Related Vocabulary Research Articles

IDENTIFIKASI KEKERABATAN BAHASA NON-AUSTRONESIA DI WILAYAH PAKAI BAHASA KAO

This research aims to reconstruct non-Austronesian language relationships focus on the languages of the Kao ethnic, Pagu ethnic, Boeng ethnic, and Modole ethnicities in the Kao sub-district, West District, North District, Kao Teluk District and Malifut District. The method used in this research focuses on lexicostatistical methods to find similarities, differences, similarities in linguistic characteristics (shared of linguistics) in related vocabulary in the languages of the Kao ethnicity, Pagu ethnicity, Boeng ethnicity, and Modole ethnicity. The approach in this study uses a comparative historical and qualitative descriptive approach. The results found in this study are (1) the existence of kinship data for non-Austronesian languages in the Kao ethnic, Pagu ethnic, Boeng and Modole ethnic languages, (2) non-Austronesian languages in ethnic Kao, Pagu ethnic, Boeng ethnic have a close relationship compared to Modole ethnic (3) The basic vocabulary patterns of the Kao ethnic, Pagu ethnic, Boeng ethnic, and Modole ethnic form word structures Vowels (V), Vocal-Consonants (VC), Consonants-Vowels (CV), Consonants-Vocals-Consonants (CVC), Consonants-Vocals-Consonants-Consonants (CVCC), and Consonants-Consonants-Vocals (CCV). (4) The proto-kinship languages of the Kao, Pagu, Boeng, and Modole ethnicities have the proto-kinship languages of Kao, Pagu, and short Boeng (PKaoPB), which means that they come from one body, while the language of the Modole ethnic group has a language level of This microphylum that describes the Modole ethnic language has a kinship with the Kao ethnic language, whose tempo of separation is estimated to be 50-75 centuries ago. The conclusions of the study confirmed that the non-Austronesian language families, in this case the languages of the Kao ethnicity, Pagu ethnicity, Boeng ethnicity, and Modole ethnicity, have inter-ethnic kinship relationships that are built on one language family (language family).

'FAMILY' RELATED VOCABULARIES IN "WAR AND PEACE" AND "THE MAN OF PROPERTY"

'FAMILY' RELATED VOCABULARIES IN "WAR AND PEACE" AND "THE MAN OF PROPERTY"

A Comparative Linguistic Study on Ambai, Ansus, Menawi and Biak Languages in Papua

This study is historical-comparative linguistic research of the languages of indigenous peoples in Saireri Bay, Papua province, namely the Ambai, Ansus, Menawi, and Biak languages. These languages are classified as non-Austronesian languages (SIL, 2000) and are hypothesized to be closely related. This study aims to find accurate evidence to reveal the genetic relationship level between these four languages. The study's data consisted of the Swadesh list's 200 basic words. The method applied in this study is a comparative method, supported by observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Based on the lexicostatistics technique, it was found that the quantitative evidence indicated that the highest related cognates reach 47% and the lower-level reach 38%, based on the lexicostatistics from the Swedish’s 200 basic vocabularies. The percentage of the related vocabulary is higher than in the other languages in the regency. The qualitative evidence found is the exclusive shared phonological and lexical innovation, strengthening the quantitative evidence. The innovation that phoneme PAAMB *j turns into/z/and/d/, *h turns into/O/on Biak. Besides that, metathesis, omission, and phoneme addition. In addition, after the reconstruction, the phoneme system of Proto-language Ansus-Ambai-Menawi and Biak (PAAMB) with segmental phonemes is five vowels and 15 consonant phonemes. The vowels of PAAMB are *i, *e, *a, *o, and *u, which have complete distribution, and the consonants that are (1) consonants that have complete distribution *p, *m, *h, (2) consonants that have distribution in the initial and middle of words *b, *w, *f, *t, *d, *n, *s *r, *j, *k, *g, *y, dan *h.

From terrible twos to sassy sixes: The development of vocabulary and executive functioning across early childhood.

