Nanoparticle Volume Fraction Research Articles

Computational investigation of methanol-based hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching cylinder with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux

Abstract This study investigates heat transfer rates in (AA7075-AA7072/Methanol) hybrid nanofluid flows, considering non-uniform heat sources and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux, with significant implications for aerospace engineering by enhancing thermal management in aircraft engines. The findings could revolutionize automotive cooling system efficiency, optimize heat dissipation in electronic devices, and advance the design of renewable energy systems such as concentrated solar power plants. The study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of (AA7075/Methanol) nanofluid and (AA7075-AA7072/Methanol) hybrid nanofluid flow, examining heat transfer rates, non-uniform heat sources, and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux theory around a stretching cylinder. Thermal radiation and the Biot number are also evaluated. Two different nanoparticles, AA7072 and AA7075, are used with methanol to create AA7075/Methanol nanofluid and AA7075-AA7072/Methanol hybrid nanofluid. The study compresses the resultant non-linear partial differential equation system and applies suitable similarity transformations to reduce the governing partial differential equations with boundary conditions to dimensionless form. The BVP4C shooting method in MATLAB is employed to numerically and graphically solve these dimensionless ordinary differential equations. The results indicate that higher curvature parameter values correlate with increased velocity and temperature distribution profiles. A rise in nanoparticle volume fraction reduces the radial velocity profile but increases the temperature profile. Temperature distribution profiles increase with higher thermal radiation parameter and Biot number values, while higher thermal relaxation parameter values decrease temperature. Additionally, thermal distribution profiles rise with increasing values of both the time-dependent heat source constant and space-dependent heat source parameter.

Viscous dissipation effects on time-dependent MHD Casson nanofluid over stretching surface: A hybrid nanofluid study

The study of MHD Couple stress Casson flow of a hybrid nanofluid is paramount due to its potential applications in advanced engineering systems, particularly in enhancing thermal management and efficiency in various industrial processes. In this report, the time-dependent MHD Couple stress Casson flow of a hybrid nanofluid, considering the impact of viscous dissipation over a stretching surface is presented. The main objective of this work is to enhance the transformation heat ratio to meet the requirements of the engineering and manufacturing industries. After conducting a continuity check, the issue is analyzed by applying the principles of momentum and energy conservation. This modeling process generates nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), which are subsequently converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformation and thermophysical characteristics. To solve these ODEs, the Approximate Analytical Method HAM is employed, which is specifically designed for nonlinear problems. Velocity decreases with increasing values and higher nanoparticle volume fraction further slows the velocity. Increasing the couple-stress parameter reduces velocity; increasing the Casson parameter slows the velocity profile. Increasing magnetic parameter enhances temperature profile; profile escalates with Eckert number magnitude. These findings contribute significantly to understanding the structure, interactions, and dynamics of such liquids, aligning with the focus on exploring the fundamental properties of simple, molecular, ionic, and complex liquids.

Exploration of heat transfer and entropy generation in an irregular wall cavity filled with Al2O3-water nanofluid

This study investigates 2-D natural convection heat transfer within an irregular wall cavity filled with nanofluid, employing a computational approach. The rough profile of the cavity surface is generated using the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot (W-M) function, and various parameters such as Rayleigh number ( 10 3 ≤ Ra ≤ 10 6 ), Knudsen number ( 0 ≤ Kn ≤ 1.5 ), solid volume fraction ( 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.15 ), and amplitude of the irregular rough wall ( 0 ≤ A 1 ≤ 0.1 ) are varied. The nanofluid consists of water as the base fluid and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles. Heat transfer characteristics are analyzed using the Nusselt number (Nu), while entropy generation is quantified to optimize thermal system efficiency. Grid sensitivity analysis and validation against existing literature are conducted to ensure the accuracy of the numerical methodology. Notably, the study demonstrates that increasing the slip velocity at the cavity wall enhances convection within the cavity, leading to a substantial increase in Nu. At Ra = 106, the Nu increases by 53.52% when Kn changes from 0 to 1. Furthermore, the study highlights the significant influence of nanoparticle volume fraction on Nu, showing that as the volume fraction increases, Nu also increases, indicating improved convective heat transfer performance. The Nu for a cavity with an amplitude of 0.1 is roughly 2.5 times higher compared to a smooth-walled cavity at Ra = 106. Increased surface irregularity enhanced turbulence intensity and mixing, leading to stronger convective currents. The novelty of this study lies in examining natural convection in irregular shaped cavities with wall-slip conditions, which are common in practical applications such as solar collectors, microelectronic devices, energy storage units, industrial furnaces, etc. This study offers valuable insights into the thermal behavior of rough enclosures filled with nanofluids, which will facilitate the optimization of heat transfer systems to minimize energy losses.

