VLDL Content Research Articles

Buster Effect of Apricot Kernel Oil On Hypocholesteremia

Cholesterol is a natural substance produced by liver in human body According to research based on Framingham Heart Study, ideal cholesterol level is below than 150 mg/dL. Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) is an important medicinal plant belongs to family Rosaceae which is also grown in Pakistan. In local language it is called “Kubani” having nutritious flesh, pits containing kernels. Objective: To explore therapeutic potential of apricot kernel oil on hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Method: Apricot kernel oil was extracted by cold extraction method. Rabbits were adapted for two weeks before starting treatments. Total feed doses i.e. 250 g was divided in two portions and were given to rabbits in early morning and early evening. Food consumption for every rabbit was consistent to 250 g/day for four week’s experimentation. Results: After usage of 1 % apricot Kernel oil (supplemented) the maximum blood cholesterol level decreased from 159.38 mg/dL to 122.8 mg/dL and also decreased in blood triglyceride level was from 237.82 mg/ dL to 192.20 mg/ dL. The HDL contents of rabbits were increased from 26.750 mg/ dL to 33.450 mg/ dL. LDL contents of rabbits were decreases from 46.90 mg/ dL to 36.05 mg/ dL. VLDL contents of rabbits were decreases from 23.7 mg/ dL to 18.3 mg/ dL detected after Six weeks. Conclusion: Current study was carried out. Apricot kernel oil has ability to remove the lipid profile especially cholesterol

Tea polyphenols improve lipid metabolism in hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatu) fed high-lipid diets

Long-term ingestion of high-lipid diets causes lipid metabolism disorder and excess lipid deposition. This investigation aimed to determine whether dietary tea polyphenols (TP) would alleviate the adverse effect of high-lipid diets in hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatu). Six isonitrogenous (51 %) and isolipidic (16.7 %) diets were formulated: 0 %, 0.01 %, 0.02 %, 0.04 %, 0.08 % and 0.16 % dietary TP, and named TP1 (control), TP2, TP3, TP4, TP5, and TP6. After an 8-week feeding high-lipid diets trial, the results showed that weight gain rate significantly increased in TP-treated groups which had no difference in themselves. Protein efficiency ratio of TP4 group was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the other TP-treated groups had no significant difference from the control group. Hepatosomatic index dramatically decreased in TP-treated groups. TP markedly reduced lipid content and increased protein content of muscle and whole body. TP supplement significantly reduced contents of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but increased content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum. Hepatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, and fatty acid synthetase activities in the liver significantly increased in TP-treated groups. The histology of hepatic tissue indicated that lipid droplet reduced with the increase of dietary TP, and there was no obvious difference in lipid-lowering effect observed in TP4 and TP5. Hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (α, β and γ), hormone-sensitive lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase were distinctly up-regulated by dietary TP (P < 0.05). These results imply that dietary TP primarily mediated the activation of lipolysis to improve lipid metabolism in grouper fed high-lipid diets. Based on the broken-line regressions analysis of the serous LDL and hepatic VLDL contents, 0.045–0.067 % was recommended in juvenile grouper high-lipid diets for improving lipid metabolism.

Phyllanthus amarus attenuated derangement in renal-cardiac function, redox status, lipid profile and reduced TNF-α, interleukins-2, 6 and 8 in high salt diet fed rats

High salt diet (HSD) has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of immune derangement, cardiovascular disorders and, metabolic syndromes. This study investigated the protective effect of ethanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus (EEPA) against high salt diet (HSD) induced biochemical and metabolic derangement in male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each as follows; control group fed with normal rat chow, negative control group, fed HSD only, animals on HSD treated orally with 75 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and, 150 mg/kg EEPA once daily. At the end of 8 weeks treatment, lipid profile (TG, TC, LDL, and VLDL), oxidative stress (catalase, reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde), inflammatory (TNF-a, interleukins 2, 6, and 8), cardiac (lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase) and kidney function markers (urea, uric acid, creatinine) were assessed. Serum TG, TC, LDL, and VLDL content were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in HSD-only fed rats, while HDL was significantly elevated in a concentration-dependent manner in EEPA treated animals. The extract produced a significant (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent increase in the antioxidant enzymes activities and a significant reduction in the malondialdehyde level. A significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent reduction in serum TNF-alpha, IL-2, 6, and 8 of EEPA treated rats compared with HSD-fed rats was observed. More so, reduction in serum LDH, creatine kinase, creatinine, urea, and uric acid activity of extract-treated animals were noted. EEPA attenuated high salt diet-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia in rats.

Effects of sumac fruit powder (Rhus coriaria L.) supplementation on productive performance, egg quality traits and serum biochemical parameters in old laying hens

This study aimed to investigate the effects of sumac fruit powder (SFP; Rhus coriaria L.) supplementation on productive performance, egg quality traits and serum biochemical parameters in old laying hens. One-hundred-twenty, 54 weeks old Hy-line W36 strain-laying hens were assigned to three treatments, five replicates and eight hens per replicate in a completely randomised design. Experimental diets included: (1) Control (C) without SFP supplementation, (2) 0.25% SFP and (3) 0.5% SFP supplemented diet. The experimental diets were fed for 8 weeks. The results showed that the egg production rate (EPR) and egg mass (EM) significantly reduced, and FCR increased in the SFP group compared to the control group (p < .05). During the first laying period (0–4 weeks), egg yolk percentage (YP), Yolk height (YH) and yolk index (YI) were significantly reduced by SFP supplementation; however, during both laying periods (0–4 and 4–8 weeks), yolk pH increased by 0.5% SFP supplementation as compared to the control group (p < .05). During the second laying period (4–8 weeks), Haugh unit (HU), YH and egg density (ED) significantly reduced in SFP supplemented groups (p < .05). However, albumen pH was significantly increased in both SFP supplemented groups; but, yolk pH and YI were significantly increased only in the group of birds fed diets supplemented with 0.5% SFP compared to the control group (p < .05). The serum biochemical analysis showed that SFP supplementation significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < .05). SFP supplementation significantly reduced triglyceride, cholesterol and VLDL content of serum (p < .05). Also, yolk triglyceride showed a significant reduction through SFP supplementation (p < .05). In conclusion, SFP supplementation in the laying hens’ diet could significantly reduce triglycerides and cholesterol levels and increase the antioxidant status of laying hens. Nevertheless, it might have negative impacts on production performance. Highlights Sumac fruit powder (SFP) can be used as a potential alternative to antibiotics and synthetic antioxidants. SFP can significantly reduce serum cholesterol and triglyceride by interrupting lipid absorbance. SFP can significantly reduce production performance due to reducing blood and, subsequently, yolk lipids levels, especially cholesterol and triglyceride.

ANTI-HYPER LIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SMILAX WIGHTII A.DC. IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS

Smilax wightii, an endemic medicinal plant is found in the shola forests at high altitudes in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats, Southern India . The present study, was undertaken to find out the effect of methanolic extract of this plant on the body weight, fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profiles inall the streptozotocin (STZ) induced rats. The extract exerted a significant (P&lt;0.05) effect in the body weight of the experimental animals when compared to the control group. Treatment with the extract and glibenclamide resulted in a significant (P&lt;0.01) reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic ratswhen compared to the normal. The lipid profile such as TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL contents in the serum registered a significant (P&lt;0.01) hike and a decline in the HDL contents in diabetic control group, which were retrieved to near normalcy in the plant extract treated groups. The effect produced by this plant extract wascomparable with that of glibenclamide. The decreased fasting blood glucose levels and lipid lowering properties clearly showed the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of S.wightii.

Toxicological studies of Darvyadi Kvatha Curna using albino rats

Darvyadi Kvatha Curna (DVY), is an Ayurvedic preparation which is used in leucorrhoea in the rural population as a traditional medicine. This Ayurvedic preparation was administered chronically to the male and female rats to explore the toxicological characteristics of this preparation. After the administration of DVY preparation for a period of 45 days, the following biochemical parameters (protein, albumin.triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, HDL, creatinine, uric acid, urea, and bilirubin) in the plasma of both the male and female rats were determined. In the study the total protein content in the plasma was increased (2.75%) in the DVY treated male rats. The result showed no significant difference between the control and the DVY treated groups; but the p value, though was not significant yet it was noticeable (p=0.073). Interestingly, the albumin content was significantly increased (17.21%) in DVY treated male rats. In the female rats group the total protein and the albumin content in the plasma were also increased in comparison to their control groups. A statistically significant (13.46%) increase was noted only in the case of albumin. In the male rats there was a significant decrease in the Triglycerides content in the plasma. After chronic administration of the traditional medicine the triglyceride level was 31.15% decreased in male rats group. Also insignificant decrease was noted in the total Cholesterol and HDL content in the plasma with 4.12% and 1.07% decrease respectively. Besides insignificant increase was noted in the VLDL content in the plasma with 18.16% increase. But only in the case of the content of the LDL in plasma a significant decrease (12.72 % decr.) was noted. In the female rats there was a significant decrease in the Triglycerides content in the plasma. Here the test medicine also decreased the triglyceride level by 9.47% in female rats group. Also an insignificant decrease in the total Cholesterol, VLDL, LDL and HDL content in the plasma was noted with 4.12 %, 6.94 %, 2.46 % and 0.78 % decrease respectively. In the male rats there was a significant decrease (51.37 %) in the Bilirubin content in the plasma. In the female rats there was a significant increase (33.38 %) in the Bilirubin content in the plasma. There was an increase in the plasma creatinine (2.28 %) in the DVY treated male rats, though this increase was not significant, yet noticeable (p=0.072). On the contrary, a significant decrease in the urea (11.90%) content in plasma was noted. In female rats, there was a significant decrease in both the Creatinine (36.60 %) and Urea (7.72%) content in the plasma. It was observed that about 11.71% decrease in plasma uric acid content of DVY treated male rats in comparison to their control male rats which is statistically significant. It was observed that the female rats showed significant increase in the concentration of uric acid (11.68%) level in comparison to their control female rats.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i2.10438 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 4(2) 2011: 29-34

Evaluation of different medicinal plants blends in diets for broiler chickens

The effects of five blends of medicinal plants on performance, carcass characteristics, humoral immunity and serum lipids of broiler chickens were studied in this experiment. A total of 304 day- old male Ross-308 broiler chicks were allocated into six dietary treatments including basal diet with no supplement as control group (C), basal diet plus 10 g/kg of herbal blends including; garlic, cinnamon, thyme, rosemary and anise (B), thyme, caraway, carum copticum (G), alfalfa, senna, corn flower and absinthe (D) alfalfa, liquorice root, great burdock, cinnamon (F), polygermander, water cress, absinthe and echinacea purpura (E). Live body weight (LBW), average daily gain (ADG), daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass characteristics, concentration of some serum metabolites, immunological properties such as antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus as well as relative weights of bursa gland and spleen were studied in the experimental birds. Addition of blend D to the diet resulted in insignificant improvement of LBW whereas blend E decreased the birds LBW when compared with control group (p < 0.05) at 21 and 42 days of age. Significant depression of ADG in 1-21 and 1-42 and higher FCR in 1-42 rearing periods were also recorded in the blend E treated chickens (p < 0.05). The birds DFI were not affected by the experimental diets. Higher cholesterol contents of serum in B, F and G groups at day 33 and lower TG and VLDL contents at day 21 of age were noticeable changes in to the measured serum metabolites (p < 0.05). The addition of 10 g/kg blend F to the broiler diet resulted in the most consistent improvement in antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus (p < 0.05) among the groups. Lower carcass yield was documented in the administration of blend E in broiler diet than control and D treated birds (p < 0.05). The supplemented medicinal plants used in this study did not create significant enhancement in broiler bird's performance; however, some improvements were occurred in immunological properties and serum related parameters. In conclusion, blend D that contained alfalfa, senna, corn flower and absinthe may be a proper candidate to fulfill the demand of poultry industry in search for safe and efficient growth enhancers. Key words: Medicinal plants, growth performance, immune system, broiler chicks.

Qualitative and quantitative changes in hepatic lipoprotein particles following acute injury of the rat liver induced by thioacetamide.

Acute intoxication of the rat liver with a single dose of 100 mg thioacetamide (TAA)/kg body weight causes within 48 h a fatty liver and a heterogeneous reaction in the hepatocytes. This affects principally the centrilobular liver parenchymal cells (zone 3) and to a lesser extent the periportal ones (zone 1). Ultrastructural analysis was performed to determine to what extent the formation of lipid-carrying particles of the very low density type (VLDL) is changed in affected hepatocytes in zones 1 and 3. Being morphologically the most conspicuous site of VLDL processing, the Golgi complex was chosen for quantitation by measuring its volume, VLDL content and particle size. The concentration and composition of the liver lipids were determined, biochemically. After TAA treatment of the liver the number of Golgi-VLDL particles is significantly reduced to about 50% in both the lobular zones examined. In addition, distinct classes of size-modified Golgi-VLDL particles appear which show an abnormally wide size distribution pattern. In periportal hepatocytes the size distribution of Golgi-VLDL particles shows a clear shift towards smaller particles homogeneous in size (mean diameter 39 nm). In contrast, centrilobular hepatocytes contain particles of very heterogeneous size, the mean diameter of which is nearly doubled (77 nm). The decrease in VLDL particle number and their size modification induced by TAA is not accompanied by significant changes in the volume of the Golgi complex. Biochemical analysis showed that the accumulation of lipids in the TAA-treated liver, mainly evident morphologically as drop-like deposits in the central area of the liver lobules, is due to an increase in triglycerides (TG) by 23 mumol/g liver wet weight, which represents nearly 95% of the accumulated lipids. Despite the striking elevation of the absolute cholesterol ester (CHOL-E) content (2 mumol/g liver wet weight), this corresponds to only 5% of the newly accumulated lipids. Our electron optical and biochemical results support the suggestion that, in spite of the markedly different intralobular reaction of TAA-intoxicated hepatocytes, the formation of triglyceride-carrying particles is altered significantly in both lobular zones examined.

A Case of Xanthomatosis and Hyperlipoproteinemia Type V Propably Induced by Overdosage of Insulin

A woman, aged 46 years, with a hyperlipoproteinemia phenotype V, an unusual type of xanthomatosis, as well as lipemia retinalis, diabetes mellitus, and nephropathia, is discussed. The withdrawal of 64 IU insulin and the institution of a hypocaloric diabetes diet resulted in the disappearance of the skin lesions and a regression of the eye lesion. During this treatment the total lipid-level became almost normal (6,965 mg% before treatment and 947 mg% after 10 weeks). The chylomicrons disappeared but the VLDL content remained relatively and absolutely elevated, as in type IV hyperlipoproteinemia.