BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major threat to public health globally, with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) of particular concern in the UK. Carbapenems are also classified as ‘Reserve’ antibiotics under the WHO AWaRe framework, reflecting their critical role as last-line agents where few alternatives exist. Rising resistance in these agents is therefore a priority target for stewardship and surveillance. England is a hub of international mobility, with passenger flows concentrated in London and major regional airports. While case reports have linked resistant infections to travel, quantitative evidence on how fluctuations in passenger volumes influence resistance at the regional level remains limited. Addressing this gap is essential to support UKHSA surveillance priorities and inform infection-prevention strategies in high-mobility settings.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to quantify the relationship between international passenger mobility and AMR, using CRKP as a case study across English regions from 2021 to 2024. Specifically, we aimed to determine whether increases in passenger flows were followed by measurable changes in resistance levels, and to assess the temporal lag of this association.MethodsWe constructed a panel dataset of nine English regions (2021–2024) combining monthly Civil Aviation Authority passenger volumes with UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) surveillance of CRKP. The primary outcome was the percentage of resistant isolates per region-month. Fixed-effects linear regression models were estimated, with resistance as the dependent variable and passenger volumes (millions) as the predictor. Specifications included pooled ordinary least squares, region and month fixed effects, and lag structures of 1–6 months. Standard errors were clustered at the regional level to account for autocorrelation.ResultsAnalysis of 432 monthly observations (nine English regions, 2021–2024) was performed, linking Civil Aviation Authority passenger flows with UKHSA surveillance of CRKP. In pooled ordinary least squares, each additional million passengers were associated with a 0.13 percentage-point increase in CRKP resistance (95% CI 0.09–0.17, P<0.001; R²=0.51). In two-way fixed-effects models controlling for regional heterogeneity and month-specific shocks, the association persisted (β=0.19, 95% CI 0.09–0.29, P=0.003). Lagged models indicated that the effect was strongest at one month (β=0.18, 95% CI 0.07–0.29, P=0.01) and weaker at three months (β=0.16, 95% CI −0.01–0.33, P=0.06), while no association was detected at six months. In distributed lag models including contemporaneous and lagged flows simultaneously, coefficients were imprecise, reflecting multicollinearity between successive traffic measures.ConclusionsIncreases in passenger mobility were associated with higher CRKP resistance within 1–3 months, consistent with importation and early dissemination of resistant strains. These findings underline the importance of strengthening AMR surveillance systems in regions with high travel volumes and suggest that monitoring mobility data could provide an early signal for emerging resistance trends. More broadly, this approach provides a transferable framework for analysing other AMR pathogens and drug-resistance combinations.

Morphology engineering and interface electron modulation of crystalline-amorphous Co9S8-MoSx heterostructure with N-doped carbon for fast and stable sodium-ion storage.

Cauliflower-like manganese oxide@carbon cathode with structural and interfacial dual optimization for ultrastable zinc-ion batteries.

Ultrathin formvar film protective layer via simple dipping strategy for ultra-stable zinc-metal anodes.