The Effect of a Riga Plate On Casson Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Along a Stretching Cylinder with an Exponential Heat Source and Thermal Radiation

This study investigates the effect of a Riga plate on the flow characteristics of a Casson hybrid nanofluid through a stretching cylinder embedded in a porous medium in the presence of an exponential heat source and thermal radiation. This model is used toexplore the potential applications of this analysis in the fields of cancer treatment and wound healing. The governing partial differential equations are converted into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformations. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) were reduced to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity variables, and the heat transfer phenomena, fluid flow dynamics, and nanoparticle behavior in the base fluid were captured through numerical analysis. The Casson fluid model was used to capture the non-Newtonian characteristics of blood-like fluids in the circulatory system, and stretching was employed to mimic the blood vessel. The modeling involved incorporating thermal radiation (Ra) and an exponential heat source, which are encountered in cancer treatment. The Runge-Kutta order 4 with shooting technique was used to obtain numerical solutions of the governing equations, and the effects of the Casson fluid parameter, curvature parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction, Eckert number, and radiation parameter were analyzed. The results showed that the Riga plate affected the flow patterns by increasing the temperature, and the temperature distribution was improved by increasing the radiation parameter and nanoparticle concentration. The insights from this study could be used to optimize heat-based treatments for cancer and wound healing, where control of fluid dynamics and heat transfer processes is critical.

Application of central composite design (CCD)-response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of heat transfer in dusty nanofluid flow with velocity slip

Background and Purpose The consequence of thermal radiation is scrutinized on the heat transport of Nano-diamond/silicon oil and silver/silicon oil nanofluids through a stretching endless plate. The single phase (Tiwari and Das) model is employed for nanofluid. The major objective of this study is to optimize the RSM-based Central composite design modeling to optimization of the heat transfer in dusty Oldroyd-B nanofluid across stretching surface. Additionally the velocity slip effect is considered. The dust particle phase is also taken into account. The significance of viscous dissipation, joule heating, inclined magnetic field with convective condition is investigated. Methodology The partial differential equations are developed under consideration, then transform to ODE’s by utilizing similarity tools. The transformed model of ODE’s is tackled numerically via bvp4c MATLAB tool with shooting algorithm. The effect of magnetic parameter, fluid interaction parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction, slip parameter and temperature interaction parameter on velocity field and temperature distribution of fluid phase and dust phase is investigated. Furthermore the Nusselt number on the wall is observed for interactive parameters of mass concentration of dust particles, fluid particles interaction parameter for velocity and unsteady parameters utilizing the face-centered Central Composite design (CCD) of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Additionally, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) algorithm and 3D plots are utilized to examine the consequence of experimental design parameters via the response. The recommended model significance has been analyzed in conditions of correlation coefficient ( R 2 ), mean square error (MSE), root means square error (RMSE), prediction standard error to acknowledge the most excellent strong. Results The difference between the Predicted R2 of 0.9467 and the Adjusted R2 of 0.9867 is less than 0.2, which is assumed to be a reasonable concurrence. Furthermore results of the current analysis indicate that velocity gradient for nanofluid is diminishes for larger fluid particle interaction parameter for velocity, while the dust phase velocity is improved. The increment in Temperature gradients is observed via increasing values of the nanoparticle fraction and temperature base fluid particle interaction parameter. From the results it is concluded that skin friction coefficient is reduced with larger magnetic parameter for both mono nanofluids. Furthermore the heat transfer rate is increased by increasing the thermal radiation parameter for both mono nanofluids. It is concluded that silver/silicon oil nanofluid play a higher role in heat transportation as compare to Nano-diamond/silicon oil.

