Waste Lime Research Articles

Phosphogypsum waste lime as a promising substitute of commercial limes: A rheological approach

This paper presents the rheological properties of three types of lime putty, specifying the influence of their origin. The study aims to compare a special lime putty prepared from phosphogypsum with a commercial lime powder and an aged lime putty. The results obtained in terms of chemical composition, crystalline structure, grain size and rheological characterization, (linear viscoelasticity, shear rate and time-dependent flow behaviour) are presented in the study. Putties studied present a similar rheological response, which mainly depends on the particle size and water content. Lower values of the linear viscoelastic functions and viscosity were found for the phosphogypsum lime putty, in agreement with the higher particle size. Transient flow tests reveal a predominant elastic response with no significant shear-induced structural perturbations. However, either a thickening phenomenon over time, i.e. rheopexy, favoured at low shear rates, or a viscosity decrease, i.e. thixotropy, favoured at high shear rates, was observed.

Effects of waste lime and Chinese medicinal herbal residue amendments on physical, chemical, and microbial properties during green waste composting.

Traditional composting is time-consuming and often results in a low-quality product. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of waste lime (WL; at 0, 2.5, and 3.5%) and/or Chinese medicinal herbal residues (CMHRs; at 0, 10, and 20%) as amendments on the two-stage composting of green waste (GW). The combination of WL and CMHRs improved compost particle-size distribution and pH, decreased nitrogen loss, and increased cation exchange capacity (CEC), nutrient content, and microbial numbers. The combination of WL and CMHRs also accelerated organic matter humification and lignocellulose degradation and therefore increased the germination index of the final compost. Relative to the non-amended compost, the optimal amendment (2.5% WL and 20% CMHRs) increased the percentage of particles of ideal size from 23.8 to 66.9%, the pH from 6.69 to 7.17, the CEC from 52 to 169cmol/kg, the humic acid to fulvic acid ratio from 1.32 to 2.49, the hemicellulose degradation rate from 42 to 87%, and the cellulose degradation rate from 20 to 61%. The treatment with addition of 2.5% WL and 20% CMHRs to GW required only 21days to generate the highest quality compost product.

Investigate the Properties of Solid Waste Bottom Ash (SBA) and Lime Reinforced in Composite Bricks

This research studies on the possibility of producing a more sustainable lightweight brick. Solid waste bottom ash (SBA) and lime found in area of Ratchaburi province of Thailand were mixed into the composite brick for the replacement of fine aggregates and Portland cement contents, respectively. Effects of varied amount of SBA and local lime contents typically (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% by weight) on mechanical and physical properties of bricks were studied. Results showed that with the replacement cement and fine aggregate of 20% by weight with SBA and local lime, respectively showed the maximum values. Similarly, the thermal conductivity and density and product weight showed the maximum values at the same replacement contents. By conclusion, this application may be an interesting solution in order to improve sustainability and energy efficiency of the low cost house in local area of Thailand.

Environmentally available biowastes as substrate in microbial fuel cell for efficient chromium reduction

Dual chambered microbial fuel cells with Potassium dichromate (22 g/L, MFC-1) and tannery effluent waste water containing 26 mg/L (MFC-2), 5 mg/L (MFC-3) of Cr(VI) as catholyte, sweet lime waste inoculated by cowdung as anolyte and graphite electrodes were used to reduce toxic Cr(VI) to Cr(III) with simultaneous power generation. Cr (VI) in the cathode chamber reduced to Cr2O3 within 24 h. Complete reduction of Cr(VI) from tannery effluents by microbial fuel cell is noticed within 10 days. The 16 s rRNA sequencing studies demonstrated presence of Geobacter Metallireducens in mixed culture bacteria in anaerobic anode. The power density of the device is 396.7 mW/m2on day1which is 7.2 times higher than literature data of 55.5 mW/m2. The processes involved on the biofilm/electrolyte interface and graphite/electrolyte interface is studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Electrochemical studies demonstrated the active growth of biofilm on anode which reduces charge transfer resistance from day 1 to day 25. The concentration of Cr(VI) reduced in the present studies are approximately 1000 times higher than those reported in the literature.