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are commonly addressed as a promising post-lithium technology for grid energy storage. Among RFBs, Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFBs) are the most consolidated since they exploit vanadium-based electrolyte in both the half-cells. The keys advantages of this technology are the independent energy to power ratio and its intrinsic safety and durability. However, VRFB is characterized by technological issues such as the transport of vanadium-ions and water through the membrane. These phenomena cause the imbalance of the electrolytes which result in a dramatic capacity loss. If on the one hand through periodic rebalancing procedures it is possible to mitigate this performance loss, on the other hand these procedures introduce high operation and maintenance costs.In literature, Luo et al. observed as while vanadium concentrations almost stabilize after the initial capacity decay, water transport continuously causes electrolyte volume variation in the two tanks [1].Moreover, through the coupling of experimental mitigation and modelling analysis Toja et al. [2] and Shin et al. [3] have evidenced how osmosis is responsible for the volume variation during the first cycles and how through the modification of the electrolytes it is possible to mitigate water transport. However, what literature still lacks is a complete description of water transport during long term cycling.In this work, combining experimental and modelling activities, vanadium and water transport is completely quantified and analyzed during more than 400 charge and discharge cycles with fixed cut-off voltages (1-1.65 V) and constant current (0.1 A cm-2). The 25 cm2 VRFB cell employs an Aquivion® membrane (E98-05) and carbon felt electrodes (Sigracell® GFD 2.5 EA thermal activated). The vanadium content of the 50 ml of electrolyte used (initial composition of 1.6 M vanadium dissolved in 2 M of sulphuric acid) has been monitored throughout the duration of the experimental test thanks to Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-EOS). Moreover, the positive and negative electrolyte volumes have been recorded daily. The coupling of these measurements has allowed to experimentally quantify the observed electrolyte evolution.In order to provide a critical analysis of water transfer, a previously developed 1D model [4] has been integrated with an innovative detailed description of water transport mechanisms. The main water transport mechanisms involved in the model are three: osmosis (OSM), Electro-Osmotic Drag (EOD) and vanadium ion drag (DRAG). The first refers to the spontaneous movement of solvent molecules (water in this case) through a selectively permeable membrane from a diluted solution to a concentrated one, the other two mechanisms refer to the water molecules that, being electrostatically bonded to the ion dissolved in the electrolyte in the so-called Hydration Shell (HS), are dragged by the movement of the ion itself. In particular, new equations based on the physics of electrolyte solutions have been implemented. As a matter of fact, a distinction between bonded water molecules (typical of hydration shells) and free water molecules is proposed. After calibration, the model has demonstrated its robustness since has been able to reproduce the experimental trend of the vanadium moles variation in the two tanks, the volume variation experienced by the positive and the negative electrolyte tanks along with the battery discharged capacity, battery energy efficiency and cell voltage. The osmotic flux has resulted in the dominant effect since after almost 300 hours of test it causes a variation of 17 ml which increases the positive volume and decreases the negative one. The model has confirmed the results present in literature: what occurs in the first charge and discharge cycle is influenced by osmosis which causes the initial increase of 4 ml of the positive volume and the resulting loss of 4 ml for the negative volume. Finally, the model suggests that in order to mitigate water transport and the resulting electrolyte volume variation it is necessary to limit the osmotic mechanism. This is possible by a modification of the osmotic driving force (positive and negative electrolyte free water molar fraction difference).

Doogh is a traditional Iranian yogurt-based drink that is served flavored or unflavored and carbonated or non-carbonated. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting analyte, which poses significant dangers to public health. The goal of our investigation was to assess the BPA content in doogh samples from Tehran along with risk assessment by using the Monte Carlo method. A nano-adsorbent of magnetized iron-based multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-Fe3O4) was used with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to evaluate the mentioned contaminant. The average amount of BPA in doogh samples was 3.50 µg/L (ranged 0.63 to 6.75 µg/L). BPA concentrations in all doogh samples were within the standard limit. In addition, the health risks of BPA intake through doogh were assessed. The results of multivariate statistical evaluation highlighted the relationship between BPA concentrations and independent variables (volume, brand, packaging type, storage conditions, pH, fat, salt, and trans fatty acid content). According to the updated tolerable daily intake (TDI) established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the 50th percentile for the target hazard quotient of BPA in doogh samples was 2.22E + 0 for adults and 7.83E + 0 for children (THQ > 1). This evidence suggests chronic consumption of doogh from plastic or metal containers may endanger human health. The intake of BPA through doogh samples poses adverse health risks to Iranian consumers.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-25638-5.

Monocular visual measurement and vision-guided robotics technology find extensive application in modern automated manufacturing, particularly in aerospace assembly. However, during assembly pose measurement and guidance, the propagation and accumulation of multi-source errors—including those from visual measurement, hand–eye calibration, and robot calibration—impact final assembly accuracy. To address this issue, this study first proposes an uncertainty analysis method for monocular visual measurement systems in assembly pose, encompassing the determination of uncertainty propagation paths and input uncertainty values. Building on this foundation, the system’s uncertainty is analyzed. Inspired by the uncertainty analysis results, this study further proposes a direct one-step solution to a series of problems in robot calibration and hand–eye calibration using a nonlinear mapping estimation method. Through experiments and discussion, a high-performance, one-step, end-to-end pose estimation convolutional neural network (OECNN) is constructed. The OECNN achieves direct mapping from the pose variation of the target object to the drive volume variation of the positioner. The uncertainty analysis conducted in this study yields a series of conclusions that are significant for further enhancing the precision of assembly pose estimation. The proposed uncertainty analysis methodology may also serve as a reference for uncertainty analysis in complex systems. Experimental validation demonstrates that the proposed one-step end-to-end pose estimation method exhibits high accuracy. It can be applied to automated assembly tasks involving various vision-guided robots, including those with typical configurations, and it is particularly suitable for high-precision assembly scenarios, such as aircraft assembly.

Stable operation of all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) under reduced external pressures necessitates overcoming critical interfacial challenges and managing substantial electrode volume changes during cycling. This study introduces a carbon primer coating applied to aluminum (Al) current collectors as an effective strategy to enhance interfacial adhesion and reduce delamination at low pressures. The carbon coating provides uniform current distribution across the interface and improves contact conformality, addressing a critical issue for practical pouch cell applications.The interface design was evaluated by laminating dry-processed Li2S composite cathodes onto carbon-coated Al current collectors with varying surface areas. Interfacial resistance and the mechanical robustness of electrode-current collector interfaces under different pressures were systematically characterized using direct current polarization measurements. Advanced imaging methods, including focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and X-ray computed tomography (CT), were employed to examine interfacial integrity and detect any morphological changes throughout cycling.Furthermore, to manage significant volume variations inherent in ASSLSBs—particularly the 79% volumetric shrinkage of Li2S cathodes and 280% expansion of silicon (Si) anodes during cycling—the research integrates Si anodes with Li2S cathodes. This combination ensures volumetric compensation, significantly enhancing structural stability and cycling performance at reduced pressures.Overall, this interface engineering strategy and electrode design optimization demonstrate significant improvements in both energy density and cycling stability for ASSLSBs. This research provides a scalable solution, highlighting the potential for high-performance, low-pressure-operating pouch cell configurations.

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries offer a significantly higher theoretical energy density compared to modern lithium-ion batteries. In addition, sulfur – the cathode material in Li–S batteries – is naturally abundant, non-toxic, and cost-effective. These attributes position Li–S batteries as a promising next-generation energy storage technology. However, realizing their commercial viability requires increasing their areal capacity by fabricating sulfur cathodes with elevated areal sulfur loadings (>4 mg cm⁻²).Increasing the areal sulfur loading is inherently linked with an increase in cathode thickness, which negatively impacts microstructure and, consequently, electrochemical performance. At high sulfur loadings, sulfur cathodes experience (i) longer ion and mass transport distances that slow conversion reactions; (ii) mechanical degradation caused by extensive volume variation (>80%) of sulfur upon charge and discharge; and (iii) accelerated electrolyte and anode degradation due to the higher concentration of liquid-phase discharge products. Additionally, significant slurry shrinkage during drying induces cracking and delamination in thick sulfur cathodes, further compromising cell performance. These challenges lead to thickness-dependent electrochemical degradation in Li–S batteries.In recent years, substantial progress has been made toward enabling high-sulfur-loading cathodes. However, most advances have been demonstrated using coin cell formats. For Li–S batteries to become commercially viable, it is essential to transition these advancements to more practical formats, particularly pouch cells. The challenges associated with high-sulfur-loading cathodes are exacerbated in pouch cells due to their larger electrode area. This scale-up intensifies issues such as non-uniform electrolyte wetting, higher interface resistance due to lower external pressure compared to coin cells, complex assembly procedures, and increased resistance from welded tabs. Consequently, sulfur cathodes that exhibit excellent performance in coin cells often display significantly increased resistance and reduced capacity in pouch cell configurations.This talk presents a practical strategy for developing large-area sulfur cathodes capable of supporting high areal sulfur loadings while maintaining low cell resistance in Li–S pouch cells. The approach utilizes a multilayer cathode architecture incorporating two immiscible polymeric binders, each dissolved in a compatible solvent. During electrode fabrication, cathode layers containing identical sulfur and carbon compositions, but different binders are systematically stacked to form a multilayer architecture. This configuration enables high overall sulfur loading while preserving the desired microstructure within each layer and across the entire cathode. The areal sulfur loading of individual layers is optimized in the range of 0.9 to 1.4 mg cm⁻². Our studies have demonstrated that this multilayer design preserves cathode microstructure at high loadings by mitigating cracking and delamination, thereby maintaining electronic conductivity. Additionally, it enhances ion transport by extending ion diffusion pathways across the layered architecture. As a result, the multilayer cathode design significantly reduces overall cell resistance and improves both ion and electron transport. This concept, through its simultaneous enhancement of microstructural integrity and electrochemical performance, offers a promising strategy toward the development of commercially viable, large-format Li–S batteries.

ABSTRACT Rechargeable batteries operated based on lithium‐metal anodes represent a major breakthrough in the field of electrochemical energy storage. However, the Li‐metal batteries (LMBs) are practically hindered by unstable anode chemistry that invites dendrite formation and parasitic reactions, and accounts for rapid battery failure and safety issues. Here we show that a bismuth‐based, inorganic‐rich artificial solid electrolyte interphase (ASEI) helps to effectively stabilize the anode‐electrolyte interface. The interphase is derived from the in situ reaction between Li and Bi(CF 3 SO 3 ) 3 ‐LiNO 3 salt mixture, and consists of multiple components including Li 3 Bi, Bi, LiF, and Li 3 N. The inorganic‐rich ASEI demonstrates high electrolyte wettability, lithiophilicity, and mechanical strength, and a low Li + diffusion energy barrier, so that it promotes uniform Li plating/stripping while effectively suppressing the dendrite formation and volume variation. By applying ASEI, a Li||Li symmetric battery maintains stable cycling for &gt; 1000 h at an ultra‐high current density of 10 mA cm −2 and an areal capacity of 10 mAh cm −2 . LMBs that pair the ASEI‐modified Li anode with various layered oxide cathodes exhibit improved cycling and rate performance, and a 10‐Ah Li‐metal pouch cell demonstrates favorable cycling performance at a high specific energy of &gt; 460 Wh kg −1 , showing promise for the next‐generation electrochemical energy storage.

Cosmetic tourism is becoming increasingly popular in aesthetic surgery. Some countries more frequently host patients from other countries, while others supply patients. However, longitudinal trends in cosmetic tourism are understudied. This study examined specific patterns in cosmetic tourism growth, market share, and procedure volumes. Data on the number of procedures performed on cosmetic tourists from 2019-2023 was obtained from the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery public reports. Aesthetic procedure volumes and percentage changes in market share were calculated across all years. Countries were classified as "pure host," "pure origin," or "hybrid" countries (i.e., sharing features of both host and origin countries) based on frequency and rank of appearance. Additionally, host countries were grouped into clusters via hierarchical clustering, and differences in procedural volumes were calculated across clusters. The percentage of aesthetic surgery procedures performed on international patients and the percent change in cosmetic tourism volume increased from 2019-2023 (r = 1.00; P< 0.001). Argentina, Brazil, and the United States of America showed the greatest growth in aesthetic procedure volumes and percent change in market share. Most countries were classified as "hybrid" countries. Finally, host country clusters significantly varied in the relative number of surgical versus non-surgical procedures performed. Cosmetic tourism continues to gain popularity, with country-specific variations in aesthetic procedure volumes, market share, and surgical versus non-surgical procedure proportions. The majority of countries analyzed were classified as "hybrid," highlighting a complex interplay between patients arriving and leaving to undergo aesthetic surgery. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Lithium metal is widely regarded as the ultimate anode material for next-generation high-energy-density batteries due to its exceptional theoretical specific capacity (3860mA h g-1) and low redox potential (-3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode). However, its practical application is hindered by low Coulombic efficiency, rapid capacity degradation, and severe safety risks caused by uncontrolled dendrite growth, substantial volume variations, and unstable solid electrolyte interphase formation. To address these limitations, an emerging paradigm involves the strategic integration of lithium metal with porous graphite or graphitized carbon hosts, forming lithium-ion/lithium-metal hybrid anodes. Such hybrid architectures utilize the synergistic advantages of both materials: graphite provides a mechanically robust, conductive framework with a well-defined structure to regulate Li plating/stripping processes, while Li metal delivers unparalleled capacity. This review systematically summarizes recent breakthroughs in mechanistic understanding, configuration designs, and electrolyte engineering that optimize the performance of hybrid anodes for high-energy lithium metal batteries. A critical analysis of the interfacial stabilization and the influence of electrolyte composition in improving cycling stability is conducted. Finally, a concise conclusion and prospective outlook regarding current challenges and future research opportunities in the material design and the development of compatible electrolyte systems of hybrid anode systems are proposed.

Reservoir morphology influences a water body’s response to temperature and corresponding effects on stratification, water quality, and ecosystem health. As local reservoirs may respond differently to the same climate forcing, understanding shape driven influences is critical for optimised reservoir management, particularly under future climate scenarios. For this study, five archetypical hypothetical reservoir morphologies (shapes) were created based on constant surface area and maximum depth from a previously modelled polymictic reservoir, Blagdon Lake in southwest England, to establish how bathymetry alters stratification regimes. The shapes were modelled with the Aquatic Ecosystem Model 3D (AEM3D) and then forced with multiple future climate scenarios based on UK Climate Projections (UKCP18). Two stratification predictors, Lake Geometry Ratio (GR) and Osgood index (OI), were used to characterise stratification in the differently shaped reservoirs. Model results show that all the reservoirs stratified with similar thermocline depths during the simulated summers, though there were variations in water-column stability and hypolimnion volume. Morphologies with larger OI values tended to have increased strength, areal extent, and duration of stratification. Results highlight the importance of taking reservoir shape into account when planning management strategies and optimising reservoir design under future climates.

Abstract Room temperature sodium‐sulfur (RT Na‐S) batteries are promising for large‐scale energy storage due to their high theoretical energy density and cost‐effectiveness. However, challenges such as unstable sodium deposition/dissolution hinder their practical application. This study addresses this issue by introducing an advanced carbon‐fluorine interfacial on an aluminum current collector (CF@Al) via a pyrolytic evaporation‐deposition method. The fluorine‐rich interface promotes the formation of NaF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and improves electrolyte wettability, while the continuous carbon network ensures efficient electron/ion transport and alleviates electric field‐induced inhomogeneities. The intrinsic flexibility of the carbon‐fluorine interface effectively buffers the volume variations during cycling. Consequently, the CF@Al architecture enables a high sodium plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency of 99.6% at 0.5 mA cm −2 and stable cycling for over 1000 h. When integrated into full RT Na‐S cells with a standard sulfur/carbon cathode without a catalyst, the CF@Al/Na anode enables a high initial reversible capacity and superior long‐term cycling performance with minimal capacity decay. This work highlights the great potential of advanced current collectors in enabling high‐performance RT Na‐S batteries through efficient interfacial behavior regulation.

Background/Introduction: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk calculators perform poorly among people with HIV (PWH). Non-calcified coronary plaque (NCP) volume measured using coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) predicts future ASCVD events in the general population, and NCP is increased among PWH. However, the ability of ASCVD risk calculators to predict NCP among PWH is unknown. Methods: We included individuals ages 40-79 with treated and suppressed HIV and ≥ 1 additional cardiovascular risk factor besides HIV. We measured blood pressure and fasting lipid panels. CCTA was performed according to standard research protocol and interpreted by a blinded core lab. The primary outcome was non-calcified plaque volume (excluding calcified plaque). We calculated predicted 10-year atherosclerotic ASCVD risk using four equations: Predicting Risk of cardiovascular disease EVENTs (PREVENT), Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE), Data Collection on Adverse Events of Antiretroviral Drugs (DAD-reduced)-an HIV specific calculator, and Framingham. We used linear regression to assess the amount of variation in log-transformed NCP volume explained by each risk prediction equation. Results: We included 81 individuals with mean age of 60 years, 4% female (Table) . The mean total cholesterol, calculated LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides were 190 mg/dl, 113 mg/dl, 49 mg/dl, and 143 mg/dl, respectively. The mean predicted 10-year ASCVD risk was 5.4% using PREVENT, 12.3% using PCE, 11.5% using DAD, and 17.0% using Framingham. Predicted risk with each of the four equations correlated with NCP volume (p&lt;0.01 for each), and predicted risk was higher among those with more plaque with all four ( Table ). However, the proportion of variance in NCP volume explained by each model was low with R 2 values of 16.4%, 11.1%, 11.7%, and 11.1% for PREVENT, PCE, DAD, and Framingham, respectively ( Figure , p&lt;0.01 for each). Among those with &lt;5% calculated 10-year risk (“low risk”), median plaque volume was 69 mm 3 for PREVENT (45 people), 23 mm 3 for PCE (15 people), 14 mm 3 for DAD (11 people), and 8 mm 3 for Framingham (2 people). Conclusions: Both traditional and HIV specific ASCVD risk prediction equations only explain a small amount of the variation in NCP volume among PWH at elevated cardiovascular risk; this finding may underlie the poor performance of these risk calculators to predict cardiovascular events among this high-risk population.

Neurodevelopmental outcome disparities, partially linked to socioeconomic status, race-ethnicity, persist in congenital heart disease (CHD). Fetal brain development is a key predictor of subsequent neurocognitive outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on fetuses with and without complex CHD at 2 sites. Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) and maternal race-ethnicity were used to assess neighborhood and individual-level maternal social determinants of health, respectively. The contributions of COI and race-ethnicity on fetal brain volume, controlling for fetal gestational age and sex, were compared using multivariable regression between both groups. Among 168 fetuses in this analysis, 106 (63.10%) were from non-Hispanic White mothers, 43 (25.60%) were from Hispanic mothers, and 19 (11.31%) were from non-Hispanic Black mothers. Total brain volume in the group with CHD (n=49) was significantly associated with the interaction of maternal race-ethnicity and the COI Social and Economic subdomain Score (β=-0.74, P<0.001). White matter volume increased with maternal COI Social and Economic subdomain Score within the group with CHD (β=0.42, P=0.04). Maternal race-ethnicity, COI Social and Economic subdomain Score, and their interaction accounted for 30% of the variance in total fetal brain volume in the group with CHD, although the same effect was not noted in the control group. Results indicate that maternal COI likely modifies the relationship between maternal race-ethnicity and fetal brain development in CHD. The impact of maternal race-ethnicity and COI on brain development differs between fetuses with and without CHD. Addressing maternal social determinants of health could reduce disparities in neurodevelopmental outcomes in CHD. Although limitations in sample size temper conclusions, initial analysis suggests that maternal social determinants of health and environment can contribute to neurodevelopmental outcome variance in individuals with CHD.

Ocular cosmetic plastic (OCP) is gaining popularity in Asia, leading people to increasingly turn to online searches for information rather than seeking direct medical consultations. To analyze internet search behavior associated with OCP in the Asian population. Using Google Ads Keyword Planner, we evaluated monthly search volumes for "ocular plastic" across ten Asian countries (January 2008 to December 2022). Sixteen relevant OCP-related keywords were identified and normalized per one million residents for cross-regional comparison. Analyses covered regional, economic, and seasonal variations. A total of 40,575 OCP-related keyword searches were recorded, averaging 222 monthly searches per million residents. East Asia had the highest activity (178.6±22.2 per million). Highly developed countries (Japan, South Korea) also showed significantly greater interest compared with developed (17.6±5.5) and developing countries (20.8±6.1; P<0.001). "Double eyelid surgery" dominated surgical searches, accounting for 42.6% of total queries, while "eye wrinkle" (10,882 per million) and "eye injection" (9,862 per million) led non-surgical terms. Seasonal variation was evident, with winter peaks (664±52.7 per million) exceeding spring (604±46.4). This study provides insights into Asian population preferences for OCP and reveals online search behavior patterns, emphasizing a prevalent inclination to seek information about eye surgeries, especially double eyelid and lower eyelid procedures, through online platforms, while also noting variations in search volume influenced by seasonal and regional factors. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Gas embolism during pediatric laparoscopic surgery is often subclinical but can have serious consequences. Identifying patient and procedure-related risk factors is essential to improve perioperative safety and outcomes. This study aimed to determine risk factors associated with gas embolism in pediatric laparoscopy and to propose preventive strategies. Single-center, prospective observational study including 57 pediatric patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) from January 2021 to June 2025. Intraoperative gas embolism was monitored by transthoracic echocardiography. Patient demographics, laparoscopic preset, CO₂ volume used, and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) variations were analyzed as potential risk factors. Gas embolism was detected in 25 patients (43.9%; 95% CI 31.0-56.7%). Patient characteristics and laparoscopic setting parameters were not associated with gas embolism. Repetitive intra-abdominal volume variations were strongly associated with the occurrence of gas embolism (OR 49.8, 95% CI 9.14-271.65; p < 0.0001). The median CO₂ volume was higher in the embolism group (28 vs. 20 L, p = 0.002). Gas embolism is common in pediatric laparoscopy, although most episodes are subclinical. Repetitive intra-abdominal pressure variations, which lead to higher CO₂ consumption, significantly increase gas embolism risk. Awareness and careful intraoperative management are essential, particularly in high-risk procedures, to minimize potential complications. These findings support future multi-center studies to validate preventive strategies.

Impact of bowel preparation compliance on interfractional rectal diameter variation during prostate cancer radiotherapy.

This article presents the results of a study on the economic efficiency of growing corn for grain, silage, and biomethane production, with the corresponding quality of the products obtained. The research was conducted on the experimental field of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University under ORGANIC-D TOV conditions in 2023-2024. The cultivation techniques included elements that are generally accepted for the cultivation area, with the exception of the factors under study. The yield of grain and green mass, the quality of the products obtained, and the yield of biomethane from corn silage were determined in accordance with established methods. Harvesting and yield accounting were carried out manually on each experimental plot. The fertilisation options studied involved the use of mineral fertilisers (N90P90K90), micronutrients (Nanovit corn) and digestate obtained through anaerobic fermentation in biogas plants. Digestate was applied at different times: basic, pre-sowing fertilisation and top dressing at a rate of 60 t/ha. It was established that the indicators of the gross grain production value, by the studied maize hybrids, averaged as follows: Amaros (FAO 230) – 51,380.3 UAH/ha, P 8754 (FAO 240) – 52,521.5 UAH/ha, Bigbit (FAO 290) – 69,193.7 UAH/ha, Bohatyr (FAO 290) – 79,784.3 UAH/ha, KWS 381 (FAO 350) – 80,730.6 UAH/ha, KWS Intelligence (FAO 380) – 84,515.9 UAH/ha, DN Anshlag (FAO 420) – 83,875.8 UAH/ha, and P 0217 (FAO 460) – 84,088.8 UAH/ha. The application of digestate from biogas plants increased the gross production value of grain maize by 8,621–19,392.9 UAH/ha (14.6–26.5%) and of silage maize by 5,448.5–9,804.3 UAH/ha. The use of mineral fertilisers in combination with the microfertiliser “Nanovit Corn” increased these values by 10,270.5–18,954.5 UAH/ha (16.4–27.6%) and 3,359.0–8,804.0 UAH/ha, respectively, compared to the control where no fertilisers were applied. The highest profitability of grain maize cultivation was recorded with triple digestate application (main, pre-sowing, and top dressing): Amaros (FAO 230) – 103.7%, P 8754 (FAO 240) – 118.5%, Bigbit (FAO 290) – 150.3%, and Bohatyr (FAO 290) – 191.6%. For KWS 381 (FAO 350), KWS Intelligence (FAO 380), and P 0217 (FAO 460), the maximum profitability values (186.7–195.5%) were obtained when digestate was applied only as a pre-sowing fertiliser. The hybrid DN Anshlag (FAO 420) demonstrated the highest profitability (183.5%) under the mineral fertiliser + microfertiliser “Nanovit Corn” scheme. A similar trend was observed for the cultivation of silage mass of the studied maize hybrids. The biogas yield from 1 hectare of the studied maize hybrids, corresponding to the respective green mass productivity, ranged from 6,645 to 10,111 m³. Such variations in biogas volume also affected the value of the produced output. The highest profitability indices for cultivating silage maize for biogas production were recorded under triple digestate application (main, pre-sowing fertilisation, and top dressing). For the hybrids, these values amounted to: Amaros (FAO 230) – 200.6%, P 8754 (FAO 240) – 209.0%, Bigbit (FAO 290) – 189.6%, Bohatyr (FAO 290) – 221.8%, KWS 381 (FAO 350) – 237.3%, KWS Intelligence (FAO 380) – 224.8%, DN Anshlag (FAO 420) – 208.8%, and P 0217 (FAO 460) – 210.3%, which exceeded the level of the control variant without fertilisers by 40.6–67.3%. From the point of view of economic feasibility, medium-late maturity hybrids are the most effective for growing silage maize.