A Vertical Surface Flow Analysis of MHD Nanofluids Influenced by Radiation, Viscous Dissipation, and Joule Heating with Soret and Dufour Effects

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of radiation and activation energy on mass transfer nanofluids flowing across an expanding sheet in a vertical direction, as well as joule heating, viscous dissipation, Soret and Dufour, and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow. The boundary layer (BL) equations for nonlinear momentum, energy, solute, and nanoparticle volume fraction are reduced by using similarity transformations. After that, the shooting technique and bvp4c are used to numerically solve the boundary layer equations. Schmidt and Eckert’s numbers, along with Soret effects on velocity, temperature, and the volume percentage of nanoparticles, cause an increase in skin friction. Fluid temperature rises significantly with Eckert number. As the Dufour and Schmidt numbers rise, so does the local Nusselt number. A greater thermophoresis parameter, enhanced skin friction, and an increased Schmidt number.

Thermo-hydraulic transport characteristics of non-Newtonian nanofluid flow through wavy channel: Influence of nanoparticle volume fraction and Prandtl number

The present study numerically investigates the thermal-hydraulic transport characteristics of non-Newtonian nanofluid flowing through the trapezoidal wavy channel. Constitutive behavior of non-Newtonian fluid was used to elucidate the power law model. The average Nusselt number, pressure drop, and performance factor are evaluated for varying volume concentration of nanoparticles (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.04) and Prandtl number (Pr = 0.76, 1, 6.39, 20, 50, and 100) at different values of Reynold number (Re = 50 and 500), power index values (n = 0.5, 1, 1.5) and wave phase shift (θ = 0°, 90°and 180°). An increase in average Nusselt number and pressure drop was observed for increasing volume concentration of nanoparticles, Prandtl number, and Reynold number. At the same time, the performance factor decreases with an increase in ϕ, Pr, and Re. The heat transfer rate was observed to be more for shear thinning fluids than shear thickening fluids.

Exploiting and Enhancing the Heat Transport Rate of MoS2-Ag/EO Hybrid Nanofluid Flow via a Stretching Cylinder using Extended Yamada-Ota and Xue Models.

The current model offers valuable insights for materials science, heat exchangers, renewable energy production, nanotechnology, manufacturing, medicinal treatments, and environmental engineering. The findings of this study have the potential to improve material design, increase heat transfer efficiency across various systems, enhance energy conversion processes, and drive advancements in nanotechnology, medicinal treatments, and engineering design. The goal of the current research is to analyze the effects of thermal radiation and the volume fraction of nanoparticles in MoS2-Ag/engine oil-based hybrid nanofluid flow passing through a cylinder. After performing a substantial similarity transformation, the nonlinear dimensionless framework is recast as ODEs. The Yamada-Ota and Xue models are then applied to the dimensionless equation setup, which is numerically solved using the BVP4C approach. The resulting velocity and temperature fields, corresponding to various parameters, are examined and compared across both models. This investigation demonstrates a significant variation in heat transfer rates between the Yamada-Ota and Xue models, with the former having a larger impact. The velocity and temperature fields decrease as the magnetic field parameter increases in both nanofluids. However, as the magnetic field parameter values grow, the velocity fields in the two nanofluids behave differently. The Yamada-Ota and Xue models are used to determine the behavior of the hybrid nanofluid flow over a nonlinear extended cylinder. In all situations, the velocity and temperature fields exhibit superior decay characteristics.

Computational micropolar model of hybrid nanofluid flow across a wedge

Non-Newtonian flow from wedges is a vital problem in coatings, polymer processing etc. Hence the main aim is to investigate the convective boundary layer flow of micropolar hybrid nanofluid (MHN)from a wedge. It is assumed that the wedge surface is isothermal. The Eringen model is employed to define micropolar fluid. Nanoscale Tiwari–Das formulations are used to study the specific effects of nanoparticles and volume fractions. The dimensionless boundary value problem arises by suitable coordinate transformations as a system of nonlinearly coupled ordinary differential equations. The so-called Falkner Skan flow case is resolved. Dimensionless, transformed, coupled momentum, microrotation, boundary layer equations are resolved using the numerical scheme MATLAB bvp4c. The parameteric investigations are performed on hybrid nanofluids using water as the basis liquid and varying volume fractions from 0 to 8%. Affirmation with previous work is done. The consequence of Eringen micropolar parameter, Hartree pressure gradient parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction, Eckert number, heat absorption (sink) parameter, on the flow and physical characteristics are visualized graphically and in tables. With rising material factor and volume fraction of nanoparticle, temperature is markedly enhanced. Increases in volume fraction dampen angular velocity close to the wedge surface, while farther from the wall, the opposite effect is seen. Temperature and thermal boundary layer thickness are both greatly enhanced by increasing Eckert number. With an increase in the volume proportion of nanoparticles, velocity decreases. Heat generation raises temperatures while a heat sink lowers them. The pressure gradient parameter increases skin friction while decreasing Nusselt number. Nusselt number for hybrid nanofluid is higher than for nanofluid.

Hybrid carbon nanotubes flow and heat transfer over a vertical thin needle with suction effect: A numerical and optimisation analysis

The present study aims to provide a numerical and optimisation analysis of the hybrid carbon nanotubes flow over a vertical thin needle under the suction effect. The thin needle is suspended in water-based hybrid nanofluids containing a combination of single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The heat is transported using the mixed convection flow. A mathematical model of partial differential equations (PDEs) is developed subject to boundary conditions. The PDEs system is converted to non-dimensional ordinal differential equations (ODEs) by using the similarity solution method. Then, the first order of the ODEs system is solved in a MATLAB bvp4c function. We innovatively carry out an optimisation process using response surface methodology (RSM) to enhance the efficiency of the numerical experiment data and fill a gap in the optimised analysis. To observe the variation solutions for the reduced skin friction and heat transfer coefficients, several parameters, such as the mixed convection and suction parameters, are altered into several values. The solutions are essential for accurately forecasting the occurrence of boundary layer separation, particularly in the case of dual solutions. Our analysis reveals that the model generates multiple solutions for the opposing flow, and the boundary layer separates slowly due to the suction effect. To complete the research, RSM reveals that the highest value of the nanoparticle volume fraction and suction parameters, as well as the smallest value of the needle size, generate the maximum transmitting heat through the slender needle. Furthermore, both the numerical and RSM results show that hybrid carbon nanotubes perform better than mono‑carbon nanotubes for better practical reference.

Multiple-relaxation-time lattice boltzmann simulation of natural convection of ethylene Glycol -Al[formula omitted]O[formula omitted] power-law Non-newtonian nanofluid in an open enclosure with adiabatic fins

The heat transfer by natural convection of a nanofluid, which is ethylene glycol−Al2O3 has been analyzed in an open cavity numerically using the multiple-relaxation-time - lattice Boltzmann method by the graphics processing unit high-performance parallel computing. The right side of the cavity is open, and different boundary conditions have been applied to all the walls. Besides, one adiabatic fin has been installed on each side of the enclosure’s top and bottom sides. Here, the Prandtl number is fixed at 16.6, and the Rayleigh number changes from 104−106 with the nanoparticle volume fraction from 0%−5% has been used for numerical simulations. Besides, in this work, the power-law index is an important parameter as well, and 0.7, 0.8, 1, 1.2, and 1.4 are the values of this parameter. Results are presented concerning both the average and local Nusselt numbers in the form of streamlines, isotherms, temperature distributions, velocity distributions, heat transfer rate, and entropy production. It is observed when increases, average Nusselt number increases 607.94%, and for this reason, the overall heat transfer rate rises because of buoyancy force. In addition, the average Nusselt number falls by 83.28% when the power-law index rises; as a result, the total heat transfer rate falls because fluid viscosity increases with the power-law index. It is also observed that for shear-thickening fluids, the temperature gradient is higher. On the contrary, the temperature started decreasing with the increase of the power-law index. Additionally, the local Nusselt number value rises as power-law index falls. Moreover, the heat transfer rate increases by 7.08% when volume fraction increases. The intensity of buoyancy force reduces with the increase of volume fraction. Besides, the overall entropy generation rises when the Rayleigh number and the volume fraction increase, but it decreases when the power-law index increases. So, when the Rayleigh number is 106, the power-law index is 0.7, and the volume fraction is 0.00 then the entropy generation is the highest. This current research has many applications for example heat exchangers, electronic cooling equipment, solar heating systems, aerospace applications, medical devices, and entropy generation-related systems.

Amplifying thermal performance of solar flat plate collector by Al2O3/ Cu/MWCNT/SiO2 mono and hybrid nanofluid

Flat plate collectors (FPCs) have garnered widespread usage in applications such as water heating, space heating, and various thermal systems, presenting an eco-friendly and sustainable approach to harnessing solar energy. However, the thermal performance of FPCs has been adversely affected by the improper selection of Heat Transfer Fluids (HTFs). The purpose of the work is to explore and demonstrate the potential advancements in solar flat plate collector (FPC) technology through the use of nanofluids to Enhance Energy Conversion, Explore Synergistic Effects, Contribute to Sustainable Energy Solutions and Address Technological Challenges. That is to optimize the thermal performance of FPCs by incorporating standalone and hybrid nanoparticles into the base fluid to augment their thermal properties. This approach explores new possibilities for synergistic effects and enhanced thermal properties, offering a novel contribution to the field of nanofluid research. The standalone and hybrid nanofluids encompass nanoparticles such as Al2O3, Cu, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and SiO2 at a concentration of 0.5 wt%. In the preparation of hybrid nanofluids, equal volume fractions (25 % each) of Al2O3, Cu, MWCNT, and SiO2 nanoparticles were employed. The investigation includes the evaluation of thermal performance parameters, namely heat gain, heat loss coefficients, and thermal efficiency of FPCs, comparing these values with those of water. Hybrid nanofluids exhibit significantly improved thermal performance compared to both plain water and monodisperse nanofluids. Employing hybrid nanofluids yields results that indicate a peak outlet temperature of approximately 83.2 °C, a higher heat gains of 2385 W, a reduced heat loss coefficient of 25.5 W/m2K, and a peak thermal efficiency of 70.4 %. The use of hybrid nanofluids, as opposed to monodisperse nanofluids, offers superior thermal performance for flat plate collector-based solar heating systems.

Peristaltic flow under the effects of tilted magnetic field: enhancing heat transfer using graphene nanoparticles

ABSTRACT This study investigates the consequences of inclined magnetic field and thermal radiation on peristaltic transportation of nanofluid through a porous media. The nanoliquid is composed of graphene nanoparticles and water. Viscous dissipation, mixed convection, thermal radiation, Joule heating and gravity effects are also considered. Mathematical modeling is carried out under small Reynolds number and large wavelength approximations. Resulting system of equations is numerically solved through built-in command NDSolve through Mathematica. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of volume fraction of nanoparticles, phase difference, inclination angle of the applied magnetic field, geometry parameters, Hartmann, Darcy and Brinkman numbers on axial velocity, temperature profile, heat transfer rates at the boundaries, pressure gradient, and pressure rise per wavelength. Outcomes of this study reveal that the addition of graphene nanoparticles enhances heat transfer performance. Velocity profile reduces and temperature increases for greater Hartmann number. Moreover, higher values of Hartmann number enhance heat transfer performance and peristaltic pumping. The enhancement of Darcy number increases velocity, temperature, and pressure while decreasing the peristaltic pumping. Variation in thermal radiation parameter reduces the temperature profile. The rate of pumping and pressure gradient decreases on increasing Froude number.

Thermal Transportation in Heat Generating and Chemically Reacting MHD Maxwell Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Past Inclined Stretching Porous Sheet in Porous Medium with Solar Radiation Effects

The emerging concept of hybrid nanofluids has grabbed the attention of researchers and scientists due to improved thermal performance because of their remarkable thermal conductivities. These fluids have enormous applications in engineering and industrial sectors. Therefore, the present research study examines thermal and mass transportation in hybrid nanofluid past an inclined linearly stretching sheet using the Maxwell fluid model. In the current problem, the hybrid nanofluid is engineered by suspending a mixture of aluminum oxide Al2O3 and copper Cu nanoparticles in ethylene glycol. The fluid flow is generated due to the linear stretching of the sheet and the sheet is kept inclined at the angle ζ=π/6 embedded in porous medium. The current proposed model also includes the Lorentz force, solar radiation, heat generation, linear chemical reactions, and permeability of the plate effects. Here, in the current simulation, the cylindrical shape of the nanoparticles is considered, as this shape has proven to be excellent for the thermal performance of the nanomaterials. The governing equations transformed into ordinary differential equations are solved using MATLAB bvp4c solver. The velocity field declines with increasing magnetic field parameter, Maxwell fluid parameter, volume fractions of nanoparticles, and porosity parameter but increases with growing suction parameter. The temperature drops with increasing magnetic field force and suction parameter values but increases with increasing radiation parameter and volume fraction values. The concentration profile increases with increasing magnetic field parameters, porosity parameters, and volume fractions but reduces with increasing chemical reaction parameters and suction parameters. It has been noted that the purpose of the inclusion of thermal radiation is to augment the temperature that is serving the purpose in the current work. The addition of Lorentz force slows down the speed of the fluid and raises the boundary layer thickness, which is visible in the current study. It has been concluded that, when heat generation parameters increase, the temperature field increases correspondingly for both nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids. The increase in the volume fraction of the nanoparticles is used to enhance the thermal performance of the hybrid nanofluid, which is evident in the current results. The current results are validated by comparing them with published ones.

Investigation of squeezing Cu–water Casson nanofluid flow with an internal heat source through the Bernoulli wavelet method

The present numerical Bernoulli wavelet technique aims at investigating the heat transfer of Casson nanofluid flow squeezed between parallel plates with the influence of an internal heat source. The fundamental governing equations describing the proposed flow problem is expressed in terms of highly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations via appropriate similarity transformations. The numerical Bernoulli wavelet method (BWM) is used to solve these nonlinear equations. Numerical outcomes of the BWM are compared with the different numerical results. Comparison between calculated results showed that the BWM is more suitable and correct than the any numerical method. The effects of each parameters, such as the Casson parameter, internal heat generation/absorption parameter, squeezing number, and nanoparticle volume fraction on the velocity and temperature are presented graphically and discussed. Overall, this research provides novel insights into the heat transfer characteristics of Casson nanofluids in squeezing flows with internal heating, which are highly relevant to several industrial processes and biomedical applications.

Melting heat transfer and entropy analysis of ternary Casson nanofluids flow with second slip conditions: Application on rocket engine cooling

Heat transfer analysis of Casson nanofluid flow with single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes and Al2O3 or GO nanoparticles, which are suspended in kerosene oil, is elucidated. The impact of second slip conditions on the flow system’s velocity, temperature, and solutal is considered, along with the effect of melting heat transfer and nanoparticle shape factor. The appraisal’s novelty is the incorporation of second slip conditions on kerosene oil flow containing with new three distinct nanoparticles. Similar variables are used to convert the governing equations into ordinary equations which are then solved using homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The profiles of velocity, temperature, concentration, and Bejan number are estimated for various values of relevant parameters. Results demonstrate that the Bejan number declines due to enhance the first thermal parameter and second velocity parameter, while the contrary tendency is examined by raising the Casson fluid parameter and first velocity parameter. Al2O3-SWCNT-MWCNT TNF responds more strongly than GO-SWCNT-MWCNT TNF when the temperature is coupled with (nanoparticles volume fraction, first thermal parameter), axial velocity with (nanoparticles volume fraction, first velocity parameter, first thermal parameter), and Bejan number with melting parameter. This study is to help rocket engine designers identify the optimal nanofluids for cooling and fuel.

Prabhakar fractional model for natural convection flow of kerosene oil based hybrid nanofluid containing ferric oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles

Based on enhanced thermal performances of hybrid nanomaterials, various multidisciplinary applications of such hybrid nanofluids are presented in the cooling processes, HVAC systems, energy sectors, boosting the energy sources, automotive thermal systems etc. Owing to such motivated applications in mind, different mathematical models are developed. However, the thermal analysis for hybrid nanofluid with help of fractional models is not focused properly. Therefore, the objective of current research is to develop a mathematical model for enhancement of heat transfer by using the hybrid nanofluid. The decomposition of zinc oxide (ZnO) and ferric oxide (Fe3O4) with kerosene oil base fluid is used for identifying the thermal reflection of hybrid nanofluid. The motivations to improve the thermal prospective of kerosene oil is due to its importance in the energy sources as a fuel and industrial applications like solvent, degreaser and operation of air craft. The vertical moving surface is used to initiates the flow. The natural convective flow is further perturbed with applications of mixed convection effects. The evaluation for heat transfer is inspected by incorporating the external heat source. The mathematical modelling of problem is presented via fractional expressions. The Prabhakar scheme is used to develop the analytical expressions. The accuracy of implemented scheme is inspected by comparing the numerical data computed via Zakian, Stehfest and Tzou's algorithms. The significance of problem is visualized in view of involved parameters like fractional parameters, nanoparticles volume fraction, Grashof number and Prandtl number. The results claim that the enhancement in heat transfer due to decomposition of zinc oxide and ferric oxide nanoparticles is more exclusive as compared to simple nanofluid. The heat transfer enhanced due to nanoparticles volume fraction.

Application of fractional derivative on nanofluid with magnetic field

The study investigates the combined impact of heat and mass transfer on a vertical plate, considering factors such as an applied magnetic field, thermal radiation, heat absorption, and a first-order chemical reaction. The fluid under examination is assumed to be an electrically conducting Cu-nanofluid based on water. Thermophysical properties are derived from Table 1 for both the base fluid (water) and nanoparticles (Cu), with the nanoparticle volume fraction chosen within the range of 0.01 to 0.02. A novel aspect of this study involves considering both passive and active control of the Maxwell nanofluid. The governing equations are solved using the Laplace transform technique to obtain uniform closed-form solutions. Graphical representations illustrate the velocity, temperature, concentration, and Bio-Convection profiles under various flow parameters. Remarkably, the velocity profile exhibits consistent behavior for both stationary η = 0 and moving η = 1 plates, as depicted in Figures 2–10. The obtained semi-analytical solutions successfully fulfill all initial and boundary conditions. Moreover, manipulating the nanoparticle volume fraction demonstrates significant control over the flow and heat transfer characteristics.

Linear temporal stability of Jeffery–Hamel flow of nanofluids

Flow stability plays a key role in transition to turbulence in various systems. This transition initiates with disturbances appearing in the laminar base flow, potentially amplifying over time based on flow and fluid parameters. In response to these amplified disturbances, the flow undergoes successive stages of different laminar flows, ultimately transitioning to turbulence. One influential parameter affecting flow stability is the nanoparticle volume fraction (ϕ) in nanofluids, extensively employed in thermofluid systems like cooling devices to enhance fluid thermal conductivity and the heat transfer coefficient. Focusing on the impact of nanoparticles on Jeffery–Hamel flow stability, this study assumes fluid properties are temperature- and pressure-independent, exclusively examining the momentum transfer aspect. The analysis commences by deriving the base laminar flow solution. Subsequently, linear temporal stability analysis is employed, imposing infinitesimally-small perturbations on the base flow as a modified form of normal modes. A generalized Orr–Sommerfeld equation is derived and solved using a spectral method. Results indicate that, assuming nanofluid viscosity as μnf=μf/(1−ϕ)2.5, nanoparticle effects on momentum transfer and flow stability hinge on the ratio of nano-solid particle density to base fluid density (Rρ=ρs/ρf). For ϕ∈(0,0.1], flow stabilization occurs with ϕ when Rρ<3.5000, while destabilization is observed when Rρ>4.0135. Notably, nanoparticles exhibit a negligible impact on flow stability when 3.5000≤Rρ≤4.0135.

Heat transfer analysis in a horizontal anisotropic porous channel with Bi-viscous Bingham nanofluid and temperature-dependent Brownian diffusion

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to present a mathematical model for the fully developed flow of Bi-viscous Bingham nanofluid through a uniform-width anisotropic porous channel. The model incorporates a generalized Brinkman-Darcy formulation for the porous layers while considering the motion of nanoparticles influenced by both Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis effects.Design/methodology/approachThe similarity transformations derived through Lie group analysis are used to reduce the system from nonlinear partial differential equations to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The finite difference method-based numerical routine bvp4c is employed to collect and graphically present the outcomes for velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration profiles. The flow pattern is analyzed through streamlined plots. Furthermore, skin friction, heat, and mass transmission rates are investigated and presented via line plots.FindingsIt is observed that in anisotropic porous media, the temperature profile is stronger than in isotropic porous media. The thermal anisotropic parameter enhances the concentration profile while reducing the temperature.Practical implicationsAnisotropy arises in various industrial and natural systems due to factors such as preferred orientation or asymmetric geometry of fibers or grains. Hence, this study has applications in oil extraction processes, certain fibrous and biological materials, geological formations, and dendritic zones formed during the solidification of binary alloys.Originality/value1. The permeability and thermal conductivity are not constant; instead, they have different values in the x and y directions. 2. This study considers the dependency of thermophoresis on nanoparticle volume fraction and Brownian diffusion on the temperature in both the fluid flow equations and boundary conditions. 3. A novel similarity transformation is derived using Lie group analysis instead of using an existing transformation already available in the literature.