Sticky rice lime mortar-inspired in situ sustainable design of novel calcium-rich activated carbon monoliths for efficient SO2 capture

Abstract In the present study, a facile and eco-friendly strategy is developed for in situ conversion of waste lime mud and sawdust to valuable calcium-rich activated carbon monoliths (Ca-ACM) in the presence of sticky rice. The obtained “green hybrid bodies” can exhibit superior compressive strength of 18 MPa, water resistance for more than 60 days, and SO2 removal efficiency up to 93.6%. The SO2 adsorption capacity of Ca-ACM was evaluated to be 57.1 mg/g in a fixed bed reactor. The remarkable performance of Ca-ACM could be a result of synergetic desulfurization behaviors derived from the integrated activated carbons and Ca-based components, as well as the compact microstructure that is similar to the biomimetic mineralization system of sticky rice lime mortar. The newly developed Ca-ACM is a promising cost-effective (∼CNY 4.88/kg) alternative to comparable commercial activated carbons that can be used as a clean and ecologically compatible adsorbent for SO2 capture. The route for direct massive utilization of lime mud as an indispensable component for making functional adsorbent reported herein is very beneficial to lime mud waste recycling, SO2 pollution control, and sustainable growth of papermaking industry.

Microstructure of Non-Sintered Inorganic Binder using Phosphogypsum and Waste Lime as Activator

Microstructure of Non-Sintered Inorganic Binder using Phosphogypsum and Waste Lime as Activator

Evaluación del proceso de desencalado de residuos de descarnes de un proceso de curtición

El proceso productivo de transformación de las pieles en cuero desarrollado en la industria curtiente genera diferentes tipos de residuos que deben tener un adecuado manejo. Esta investigación consistió en buscar un tratamiento de separación de cal de los residuos de descarne de la etapa de desencalado del proceso de curtición que le permitan ser aprovechados en diferentes usos. Se seleccionaron descarnes encalados, para la aplicación de 6 tratamientos con tres repeticiones de desencalado mediante baños con agua a temperatura ambiente controlando los factores tiempo en 3 niveles (2,3 y 4 Horas) y ácido sulfúrico como agente desencalante en dos niveles (1 y 2 N) . Los mejores resultados en este proceso se obtuvieron con el tratamiento con una concentración de ácido sulfúrico al 2N y un tiempo de agitación de 3 horas.

Functional orange juice enriched with encapsulated polyphenolic extract of lime waste and hesperidin

SummaryPolyphenolic extract from lime waste and hesperidin were encapsulated to reduce the bitter taste of flavonoid glycosides, mitigate destruction of nutrients during heat process and increase the nutrition value of orange juice. The properties of polyphenolic extract of lime waste, encapsules, the physicochemical and the sensory factors of enriched orange juice during storage were measured. The value of yield of the process (Y) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) was obtained within the range of 85–90% and 59–71%, respectively. The particle size of samples was reported within the range of 27–41 μm. The physicochemical properties in treatments follow the same pattern when compared with the control sample in 60‐day storage. In the sensory assessment, encapsulated formulas were considered to have the best treatment. If the hesperidin was not encapsulated, 80% of it would have been destroyed during pasteurisation, while when encapsulated, only 18.8–33.18% of hesperidin was destroyed.

Interactions between Simulant Vitrified Nuclear Wastes and high pH solutions: A Natural Analogue Approach

ABSTRACTThis study details the characterization of a glass sample exposed to hyperalkaline water and calcium-rich sediment for an extended time period (estimated as 2 - 70 years) at a lime (CaO) waste site in the UK. We introduce this site, known as Peak Dale, in reference to its use as a natural analogue for nuclear waste glass dissolution in the high pH environment of a cementitious engineered barrier of a geological disposal facility. In particular, a preliminary assessment of alteration layer chemistry and morphology is described and the initiation of a long-term durability assessment is outlined.

Heavy metal stabilization in contaminated soil by treatment with calcined cockle shell.

In several previous studies, the efficacy of various liming waste materials on the immobilization of heavy metals has been tested and it was found that soils contaminated with heavy metals can be stabilized using this technique. Since lime (CaO) has been identified as the main phase of calcined cockle shell (CCS), it was hypothesized that CCS could be used as a soil amendment to immobilize heavy metals in soil. However, to date, no studies have been conducted using CCS. In this study, the effectiveness of CCS powder on the immobilization of Cd, Pb, and Zn in mine tailing soil was evaluated. After 28days of incubation, the treated soil samples were exposed to weathering (four cycles of freezing-thawing and four cycles of wetting-drying) for 8days before being subjected to a leaching test. The results of this study revealed that the soil pH increased from 7.5 to 12.2 with the addition of 5% CCS. A similar soil pH was obtained when the soil was amended with 5% pure CaO. By leaching with 0.1M HCl, extracted Cd, Pb, and Zn were reduced by up to 85, 85, and 91%, respectively. Therefore, CCS is suggested as a low-cost lime-based soil amendment for stabilizing heavy metals in abandoned mining sites.

