Wartime Conditions Research Articles (Page 1)

Ukraine continues to face problems of ensuring safety in the territories affected by hostilities, where many radiation-hazardous facilities are located and radioactive sources are used or stored. These include in particular, plant under decommissioning and other facilities at the site of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, the sites of the national radioactive waste (RW) management operator, and other facilities linked to RW management inside and around the Chornobyl exclusion zone (CEZ). Regulating the safety of such facilities during wartime is an unprecedented task. Problematic issues are related to the temporary occupation by military forces, the aftermath of fighting such as unexploded shells and mines, and the continuing risk of shelling and missiles that pose threats to safety supervision. The radiation risks are linked to possible damage and theft of equipment, loss of control over RW packages, violations of the operating rules at the facilities, difficulties in delivering personnel to the facilities, and partial evacuation of personnel. At the same time, the situation is made complicated by continuing military risks and the loss of normal logistical capabilities. The regulator State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine, in collaboration with its technical support organisation, the State Scientific and Technical Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety and with support from the Norwegian radiation and nuclear safety authority, has developed approaches and procedures for regulating the safety of facilities and activities within the CEZ during wartime, at the time of active armed conflict and addressing the aftermath following de-occupation. This approach was developed in the absence of global experience in regulating safety under such conditions and can be applied as further areas are de-occupied and hostilities cease. This article aims to share with the international community unique Ukrainian experience in maintaining safety principles and provisions in wartime conditions and handling licensing matters during the hostilities and after liberation of the occupied territories.

Background. The growing number of losses due to war, the COVID-19 pandemic, and social crises underscores the need to differentiate between normal and pathological grief. Delayed diagnosis of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) increases the risk of depression, suicidality, and psychosomatic disorders. Objective: to systematize theoretical concepts and empirical research for distinguishing normal and pathological grief, and to analyze the mental health of individuals who lost a loved one due to the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, with a subsequent assessment of potential mental disorders and the effectiveness of modern therapeutic approaches, including pharmacological interventions. Materials and methods. This study integrates a review of scholarly literature from various scientific databases (2014–2024) and findings of own clinical observations. A total of 96 patients aged 25–55 who had experienced a loss were clinically examined. The Traumatic Grief Inventory-Self Report Plus (TGI-SR+) was used for initial scre-ening. 58 patients met the criteria for PGD according to the TGI-SR+ and were further evaluated using the Montgomery-sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) to assess depressive symptoms. Results. PGD was confirmed as a distinct diagnostic category with well-defined criteria. Its core features include persistent emotional suffering, anxiety symptoms, and social maladjustment persisting six months after the loss. The literature review supports the effectiveness of combining psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions. In this study, PGD patients were stratified into two subgroups based on MADRS scores: group 1 — moderate depression (n = 31; MADRS 24.42 ± 2.17), group 2 — mild depression (n = 37; MADRS 12.41 ± 2.82). All patients received escitalopram: up to 20 mg in group 1 and up to 10 mg in group 2. One month after treatment initiation, MADRS scores significantly decreased in both groups: to 8.06 ± 1.80 in group 1 and to 4.68 ± 1.48 in group 2 (p < 0.05). Conclusions. A deeper understanding of loss and the grieving process enables timely diagnosis of pathological grief. Under wartime conditions, families of the deceased and mis-sing people often experience intense grief that, when prolonged, can develop into PGD. In such cases, antidepressant support may be appropriate. Escitalopram proved effective in alleviating depressive symptoms associated with PGD.

Introduction . Forensic examinations of living persons in cases of sexual violence hold significant importance in forensic medical practice. During the 1930s–1940s, forensic gynecological examinations were governed by regulations, while Soviet criminal law prescribed severe punishments for sexual crimes, particularly those involving minors. Objective is to examine the history of forensic gynecological examinations in Sverdlovsk during 1941–1944. Materials and methods . The study utilized unpublished forensic medical reports and archival documents from the Department of Forensic Medicine at Sverdlovsk State Medical Institute (1941–1944). Historical analysis methods were employed, including comparative-historical, chronological approaches and the principle of objectivity. Results and discussion . From 1941–1944, 205 forensic gynecological examinations were performed (15.65 % of total forensic outpatient visits). No suspect examinations were conducted before 1944. The lowest number of cases occurred in 1943, with most crimes committed by adolescents against underage girls and young women aged 14–18. Examination numbers declined from late 1941 through 1944, followed by a sharp increase in group offenses. Injury documentation was often insufficient, permitting only confirmation of trauma without precise determination of timing or mechanism. Conclusion . A high proportion of sexual crimes involved adolescent perpetrators and underage victims. The 1944 surge in group offenses reflected wartime conditions: evacuation, overcrowding, and inadequate supervision. Educational initiatives in schools, factories, and vocational institutions (1944–1945), combined with stricter penalties, contributed to reducing such crimes.

Aim. To summarize current scientific approaches to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the context of war and emergencies. Materials and Methods. A narrative review was conducted to analyze changes in risk factors, access to medical care, and the effectiveness of MetS prevention during wartime. The analysis included sources from WHO, IDF, ADA, AACE, NICE, open-access databases, and the authors’ own data. Results. A comparison of all levels of MetS prevention during peacetime and emergencies showed that war leads to decreased access to healthcare, increased psychosocial stress, poorer nutrition, and reduced physical activity. These factors hinder both primary prevention and treatment at the secondary and tertiary levels. Consequently, the risk of MetS development increases, and the management of its components, hypertension, insulin resistance/diabetes, and dyslipidemia, becomes more challenging. However, the introduction of telemedicine, mobile medical teams, and simplified screening algorithms helps to partially address these issues. Based on the literature review, specific recommendations for MS prevention in crisis settings were developed. Conclusions. Metabolic syndrome is a complex clinical and biochemical condition associated with a high risk of complications. Its prevention during war and emergencies requires a multi-level, systemic approach that takes into account pathogenesis, comorbidities, psycho-emotional burden, and limited access to resources. The proposed system includes both general clinical principles proven effective in practice and a structured model of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Its implementation enables the adaptation of care delivery to crisis settings, reduces the risk of complications, and helps preserve population health even in wartime conditions.

The aim of the article is to assess the potential consequences for the population of Ukraine, which has been living under wartime conditions for an extended period, based on an analysis of existing scientific literature on the effects of chronic stress on cellular and molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. This article examines the impact of chronic stress and war-induced anxiety on the formation and development of cancer cells. The biological and cellular mechanisms by which stress contributes to carcinogenesis are highlighted, including hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, increased levels of cortisol and adrenaline, impaired immune response and increased inflammation. A review of international studies and meta-analyses over the last seven years demonstrating the association between stress and increased cancer risk in different populations is presented. Special attention is paid to extrapolation of the data to the situation in Ukraine, taking into account the peculiarities of the military conflict and socio-economic conditions. Prevention and support strategies are discussed, including psychological care, psychosocial interventions and the role of volunteer organisations. Emphasis is placed on the need for a multidisciplinary approach and further research to develop effective cancer risk reduction measures in the context of military stress. The article is particularly relevant because in war conditions, populations experience high levels of chronic stress, which can have serious health consequences, in particular contributing to the development of cancer. Stress through neuroendocrine and immune pathways affects cellular processes, in particular proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis, which may contribute to the development of cancer cells. In Ukraine, where more than 30% of the population is experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder, the situation is exacerbated by the shortage of health services due to military action. This increases the risk of developing cancer due to lack of or inadequate early detection of tumors and limited access to treatment. Forecasts indicate that cancer incidence could increase by 10–15% in the coming years, placing additional demands on the medical system. To minimize the negative impact of stress on health, it is necessary to implement comprehensive measures, including psychological support, health care modernization and interventions aimed at reducing stress and post-traumatic stress disorder. Particularly important are mental health programmes that include cognitive-behavioural therapy, as well as recovery of cancer services and early diagnosis. Consequently, the integration of psychological and medical support, as well as research to develop adaptive prevention and treatment strategies, is needed to reduce cancer risks in war settings.

The article examines the latest technologies in career management within the public service, focusing on their role in enhancing operational efficiency and employee well-being during both stable and crisis periods. The author identifies the growing need for adaptive, human-centered digital tools under wartime conditions in Ukraine. The research contributes to solving the problem of aligning technological innovation with institutional resilience and sustainable governance. Scientific novelty lies in proposing a context-sensitive evaluation radar for technology-driven career management in public institutions that balances efficiency and well-being. The practical significance is the development of evaluation metrics applicable to crisis environments. The conclusions emphasize the necessity of digital transformation and the use of advanced HR technologies to strengthen public service resilience.

Purpose. To propose improvements in legal norms in the field of information security (IS). To substantiate the need to improve the legal categories IS. To establish the need to coordinate the course towards European integration in the field of information law in wartime conditions, provide legal substantiation for punishment for participation in information warfare on the side of the aggressor. Methodology. The method of induction and deduction made it possible to indicate that information warfare (IW) necessitates the need to expand the concept of IS and the interpretation of “cybersecurity” as its subcategory. The hermeneutic method allowed proposing the definition of legal categories in the field of IS. The method of comparative analysis allowed proposing improvements in the norms of information law and providing legal substantiation for punishment for participation in information warfare on the side of the aggressor. Findings. It is indicated that IW necessitates the need to expand the interpretation of the IS category. Security of information, “cybersecurity” should be defined as a component of IS. It is noted that IS is implemented as a balance in the conditions of constant active counteraction, one of the aspects of which is legal counteraction to information aggression. Not only the absence of a holistic national IS-system is indicated, but also the insufficiency of its systemic support. It is noted that the uncertainty of legal norms causes an increase in the discretionary powers of the judicial branch of government in the field of protecting the human right to information, which increases the responsibility for the democracy level in the country. Originality. The legal expansion of the definition of information as an object of protection to its definition as an instrument of harm is substantiated. It is indicated that the process of integration of legal norms of the EU and Ukraine necessitates the need for counter changes in EU legislation taking into account Ukraine’s experience in countering IW. The definition of legal categories of IS provided. Practical value. The proposed changes to legal norms and improvement of legal categories will contribute to reducing the level of uncertainty in the field IS.

The study focuses on assessing the current state and future prospects of motivational support systems in Ukraine’s road construction sector, with particular emphasis on their role in strengthening innovation potential during wartime conditions and post-crisis recovery. The object of the research is the motivational support systems of employees in enterprises of the road construction industry of Ukraine. The aim of the study is to identify motivational gaps between the actual and target levels of motivation and to determine the directions and principles on the basis of which a framework model for increasing the motivational support index (MSI) can be developed in future research. It was established that the innovation potential index (IPI) of Ukrainian companies remains consistently high and corresponds to the findings of the Global Innovation Index, where Ukraine held leading positions in 2021–2024 in terms of the innovation efficiency ratio. However, this potential is largely underutilized due to insufficient motivational support. The calculation of the motivational gap index (MGI), defined as the normalized difference between innovation potential (≈ 0.6) and the actual level of motivation (≈ 0.4), yielded MGI ≈ 0.33, indicating a substantial human resource reserve that remains unengaged within the current HR system. The study develops an integrated motivation model aimed at enhancing the MSI, capable of functioning effectively under resource constraints while remaining consistent with contemporary global HR and ESG trends. The proposed model may serve as a roadmap for identifying and reducing motivational gaps, increasing employee engagement, and strengthening the competitiveness of Ukraine’s road construction sector. Thus, the results of the study have not only theoretical significance but also practical value for optimizing HR practices in the industry.

The aim of the study is to examine structural differences in household expenditures, to classify households by income level and socio-demographic characteristics in order to identify disparities in their consumption capabilities, to highlight those most vulnerable to crises and shocks, and to develop recommendations for state social policy. The survey on the socioeconomic situation of households, in which the authors were directly involved, made it possible to fill the informational gap caused by the discontinuation of the Household Living Conditions Survey, which had been conducted by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine since 1999. A database was created, and indicators were calculated to characterize various aspects of household living conditions. Poverty levels were calculated for various household types using two criteria: the absolute criterion (based on the actual subsistence minimum) and the relative criterion (75% of the median level of total equivalent expenditures). The results of the study reveal significant structural differences in consumption expenditures between poor and non-poor households, as well as between households with children and those without. Among families with children, large families are in the most disadvantaged position. The study found that, under wartime conditions, households are forced to reduce their consumption of certain goods and services, leading to a decline in living standards — especially for the most vulnerable segments of the population. At the same time, the research shows that households with higher income levels have greater flexibility in their spending, allowing them to better adapt to crisis conditions. The structure of total expenditures was analyzed for families with different compositions in the pre-war year of 2021 and during the second year of the war. It was found that compared to 2021, spending on food, healthcare, and household goods has increased significantly, while spending on clothing and footwear has increased to a lesser extent. Conversely, there has been a sharp decline in the share of expenditures on personal subsidiary farming, financial assistance to relatives, real estate purchases, major home repairs, housing construction, the purchase of stocks and foreign currency, and bank deposits. Per capita food consumption indicators were calculated for families with and without children, including families with one child, two children, and three or more children. The expenditure structure of families at higher risk of poverty and vulnerability was also analyzed, including families with children and persons with disabilities, families with children and elderly or disabled members, families with children where all adults are incapable of working, and internally displaced persons families. The research methodology includes the use of statistical methods to analyze data obtained from the Household Living Conditions Survey, which is representative of the entire population of Ukrainian households. Methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, systems approach, classification, structural analysis, and the index method were also employed. The findings of this study can be useful for developing recommendations on social policy and support measures for the most vulnerable population groups, as well as for designing effective crisis response strategies. The study also provides new approaches to understanding the socio-economic consequences of war for the consumption capacity of different types of families in Ukraine.

This article examines the impact of the Russo-Ukrainian war onthe Prague tango community. For six years, the author has been attendinglocal milongas (social tango dance gatherings), and for the last five years, hasdeveloped an ethnography of Prague’s tango life, using soundscape analysisas a heuristic tool, and correlating the collected data with the translocal phenomenonof tango. The specific ways of experiencing wartime conditions andsharing solidarity which have arisen at the Prague milongas in response tothe events in Ukraine have been identified. In addition to directly supportingUkraine through donations, the soundscape of “the effects of war” appearsto confront part of the community with the transience of the tango experience.

The article is dedicated to examining the psychological well-being characteristics of youth in wartime conditions and justifying the method of positive psychotherapy in enhancing its level. By summarizing some theoretical sources, it was determined that psychological wellbeing is an important factor in the formation and successful functioning of the individual. It is viewed through positive aspects of personal functioning and reflects the individual's experiences of such aspects of personal existence as autonomy, competence in communication with others, the ability for personal growth, self-acceptance, and the experience of lifeawareness. The negative impact of military actions on the personality of young people was revealed, leading to the manifestation of negative emotions, the destruction of life prospects, a sense of security, stability, and, in general, a decrease in the level of psychological well-being.This highlights the need to study the factors of positive personal functioning, the development of personal potential, life prospects, values, personal growth, positive attitude, and selfperception, and to find methods that effectively address these issues. Using a number of psychological methods, a diagnosis of the psychological characteristics of well-being of young people in wartime conditions was conducted. The results of the diagnosis indicated a predominance of low life satisfaction and a high level of negative emotions (anxiety, fear, depression, restlessness, hopelessness, etc.). It is substantiated that the method of positive psychotherapy, which is aimed at activating and mobilizing a person's strengths and resourcesfor making positive decisions, is effective in enhancing the level of psychological well-being of youth. Positive psychotherapy techniques are based on the use of various practices aimed at developing self-awareness, and actively using positive thinking, which helps find positivity andsolutions to difficulties and complex life situations, promotes personal growth, and forms a positive worldview. The method is directed towards the development of abilities and personal potential. The prospects for further research lie in the in-depth study of factors influencingpsychological well-being and the search for and development of effective psychological methods for its development.

The article is devoted to a comprehensive legal analysis of regulatory gaps in defining and customs clearance of the status of Ukrainian vehicles (VHs) that were taken out of Ukraine during the full-scale war and temporarily registered in the jurisdiction of foreign states. Due to the mass evacuation of citizens to European Union countries, a significant number of personal cars fell under the legal norms of other states, which led to cases of dual registration. The central issue of the study is the legal conflicts arising during the re-importation of such vehicles into the customs territory of Ukraine when a car simultaneously holds a valid Ukrainian registration certificate and temporary registration in an EU member state. The article outlines the main problems related to the absence of a clear customs regime for temporary export of vehicles, insufficient recording of relevant information in customs databases, as well as imperfect information interaction between the border guard service, customs, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The methodological basis of the research is the analysis and interpretation of national customs and administrative legislation, as well as international acts, in particular the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic and relevant acts of the European Union. A typical situation is analyzed when a vehicle crosses the border on foreign plates while remaining formally Ukrainian according to its documents, which results in additional legal restrictions during its customs clearance. The article substantiates the expediency of introducing a set of practice-oriented measures aimed at eliminating identified legal conflicts and organizational inconsistencies in the customs clearance of vehicles temporarily registered abroad. A number of practical recommendations are proposed, including: the introduction of a simplified customs clearance procedure for such vehicles, the unification of the administrative procedure for their identification, the technical integration of state registers, and the development of methodological guidelines for the relevant officials. The author emphasizes that resolving this issue has not only a legal but also a humanitarian dimension, as it is connected with the realization of citizens’ right to return to Ukraine together with their property taken out under the extraordinary conditions of wartime.

Introduction. War, digital changes and constant uncertainty create an environment of chronic stress for Ukrainian organizations, which undermines employees' mental and somatic health and reduces productivity. This requires the transition from one-time anti-stress measures to comprehensive support programs that would combine personal resources development and changes in work organization. Aim: to analyze the features of international company employees' mental health in conditions of chronic stress, their possible negative professional and psychological manifestations, the impact on employees' interpersonal communications, as well as the factors in employees' positive psychological resources development in terms of stress resistance and professional efficiency. Methods: Job Burnout questionnaire, Ukrainian version of the Continuous Traumatic Stress Response (CTSR), Giessen Questionnaire of Somatic Complaints, Quantitative Workload Inventory (QWI), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, Life Satisfaction Scale, Schwarzer-Jerusalem Self-Efficacy Scale, Professional Resilience Questionnaire (O. Kokun), Ukrainian adaptation of the Brief-COPE Questionnaire - Coping Strategies, Quality of Communicative Interaction and Optimal Work-Life Balance Questionnaire. Results: The study found a significant impact of the war on IT-company employees, which is manifested in their emotional exhaustion, work overload, psychosomatic symptoms and moderate resilience. However, employees demonstrated high professional involvement, developed coping, and focus on problem-solving, which was a positive indicator of their adaptation. The introduction of comprehensive programs to promote employees' psychological health and optimize working conditions would contribute to reducing employees' stress and burnout and increasing their efficiency and strengthening corporate culture. Conclusions. Chronic stress in wartime conditions increases the risk of burnout and somatic disorders. Personal resources (resilience, self-efficacy) mitigate this impact, reducing distress and maintaining efficiency. Constructive coping strategies and high-quality team interaction are crucial. However, work overload is mainly caused by organizational factors, so burnout prevention requires multi-level solutions, which include individual development, team support and systemic changes in work design.

The present study is concerned with the critical challenges confronting Ukrainian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in personnel management in the context of economic instability and wartime conditions. Conventional human resources instruments, such as interviews and the evaluation of résumés, have been shown to be deficient in accurately assessing candidates' behavioural, cognitive and emotional compatibility. This has resulted in elevated levels of employee turnover and protracted periods of vacant positions being filled. In order to address the aforementioned shortcomings, the article proposes a novel integrated human resources (HR) management approach that combines Thomas International psychometric testing (namely, Personal Profile Analysis (PPA), General Intelligence Assessment (GIA), High Potential Trait Indicator (HPTI), and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue)) with the principle-oriented framework of PMBOK® 7 and advanced AI-driven analytics. A thorough analysis of openly published Western case studies, including those from Everything Office, Johnsons Workwear, and Ice River Springs, reveals significant outcomes: up to a 50% reduction in employee turnover, a 30% decrease in vacancy time-to-fill, and an 18–22% increase in team productivity following the implementation of this three-component model. Utilising these findings, the study proposes an adaptive HR model customised for crisis environments. This model personalises motivational strategies based on employees' behavioural, cognitive and emotional profiles, accelerates onboarding processes, and enhances organisational resilience in unpredictable conditions. The scientific novelty of the present study lies in the synthesis of psychometrics, project management principles, and artificial intelligence into a cohesive HR management system, offering quantitative diagnostics of employee engagement and stress resilience. This is of particular relevance for Ukrainian businesses during wartime and post-crisis recovery. Practical recommendations are provided for the phased integration of psychometric testing, PMBOK-aligned HR processes, and AI-driven monitoring into Ukrainian SMEs, with the objective of optimising recruitment, retention, and employee development. These include the establishment of ethical testing protocols, the benchmarking of job roles, and the implementation of quarterly AI analytics to predict turnover risks. The implementation of these measures is intended to foster sustainable business operations in challenging contexts.

Background. The esophagogastric junction has a complex anatomical and functional mechanism whose failure is accompanied by the development of hiatal hernia (HН) or esophageal achalasia (EA) requiring surgical correction. Today, in wartime conditions, assessing the quality of life (QOL) and identifying factors contributing to the development of HН and EA are relevant issues in gastroenterology. The aim of the study: to investigate QOL and the impact of trigger factors on the development of HH and EA in war conditions based on questionnaire data. Materials and methods. In the digestive system surgery department, 90 patients were examined between January 2023 and December 2024, of whom 66 were diagnosed with HH and 24 had EA. The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals. Among the examined patients with HH, there were 49 (74.2 %) men and 17 (25.8 %) women. EA group included 17 (70.8 %) men and 7 (29.2 %) women. The average patients’ age was (47.13 ± 2.81) years. Thirty-nine (43.3 %) patients were military. The general SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess QOL. To study the impact of possible trigger factors on the development of HH and EA, we developed a questionnaire taking into account war factors. Results. It was found that QOL is significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in patients with HH and EA, regardless of status (military serviceman or ordinary citi­zen). Assessment of QOL in the examined patients revealed that the indicators of physical and mental components were lower than those in controls, by 1.6 (p < 0.05) times for both groups. In HH, the indicator of the physical component of health was 1.4 (p < 0.05) times lower than in EA, and the indicator of the mental component of health was 1.7 (p < 0.05) times lower in EA than in HH. When questioned, patients identified possible trigger factors: prolonged and unusually heavy physical exertion (59.1 %) for the development of HH (χ2 = 15.27; p < 0.001) and prolonged stress factor (45.8 %) for the possible development of EA (χ2 = 41.04; p = 0.044). Conclusions. According to the assessment of the QOL in the examined patients during wartime conditions, it was found that the indicator of physical health component was lower in HH than in EA, and the indicator of mental health component was lower in EA than in HH. It was determined that in wartime conditions, the trigger factors contributing to the development of HH were prolonged and unusually heavy physical exertion, and EA might be provoked by an unusual, prolonged stress factor.

Rising carbon emissions from international road freight transport in the EU—increasing from 29.4% in 2023 to 31.4% in 2025 under the With Existing Measures (WEM) Road Transport scenario—necessitate the implementation of additional measures within the framework of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). For Ukraine, operating under martial law and pursuing a post-war green recovery of its transport and trade sectors, the adoption of EU experience in distributed generation (DG) from renewable energy sources (RESs) is particularly critical. This study evaluates the synergy between energy-efficient and low-carbon management in logistics chains for road freight transportation in Ukraine, drawing on EU evidence of DG based on RESs. To this end, a decoupling analysis was conducted to identify the factors influencing low-carbon and energy-efficient management of logistics chains in Ukraine’s freight transport sector. Under wartime conditions, the EU practice of utilising electric vehicles (EVs) as an auxiliary source of renewable energy for distributed electricity generation within microgrids—through Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technologies—was modelled. The results confirm the relevance of RES-based DG and the integration of EVs as a means of enhancing energy resilience in resource-constrained and conflict-affected regions. The scientific novelty of this research lies in identifying the conditions for achieving energy-efficient and low-carbon effects in the design of logistics chains through RES-based distributed generation, grounded in circular and inclusive economic development. The practical significance of the findings lies in formulating a replicable model for diversifying low-carbon fuel sources via the development of distributed generation of electricity based on renewable resources, providing a scalable paradigm for energy-limited and conflict-affected areas. Future research should focus on developing innovative logistics chain models that integrate DG and renewable energy use into Ukraine’s transport system.

The subject of the study is the institutional resilience of the state during wartime, with a particular emphasis on the political factors that ensure Ukraine’s economic security. The research focuses on the interaction of political institutions, mechanisms of societal mobilization, international alliances, and anti-corruption bodies in preserving state capacity under conditions of armed conflict. Methodology. The methodological framework of the study is based on general scientific and special legal methods, including dialectical, comparative political-legal, formal legal, and systemic analysis. These tools made it possible to examine the nature and criteria of institutional resilience, to explore its relationship with economic security, and to evaluate both national and international mechanisms that contribute to strengthening Ukraine’s resilience. The aim of the work is to define the essence of institutional resilience as a political-legal phenomenon, analyse the role of political stability, democratic institutions, and public authorities in ensuring economic security, and identify strategies for reinforcing Ukraine’s resilience in the post-war period. Special attention is given to the role of international integration, sanctions policy, and digital transformation as drivers of institutional modernization. The results of the study have shown that institutional resilience is a multidimensional category that combines political stability, the effectiveness of governance, the protection of democratic legitimacy, and international support. Political factors, such as consolidation of power, trust in democratic institutions, and societal mobilization, are decisive for maintaining economic stability under martial law. At the same time, the international dimension – alliances, aid, and sanctions – acts as a force multiplier for domestic institutions. Conclusion. Institutional resilience in contemporary wartime conditions is not limited to ensuring the continuity of governance. It also encompasses mechanisms for balancing centralized authority with democratic legitimacy, integrating digital innovations into governance, and aligning national reforms with international standards. Public authorities, security institutions, and anti-corruption bodies are guarantors of resilience, while international alliances provide external legitimacy and resources. The future of Ukraine depends on the ability of its institutions to sustain flexibility and legitimacy simultaneously, ensuring both short-term survival and long-term modernization.