Across the early childhood period of development, young children exhibit considerable growth in their executive functioning (EF) and vocabulary abilities. Understanding the developmental trajectory of these seemingly interrelated processes is important as both early vocabulary and EF have been shown to predict critical academic and socio-emotional outcomes later in childhood. Although previous research suggests that EF and vocabulary are correlated in early childhood, much of the existing longitudinal research has focused on unidirectional relations among preschool child samples. The current large-scale study, therefore, sought to examine whether children's vocabulary and EF abilities are bidirectionally related over time across four measurement waves in early childhood (i.e., at ages 2, 3, 4, and 6). At each timepoint, children's vocabulary skills were positively correlated with their concurrent EF abilities. After controlling for child sex and maternal education status, the best-fitting, cross-lagged panel model was a unidirectional model whereby children's early vocabulary scores predicted their later EF performance at each timepoint. Although age 2 EF significantly predicted age 3 vocabulary size, this association was no longer significant after accounting for maternal education status. Our results illustrate that vocabulary size plays an important role in predicting children's later EF performance across various timepoints in early childhood, even after controlling for children's initial EF scores. These findings have important implications for intervention research as fostering early vocabulary acquisition may serve as a possible avenue for improving EF outcomes in young children. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Children's vocabulary size is positively correlated with their concurrent executive functioning skill at ages 2, 3, 4, and 6 Young children's early vocabulary scores predict their later EF performance across measurement waves, even after controlling for initial EF skill There is stability in children's relative vocabulary size and executive functioning performance over time in early childhood.

Kekerabatan Bahasa Melayu Ujung Gading Kecamatan Lembah Melintang dan Bahasa Mandailing Air Bangis Kecamatan Sungai Beremas Kabupaten Pasaman Barat

The benefits of this research are (1) to determine the proportion of the degree of kinship between the two languages ​​being studied (2) to determine the length of time the separation between the two languages ​​is being studied (3) to find out the sound correspondence between the languages ​​being studied. Comparative history of linguistics is the type of research used. Next, qualitative and quantitative are the methods used by the researcher. The object of this research is the Malay language which originates from Nagari Ujung Gading which is in the Lembah Melintang sub-district and the Mandailing language in the Nagari Air Bangis area which is in the Sungai Beremas sub-district, West Pasaman Regency. The information in this research is the cognate vocabulary of two hundred basic Swadesh vocabulary and three hundred cultural vocabulary from the two languages ​​that will be studied. Recording equipment/cameras and stationery are research instruments. Proficiency procedures (fishing method and conversant methods) and advanced methods (advanced proficient engagement methods and note-taking methods) are procedures and methods for providing data in research. The method used to analyze information is a lexicostatistical method with a glottochronology method. Based on calculations and research data using lexicostatistical techniques, it was found that related vocabulary in the Malay language in the Ujung Gading area, which is in the Lembah Melintang sub-district, and the Mandailing language in the Air Bangis area, which is in the Sungai Beremas sub-district, to be precise, in the West Pasaman Regency, is 242 words cognat (relatives) and then 258 words are not. cognate. So, the proportion level of kinship between the two languages ​​is 41.5%. Furthermore, based on the calculation of the glotochronological method, it was found that the separation of the two languages ​​was 2027 years ago. Based on the five hundred vocabularies found sound correspondences, there are 103 vocabularies of similar or identical forms, 79 selected sound/phoneme vocabulary, 47 sound/phoneme absorption vocabulary, and 13 sound/phoneme accumulations that correspond to sound.

The impact of COVID-19 and its terminology learning strategies on EFL learners’ vocabulary repertoire

COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented crisis worldwide posing many linguistic challenges including understanding and learning new related terminology. This study explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its terminology learning strategies on EFL learners' vocabulary acquisition, particularly in Jordan. A triangulated approach was employed for collecting data including interviews, tests and a questionnaire distributed to 100 EFL learners at a Jordanian university. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data showed a positive influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and its terminology strategies on EFL learners' knowledge of vocabulary. It also revealed that the participants were “medium” users of cognitive, determination, and social strategies and “high” users of metacognitive and memory vocabulary learning strategies for acquiring COVID-19 associated terminology. The analysis of the tests demonstrated that the COVID-19 and its Vocabulary Language Strategies (VLSs) have a significant positive impact on students' vocabulary knowledge size. Thus, it verified the effectiveness of the reported strategies for acquiring COVID-19 terminology. The learners' vocabulary repertoire has been enriched with new COVID-19 related vocabulary such as quarantine, lockdown, incubation, pandemic, contagious, outbreak, epidemic, pathology, infectious, asymptomatic, covidiot, pneumonia, anorexia, etc. The findings highlighted the importance of employing efficient strategies for investing newly emerging contexts to cultivate learners’ vocabulary repertoire. This study contributes to the area of language acquisition through extensive illustrations of COVID-19 associated lexicon and the intensified-in use associated vocabulary learning strategies. The study concludes with some pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research.

The Influence of Online Game Mobile Legends in Students’ Vocabulary Mastery at Eleventh Grade of Vocational High School Number 1 Jambi City

The objectives of this research is to find out what is the influence of online game Mobile Legends in students’ vocabulary mastery at eleventh grade of Vocational High School Number 1 Kota Jambi. This research has done this research while Covid-19 Pandemic and did this research face to face with students. This research used quantitative method with a survey design. In this research, population of this research is students of Eleventh Grade at Vocational High School Kota Jambi and sample of the research is XI TKJ 3 class. This research used a questionnaire as a collecting data consists of 16 questions divided into positive influence, negative influence and related vocabulary mastery. This research used descriptive analysis as the analyzing data. The results of this research showed that positive influence has a higher score 654 (44,18%) than negative influence has a lower score 416 (28,07%). And, in related vocabulary mastery got score 413 (27,86%). It could be concluded that Mobile Legends have greater positive influence than negative influence in learning English, especially in mastering English vocabulary such as the students can add new English vocabulary by playing the game and they can also practice other English skills like listening, writing, reading, and speaking.

Par luksofora krāsu nosaukumu polisēmijas paplašināšanos Covid-19 pandēmijas laikā

The article overviews the names for colours (red, yellow, green) used in traffic lights, which during the COVID-19 pandemic have acquired several new secondary meanings that general dictionaries do not contain, to differentiate: 1) restrictions of various severity to prevent the spreading of the disease (e.g. red restrictions or looser yellow restrictions), 2) areas with different risk levels of catching COVID-19 (e.g. the yellow list countries, the COVID-unsafe ‘yellow’ and ‘red’ list countries, the ‘green’ wave), 3) different safety levels of activities (e.g. ‘red’ environment, ‘yellow’ or ‘partly safe’ area or the so-called yellow activities, ‘green format’). Besides excerpts from the Internet in Latvian (material from public institutions, mass media portals (articles and commentaries), forums, and social networks), examples from other languages (Russian, German) with similar meanings and their explanations are included that are available in Corona-lexis related vocabularies, i.e. online databases. The descriptive method and partly also the comparative method are used. The work aimed to gather, classify and analyse the uses of specific colour names as attributes in concord, and to explain their new meanings. It led to the conclusion that to designate the new realia, secondary meanings to the universal symbolic meanings of the red and green colours are derived, e.g. green – safe, it is allowed; red – alarm, indicates danger, prohibition. However, the new meanings of the yellow colour are associated with the intermediate position between red and green (like in traffic lights): looser restrictions, partial safety, and moderate morbidity. As the described meanings of colour names are fairly new in the language, it is difficult to decide on their inclusion in general dictionaries (Thesaurus, Dictionary of Contemporary Latvian Language (MLVV)). Nevertheless, they should be included in a COVID-lexis glossary, if any will be compiled.

Practical Values of Thesaurus of Modern Chinese in Nursing Scope Vocabulary

Abstract. The perspective formed by the mother tongue frequently influences the vocabulary used in speaking and writing while learning a new language. To make identifying and selecting the appropriate vocabulary according to the terminology commonly used by native speakers in the nursing field easier, Mandarin learners, notably those studying nursing, need vocabulary references that are organised systematically based on vocabulary domains. This study aims to serve as a resource for the processes in learning to increase overall proficiency in Mandarin for nursing. A Thesaurus of Modern Chinese (TMC) contains the lexical-semantic structure of Mandarin. Therefore, Chinese learners can learn the syntactic language that native Chinese speakers regularly use. This study examines the scope of vocabulary case studies in nursing from this thesaurus. The research strategy looks for relevant terminology in the nursing sector. This study also investigates the value of knowing Chinese to help nursing careers and the exposure to learning Mandarin in the nursing industry by related vocabulary. By selecting the nursing scope vocabulary from the thesaurus, This study can take more terms, particularly complex words, which are simple for native speakers but challenging for foreign learners.Keywords: A Thesaurus Of Modern Chinese; Mandarin Language Ability; Career Advancement; Nursing Expertise; Vocabulary

CALL Project-Based Program to Enhance Student-Teachers’ TEFL Skills

Students-teachers are students who study to become Teaching English as a Foreign language (TEFL) teachers. They receive teaching trainings, observe certified teachers’ teachings performance, and do some supervised teaching practices in EFL classrooms for the elementary and secondary stages. The current study aims at presenting a supplementary program to support a practical course on methods of teaching English as a foreign language for the elementary stage. The supplementary program has been developed by the researcher to enhance Arab Open University (AOU) student-teachers’ skills of teaching listening, speaking, reading, writing, and vocabulary for elementary stage pupils through a language project that focuses on instilling social values in these young pupils. This was mainly done with samples of practical examples, interactive discussions and tasks of practical nature posted on Learning Management System (LMS) following Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) methodology in accordance with the Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs) of the course. The study has adopted the Constructoactive Model developed by Sahakian and Ghoneim (2007) to promote pupils’ knowledge of different methods of teaching English as a foreign language and to familiarize young pupils with good social values and their related vocabulary items. In addition, the supplementary program has adopted Stoller's (1997) model for developing project work. The model has proved to be helpful in promoting the student-teachers’ performance in teaching different language skills, writing lesson plans and giving demo class presentations for the developed lesson plans by using PowerPoint/Prezi presentations, open-source video/audio links and a number of software programs (such as Kahoot, Quizlet, and Grammarly).

Social Communication Predictors in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Theoretical Review

social communication represents one of the main areas of impairment in the case of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (APA, 2013). Several studies have investigated predictors in this domain; however, the results are mostly inconsistent or lack clarity. The purpose of this theoretical review is to analyze studies that address vocabulary, prosody, and cognitive flexibility in relation to deficits in pragmatic language, in the case of individuals with ASD. This synthesis was conducted on 18 studies, based on a systematic search of ScienceDirect and NCBI (PubMed and PubMed Central) databases. A number of 1523 participants were included in the analyzed studies. Results indicate that prosody has a major impact on social communication. However, difficulties in processing prosody do not account as the only predictors in the general abilities of language and communication. Regarding the executive functioning, future research is needed to fully understand the relationship between social communication and cognitive flexibility.

Children’s understanding of relational language for quantity comparisons

Numerical order and magnitude are important aspects of early number knowledge. We investigated children’s understanding of relational vocabulary for representing and communicating about order (before/after) and magnitude (bigger/smaller, more/less). In Experiment 1, 4- to 7-year-old children compared symbolic numbers, non-symbolic discrete quantities, and continuous amounts using relational words (N = 151). In Experiment 2, 4- to 6-year-old children made yes/no judgements of ordinal and magnitude relations between symbolic numbers (N = 60). Children showed lower performance with ordinal vocabulary compared to magnitude vocabulary (Experiment 1). Further, children were less likely to endorse the use of ordinal language for non-consecutive numbers than consecutive numbers, but showed no difference for magnitude language (e.g., 6 and 7 are bigger than 5, but only 6 comes after 5; Experiment 2). These results suggest a divergence in children’s understanding of magnitude and ordinal vocabulary, suggesting a dissociation between these two concepts and/or the language used to communicate about them.

The mainstreamisation of web related vocabulary: “Buzz” and “Trolls” in French media archives

This article analyses the French mainstreamisation process of web related vocabularies through the lens of a collection of archived fragments from national and regional media outlets. A cultural materialist approach is chosen to question the “naturalisation” of a so-called “web language” (langage web) and highlights the role of mediations which help turn once-marginal “jargon” terms into popular digital keywords. This perspective is explored through a diptych of case studies on the discursive journeys of “Buzz” and “Trolls” (1999–2021) using texts and screenshots from Europresse and Internet Archive.

Développement lexical dans le cadre d’une déficience intellectuelle : le point sur la question

IntroductionLexical development of children with intellectual disability has received poor attention in the scientific literature compared to general language development. PubMed and Scopus databases identify around 13,000 peer-reviewed scientific publications on general language development of people with intellectual disabilities and 20 times fewer results on lexical development. DiscussionThe studies analyzed in this article refer to two distinct fields of research: (1) the comparative study of children with disabilities and neurotypical children's developmental trajectories and (2) the description of the referential content of the lexicon and of the learning process. The first line of research describes the general shape of the lexical acquisition trajectory of children with intellectual disabilities; trajectory marked by a later and less important lexical explosion than the one observed in neurotypical children. It is also marked by the highlighting of the respective influence of mental age and chronological age (or life experience) in lexical development; the first being involved in the development of both the expressive and receptive side of the vocabulary and the second impacting only the receptive side. The second line of research gives elements of explanation for the problem identified in the mastery of complex areas of the lexicon (abstract words or relational vocabulary). These difficulties are often interpreted in terms of a deficit of conceptual knowledge and therefore of access to semantic memory. This line of research also describes the use of lexical constraints and principles in children with intellectual disabilities. The conclusions of these studies highlight abilities to generalize new words to new examples comparable to those observed in neurotypical children. The intersyndromic variability, more particularly the specific lexical profiles of people with trisomy 21 and those with Williams syndrome, crosses the two lines of research and makes it possible to identify what is specific to intellectual disability from what is specific to a particular syndrome. However, many questions still remain unanswered.

A Task-based Syllabus For Business And Economics Students

This research work aims at identifying the extent to which task-based course would answer English for Business and Economics (EBE) students’ needs. The research involves a questionnaire addressed to students and a semi-structured interview with language teachers. The results obtained showed that EBE students need adequate syllabus to achieve their academic and professional duties. They need to develop all language skills. Moreover, the task-based syllabus provides tasks of different situations in their academic and professional careers to help them promote both accuracy and fluency. The main results showed that task-based syllabus would be appropriate for EBE learners. It promotes EBE students with related vocabulary activities and choosing the appropriate teaching materials that suit the proficiency level of learners

Evaluating contributions of relative vocabulary size and demand for use on masked-speech recognition for bilingual children with normal hearing

The Children’s English and Spanish Speech Recognition Test (ChEgSS) is a tool for assessing masked-speech recognition. An audiologist could test a bilingual child’s speech recognition in both English and Spanish, but if time is limited, which language should they choose? We evaluated how two different measures of language dominance, relative demand for use and relative vocabulary size impacted word identification in noise and in a two-talker speech masker for 82 bilingual children (4–17 years) with normal hearing. The participants were exposed to Spanish from birth and varied in their initial exposure to English. Each child completed ChEgSS in English and Spanish using a 4AFC procedure. We measured vocabulary using standardized tests and demand for use using questionnaires. We created language dominance variables by standardizing values then subtracting Spanish scores from English ones. Linear regression evaluated how age and the interaction between length of exposure, relative vocabulary size, and relative language use predicted performance. Relative vocabulary size impacted thresholds, and this effect was larger for children with less exposure in the test language. Results suggest relative vocabulary size and length of exposure should inform the test language(s) used to assess clinical speech recognition.