Synergetic Effect of Cationic Polymers on Water Repellency of Cellulosic Fiber Network Paper Filled with Waste Lime Sludge

Lime sludge is commonly generated from the pulping waste liquor in alkali recovery of paper industry. It would cause a significant decrease in the alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) sizing efficiency as used to be the filler for cellulosic fiber networks paper. In the present work, Polyamide-Polyamine-Epichlorohydrin (PAE), Polyetherimide (PEI) and chitosan were used as sizing promoters for addressing the above issue. Results showed that the sizing degree of paper filled with 26% lime sludge could be increased by 83.4%, 68.9% and 49.7%, respectively, at the optimal dosage of PAE, PEI and chitosan. Curing time and curing temperature also had significant impacts on the efficiency of the three sizing promoters. All the three sizing promoters could remove the anionic trash in the wet end. Moreover, PAE could promote the reaction between AKD particles and cellulosic fibers.

Stabilization of the urban sludge from sewage plants using carbide lime waste

Stabilization of the urban sludge from sewage plants using carbide lime waste

폐석회 매립지반의 지반공학적 특성 및 압밀침하량산정

이 연구의 목적은 소다회 생산과정에서 발생한 매립지의 압밀특성을 연구하는데 있다. 소다회를 생산하는 과정에서 발생하는 부산물의 주요성분은 대부분 석회석이다. 이 연구는 우선 폐석회의 압밀특성을 파악하기 위해 시추조사를 통한 불교란 시료를 채취하여 실내실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 폐석회는 소성이 큰 유기질토로 분류되었으며, 유기물 함유량 시험결과 폐석회에 함유된 유기물 함량은 일반 점토에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 또한, 이론적인 방법과 압밀해석 프로그램에 의하여 폐석회의 압밀침하량과 이차침하량을 산정하였다. The purpose of this study is to examine the consolidation characteristics of waste landfill from sodium carbonate production. The waste lime is a byproduct from the production of soda ash. The consolidation settlement of waste lime landfill was determined for waste lime specimen which obtained from the field boring. The consolidation tests are conducted for determination of the primary and secondary consolidation settlements. The waste lime is classified as an organic soil with high plasticity. As a result of an organic content test, the contents of organic matter in waste lime is much higher than that of normal clay. Finally, the total consolidation settlement of waste lime landfill is calculated by using a theoretical method and computer program for the given initial void ratio, compression index, and embankment height.

Study for Phytostabilization using Soil Amendment and Aster koraiensis Nakai in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil of Abandoned Metal Mine

The objectives of this study were to select optimal soil amendments through analysis of heavy metal availability in soil and uptake to Aster koraiensis Nakai for forest rehabilitation of heavy metal contaminated soil of abandoned metal mine. A. koraiensis was cultivated for 6 months at contaminated soil with several soil treatments (bottom ash 1 and 2%, fly ash 1 and 2%, waste lime+oyster 1 and 2%, Acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) 10 and 20%, compost 3.4%, non-contaminated natural forest soil, and control). The analysis results of heavy metal concentrations in the soil by Mehlich-3 mehthod, growth and heavy metal concentrations of A. koraiensis showed that waste oyster+lime 1% and compost were more effective than the other amendments for phytostabilization. However, it is needed comprehensive review of factors such as on-site condition, slope covering to reduce soil erosion and vegetation introduction from surround forest for revegetation to apply forest rehabilitation.

Influence of curing conditions on engineering properties of controlled low strength material made with cementless binder

As an evaluation of the use of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) in highway construction applications (e.g., backfill, utility bedding, void fill and bridge approaches), the need for adequate curing conditions of CLSM cannot be overemphasized. The aim of this paper is to assess the influence of different curing conditions on the engineering properties of CLSM using ponded ash as fine aggregate and Cementless Binder (CB). CB is manufactured with granulated blast-furnace slag and other alkali activators (e.g., phosphogypsum and waste lime). It was used a binder material to replace Portland cement fully in the CLSM production. Various CSLM mixtures were prepared with variable ranges of water to CB ratios (W/CB) and tested through a series of laboratory experiments. A good flowability of higher than 20 cm was first confirmed for all CLSM mixtures by flow tests as reported in the American Concrete Institute (ACI 229R). Subsequently, in order to evaluate influence of curing conditions to engineering properties of CLSM, the following tests including Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and thermal conductivity were performed. Herein, in addition to UCS, thermal conductivity of CLSM was considered due to the fact that in highway construction, the breakdown of cable insulation can be unexpectedly caused if heat generated from transmission of underground power cables could not be discharged effectively through the backfill material. The prepared CLSM specimens were subjected to three different curing conditions: wet chamber curing with the relative humidity of 100% (WCC-RH100); wet chamber curing with the relative humidity of 50% (WCC-RH50) and Saturated Curing (SC). As a result, it was observed that the curing environments significantly affected the UCS and thermal conductivity of CLSM mixtures. In particular, the wet chamber curing conditions (WCC-RH100 and WCC-RH50) led to higher compressive strength but lower thermal conductivity than those of mixtures cured at the SC condition. This finding is very important when determining a proper curing condition playing a significant role in achieving optimum performance and full potential from the given CLSM mixtures in highway construction.