The purpose of the article is to analyse the state of the Emerald Network within the Kharkiv region in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The article briefly describes the history of the formation of the Emerald Network of the Kharkiv region and provides a modern list of Emerald Network sites, according to the data of the Standing Committee of the Council of Europe, which includes 38 sites with a total area of 3830 thousand square km. And 3 sites that are substantiated and included in the “shadow lists” of further expansion of the Network. Main content. The article presents an analysis of the state of the Emerald Network territories within the Kharkiv region in wartime conditions. The analysis was performed for three key dates, taking into account changes in the front line within the region: April 3, 2022 (when about 30% of the region was occupied), September 16, 2022 (after the successful counteroffensive of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the liberation of almost the entire territory of the region), and May 26, 2025 (the current stage with the enemy advancing in the Kupyansk and Chuhuiv districts throughout the period from September 2022). For each of the indicated dates, maps were drawn up with the current front line superimposed, indicating the occupied and liberated territories, which allowed for a spatiotemporal analysis of the impact of military operations on the Emerald Network territory and identifying those sites that were under occupation, on the front line or in close proximity to it. Such analysis made it possible to identify territories that were affected by various forms of war – both direct and indirect. Conclusions. The analysis showed that 48% (1830 thousand square km) of the Emerald Network of the region were affected by military actions of varying degrees at different periods. And these are to a greater extent the most valuable areas of the steppe biogeographical region of Europe. The sites within the Siversky Donets and Oskil valleys were most affected, and these are the largest in area and the most diverse in terms of the number of species and habitats. The analysis of the impact of the war on unique nature conservation areas made it possible to identify potential areas for further research and monitoring.

<p><strong><em>The purpose</em></strong><em> of the study is to investigate the dynamics of news activity of the specialized online resource Dozorro in 2022–2025 by analyzing changes in the coverage of public procurement in the context of war and reconstruction. </em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology</em></strong><em>. The empirical basis of the study consists of news published by the resource’s journalists in the first half of 2022–2025. A methodology of qualitative content analysis was applied in combination with comparative and chronological analyses.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> Two main discourses were identified: the «exposure discourse», focused on identifying violations and corruption risks, and the «efficiency discourse», focused on highlighting examples of savings, good governance, and institutional accountability. The analysis shows how wartime conditions influenced the themes, intensity, and interpretive strategies of published content: from a predominantly investigative approach in the pre-war period to an advocacy-oriented discourse, followed by the emergence of a more balanced narrative combining scrutiny with positive examples. </em></p><p><strong><em>The scientific novelty</em></strong><em> of this research lies in the author’s original typology of transformations in journalistic coverage of public procurement on the DOZORRO platform during the full-scale war in Ukraine. For the first time, the study examines the dynamics of media-based oversight of public finances through the lens of a specialized Ukrainian online resource dedicated to procurement monitoring. This research offers a novel academic perspective on the evolving role of a specialized platform in facilitating public control mechanisms under crisis conditions – a topic previously underexplored in Ukrainian scholarship.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance</em></strong><em>. It has been shown that DOZORRO platform serves not only to document procurement violations, but also to shape the public agenda in the field of budget oversight. This opens up opportunities for further research into the role of online monitoring media as a factor contributing to enhanced transparency in public procurement in Ukraine.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words: </em></strong><em>public procurement, Dozorro, Prozorro, content analysis, media, public control, transparency, reconstruction of Ukraine, martial law.</em></p>

Purpose. The study is devoted to an in-depth analysis of the transformation of personal tax management in Ukraine under the influence of wartime conditions. Methodology. The following methods of scientific knowledge were used in the work: the method of analysis and synthesis - to study the essence of personal tax management; comparison - to compare its features in peacetime and wartime periods; induction and deduction - to formulate general conclusions based on individual observations; a systematic approach - to develop comprehensive strategies for personal tax management in wartime conditions; and a graphical method - to visualize the results obtained. Results. As a result of the study, the modern content of personal tax management was substantiated, its key trends in wartime conditions in Ukraine were identified, a comparative analysis of the features of personal tax management in peacetime and wartime periods was conducted, and specific strategies were developed aimed at ensuring the financial security of taxpayers and supporting the national economy in crisis conditions. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of the author's interpretation of the concept of “personal tax management”, which is characterized by its complexity and integration approach. Unlike existing approaches that focus mainly on compliance with tax legislation or optimization of the tax burden, the proposed definition considers personal tax management as a systemic process of planning, organizing, controlling and optimizing tax obligations of an individual. Practical significance. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that its results can be used by individuals to improve the efficiency of managing their own tax obligations in wartime conditions. The developed personal tax management strategies will contribute to ensuring the financial security of payers, optimizing tax payments, minimizing risks and maintaining economic stability in Ukraine