어휘장이론을 활용한 초성 게임 한국어 어휘 교육 방안

Objectives This study aims to present teaching materials that can be used in the field of actual Korean vocabulary education by applying a new teaching method called initial consonant game focusing on the vocabulary of designated topics. Also, this is meaningful in that it prepared a vocabulary list classified based on vocabulary field theory and connected it to an effective vocabulary review education method using this game in the actual education field.
 Methods First of all, a beginner vocabulary list was organized around the vocabulary related to ‘Buying things’, and divided into part of speech; nouns, verbs, and adjectives, and rearranged into each and related vocabulary.
 Results Although I tried to use teaching methods such as blended learning in an online class environment, the contents were minimized due to limited space, Therefore, video teaching materials were even produced by making and recording initial consonant games with PPT.
 Conclusions In this way, If you educate the vocabulary list classified based on the vocabulary field using the initial consonant game, interesting learning effects can be expected as teaching materials for vocabulary review.

Penggunaan Kosakata untuk Pencitraan Diri di Media Sosial Facebook

Abstract: This study examines the use of vocabulary for self-image by users of social media facebook. This study aims to: (1) describe the form of exponential vocabulary for self-image on social media facebook; (2) describe the form of relational vocabulary for self-image on social media facebook; (3) describe the form of expressive vocabulary for self-image on social media facebook. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach by using a type of critical discourse analysis research. The critical discourse analysis model used is Fairclough's critical discourse analysis model. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research design that focuses on the research process and results. The data in this study were sourced from posts by Facebook social media users. Data collection techniques were carried out in two stages, namely: observation and documentation.The results of the study reveal that the forms of the expansive vocabulary found in this study are classification, ideological words that are fought for, lexicalization, synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms, and metaphors. The forms of relational vocabulary found in this study are euphemistic expressions, formal words, informal words, greetings, names, and personal references. The forms of expressive vocabulary found in this study are in the form of positive evaluation and negative evaluation. The use of vocabulary forms for self-image is used to support efforts to build self-image carried out on Facebook social media by Facebook social media users.Keywords: Self-image, facebook, vocabulary

Medieval multilingualism and the expression ofemotion:fearin theGawain-poet's texts

The Gersum Project has significantly developed our understanding of Norse-derived terms in English by providing a highly systematic typology for their identification. However, this article shows that, in order to fully comprehend the lexical impact that Anglo-Scandinavian contact had on medieval English, we need to go beyond the identification of the Norse-derived terms and explore their process of integration into English. To exemplify the benefits of this approach, the article analyses the make-up of the lexico-semantic field ofemotion, particularlyfear, in the texts attributed to theGawain-poet, and examines the interaction between native, Norse- and French-derived terms. This analysis moves away from the traditional study of the texts’ vocabulary in relation to their sociohistorical context, considering the terms instead from semasiological, onomasiological and stylistic perspectives. By taking this novel approach, this article addresses key linguistic and literary topics: the formal and semantic factors that facilitated the integration of Norse-derived terms into this lexico-semantic field and, more broadly, the impact that multilingualism had on the expression of emotions in medieval England; diachronic and diatopic variation in the field; and theGawain-poet's artistry and interest in fear as a key emotion closely linked to other affective and cognitive processes.

Legitimate and Illegitimate Divination in Medieval Writings

This article analyzes the characteristics of divination since early Christianity, canonical regulations on the practice, and the arguments for which it was condemned by the theologians. It will also analyze the semantic ambivalence of medieval vocabulary in relation to divinatory practices. Since only God’s prophetic power was allowed, all types of prognostication of the future without His approval were considered false and illegitimate. What this article will show is that from the early Middle Ages onwards, divination was distinguished by other prognostic methods through the nature of the divine messages and human reasoning.