Utilization of milk of lime (MOL) originated from carbide lime waste and operating parameters optimization study for potential precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) production

Vast amounts of carbide lime waste generated as a by-product of acetylene gas production require urgent utilization to avert handling and disposal difficulties. The carbide lime waste is often rich in calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), rendering it an alternative potential precursor for precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) production. The study demonstrated that suspension of carbide lime can be utilized to synthesize PCC at favorable conditions. The characteristics and crystal morphology of the lime and as-synthesized PCC were determined using X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscope. The influencing reaction parameters based on temperature, flow rate, total dissolved solid and carbide lime concentration were investigated. Under specific reaction conditions of 2 M carbide lime concentration, final pH of 6.98, 90 min, and 452.30 mL/min CO2 flowrate, high purity of 99 % PCC was attained. The produced PCC from carbide lime meets end user requirement on a par with conventional PCC products.

Effects of Soil Neutralizing Treatments on Soil Characteristics and Growth of Aster koraiensis in the Acid Soil of Abandoned Metal Mine

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of soil neutralizing treatments on soil characteristics and growth of Aster koraiensis in the acid soil of abandoned metal mine for selection of proper neutralizer. The most effective neutralizers were acid mine drainage sludge, waste lime + oyster and compost. Those neutralizing treatments showed promoting growth of Aster koraiensis. According to this study, it is applicable of acid mine drainage sludge, waste lime + oyster and compost to neutralize acid soil for rehabilitation in abandoned metal mine. However, follow-up study is necessary to calculate proper ratio of each neutralizer.

An Experimental Investigation on Lime Waste Water by Partial Replacement of Natural Water in Cement Concrete MIX

An Experimental Investigation on Lime Waste Water by Partial Replacement of Natural Water in Cement Concrete MIX

Ca2 + and OH− release of ceramsites containing anorthite and gehlenite prepared from waste lime mud

Lime mud is a kind of solid waste in the papermaking industry, which has been a source of serious environmental pollution. Ceramsites containing anorthite and gehlenite were prepared from lime mud and fly ash through the solid state reaction method at 1050°C. The objective of this study was to explore the efficiency of Ca2+ and OH− release and assess the phosphorus and copper ion removal performance of the ceramsites via batch experiments, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that Ca2+ and OH− were released from the ceramsites due to the dissolution of anorthite, gehlenite and available lime. It is also concluded that gehlenite had stronger capacity for Ca2+ and OH− release compared with anorthite. The Ca2+ release could be fit well by the Avrami kinetic model. Increases of porosity, dosage and temperature were associated with increases in the concentrations of Ca2+ and OH− released. Under different conditions, the ceramsites could maintain aqueous solutions in alkaline conditions (pH=9.3–10.9) and the release of Ca2+ was not affected. The removal rates of phosphorus and copper ions were as high as 96.88% and 96.81%, respectively. The final pH values of both phosphorus and copper ions solutions changed slightly. The reuse of lime mud in the form of ceramsites is an effective strategy.

Evaluation of sugar mill lime waste in biobased epoxy composites

In this study, precipitated calcium carbonate‐lime waste (LW) from sugar beet production was recycled as a raw material for the preparation of composite materials. Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was used as a co‐matrix in 50 wt% with bisphenol A‐type epoxy resin (ER). The composites were prepared with LW in varied per cent values (10 − 50 wt%) using the casting technique. The morphology of the composites was characterized by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Effects of ESO and LW amounts on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. Modification with ESO remarkably enhanced the plasticity of the material, but decreased the curing degree about 2%. The modified ER shows about 13% increase in elongation at break over the pure epoxy matrix. Density and hardness of neat epoxy matrices were observed to increase with the LW content in the composite. Tensile strengths of all composites are higher than that obtained with neat epoxy. The thermogravimetric analyses show that ESO and LW significantly improve the thermal stability of neat ER at the temperatures above 300°C. The best thermal results were obtained with the composites containing 40‐ and 50 wt% LW. The residual weights of the composites are higher than that of neat ER and ER‐ESO, and increases with the increasing LW amount. The T5, T10 and T50 data of the composites are higher than those of neat ER and ER‐ESO. The water sorption values of the ER‐ESO matrix composites are in the range of 1.0 − 2.9 wt%. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:924–935, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers