the twenty-first century, with only a fraction of the Earth’s water being suitable for human use. Various pollutants, including heavy metals, dyes, and pharmaceuticals, compromise water quality, leading to serious environmental and health issues. Traditional wastewater treatment methods often fall short in effectively removing these contaminants. Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising solution, particularly with the use of nickel oxide (NiO) as a photocatalyst. This review explores the fundamentals of photocatalysis, the unique properties of NiO, and its applications in wastewater treatment. NiO is a great option for degrading the organic contaminants because it has a suitable band gap for light absorption and effective charge carrier separation. The synergistic effects of NiO composites with other semiconductors, such as TiO2 and ZnO, further enhance photocatalytic efficiency. Recent advancements in NiO photocatalysis indicate its potential for large-scale applications, addressing the urgent need for sustainable water purification technologies.

The potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) in the removal of paracetamol from water

While pharmaceuticals are typically found in trace amounts, their continuous discharge into the environment could eventually lead to significant, lasting concentrations, potentially harming humans, animals, and ecosystems. Studies have identified various pharmaceutical compounds, including paracetamol, in sewage treatment plants and water sources like groundwater and drinking water. Recent research has explored the effectiveness of advanced wastewater treatment methods, mainly focusing on adsorption, to remove pharmaceuticals. This report highlights the challenge of substantial oil palm waste, specifically the oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), posing disposal issues. OPEFB, as an absorbent for pollutants in wastewater, appears to be a viable solution. This study evaluates OPEFB’s capacity to adsorb paracetamol contaminants from water matrixes. It shows that 2.5 grams of OPEFB achieved a removal rate of 99.32% for paracetamol at an initial concentration of 100 ppm after 24 hours while using 5.0 grams of OPEFB resulted in a 99.28% removal rate for paracetamol at the same concentration and duration. This shows that OPEFB have the potential to eliminate pollutants from wastewater through the adsorption process effectively.

Harnessing a Ti-based MOF for selective adsorption and visible-light-driven water remediation.

In pursuit of universal access to clean water, photocatalytic water remediation using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) emerges as a strong alternative to the current wastewater treatment methods. In this study, we explore a unique Ti-based MOF comprised of 2D secondary-building units (SBUs) connected via biphenyl dicarboxylic acid (H2bpdc) ligands - denoted as COK-47 - as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst for organic dye degradation. Synthesized via a recently developed microwave-assisted method, COK-47 exhibits high hydrolytic stability, demonstrates a strong dye uptake, and shows noteworthy dye-degradation performance under UV, visible, and solar light, outperforming benchmark TiO2 and MIL-125-Ti photocatalysts. Due to its nanocrystalline structure and surface termination with organic linkers, COK-47 exhibits selective degradation of cationic pollutants while remaining inert towards anionic dyes, thus highlighting its potential for selective oxidation reactions. Mechanistic studies reveal the involvement of superoxide radicals in the degradation process and emphasize the need to minimize the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs to achieve optimal performance. Post-catalytic studies further confirm the high stability and reusability of COK-47, making it a promising photocatalyst for water purification, organic transformation, and water splitting reactions under visible light.

Nanoscience and nanotechnology for water remediation: an earnest hope toward sustainability.

Water pollution and the global freshwater crisis are the most alarming concerns of the 21st century, as they threaten the sustainability and ecological balance of the environment. The growth of global population, climate change, and expansion of industrial processes are the main causes of these issues. Therefore, effective remediation of polluted water by means of detoxification and purification is of paramount importance. To this end, nanoscience and nanotechnology have emerged as viable options that hold tremendous potential toward the advancement of wastewater treatment methods to enhance treatment efficiency along with augmenting water supply via utilization of unconventional water sources. Materials at the nano level have shown great promise toward water treatment applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties. In this focus article, we highlight the role of new fundamental properties at the nano scale and material properties that are drastically increased due to the nano dimension (e.g. volume-surface ratio) and highlight their impact and potential toward water treatment. We identify and discuss how nano-properties could improve the three main domains of water remediation: the identification of pollutants, their adsorption and catalytic degradation. After discussing all the beneficial aspects we further discuss the key challenges associated with nanomaterials for water treatment. Looking at the current state-of-the-art, the potential as well as the challenges of nanomaterials, we believe that in the future we will see a significant impact of these materials on many water remediation strategies.

Integrated method for waste water treatment using water hyacinth and its application in concrete

Integrated method for waste water treatment using water hyacinth and its application in concrete