VviAHA10, a tonoplast P3A-type ATPase from Vitis vinifera, reveals a functional link between vacuolar flavonoid accumulation and abiotic stress responses.

A review of plant-derived products regulating amyloid beta-degrading enzymes in Alzheimer's disease.

Phenolic compounds and flavonoids as part of bioactive substances in grape pomace extracts from six cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. grown in the Tajna locality (Slovakia)

Grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD) poses a serious threat to viticulture in the United States. Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), a member species of Grablovirus vitis (family Geminiviridae), the causal agent of GRBD, disrupts grapevine physiology and metabolism, thereby interfering with the natural processes of fruit ripening. To date, there is limited knowledge about how grape maturity stages influence the timing of changes in viral load and disease progression. This study elucidates the effect of fruit maturity stages on GRBV accumulation in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot grapevines in a Central Coast vineyard in California. Petioles from six basal leaves at random from previously GRBV-infected vines were collected at pre-véraison, véraison, post-véraison, and harvest stages, across two years (2021 and 2022). The viral copy number was quantified using digital PCR. The study identified significant differences (p < 0.05) in GRBV copy number across different maturity stages in 2021, irrespective of the year of infection. The lowest viral load was observed during the pre-véraison stage, and the highest at harvest, indicating progressive viral accumulation as the grapevines development progressed. In 2022, however, no significant difference in viral load across maturity stages was detected, an outcome attributed to extreme heat spikes coinciding with sampling periods. Our findings highlight the interplay between GRBV accumulation, grape development, and environmental parameters.

Enhancing fruity aroma with exogenous tannins in red wines: A study on Marselan and Cabernet Sauvignon.

​Soil microbiota is central to agroecosystem sustainability, influencing fertility, plant health, and resilience. Agricultural practices shape these communities in distinct ways: conventional systems, with intensive chemical inputs, often promote microbial homogeneity, whereas organic systems, with higher organic matter inputs and reduced disturbance, tend to sustain functionally diverse microbiomes. Yet, the extent of these effects remains poorly understood, particularly when taxonomic, functional, and machine-learning-based indicators are evaluated jointly across different cropping systems. To address this gap, we compared the taxonomic and functional diversity of soil microbiota in organic and conventional fields cultivated with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in Brazil. Microbial communities were profiled using 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing, with analyses spanning diversity metrics, taxonomic composition, functional inference, and machine-learning-based biomarker identification. Bacterial diversity was greater under conventional management, while fungal diversity did not differ between systems. Machine-learning approaches identified Bradyrhizobium and Roseococcus (bacteria) and Lecythophora (fungus) as consistent biomarkers of organic soils. Functional predictions pointed to enhanced nitrogen fixation and carbon cycling in organic fields, whereas sulfur cycling was more prominent in conventional ones. Microbial community structure clearly separated by management and correlated strongly with soil chemistry, and Venn analysis revealed more unique bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in organic soils. Together, these results highlight how agricultural management acts as a strong ecological filter of soil microbiota. Conventional farming favored broader bacterial diversity. In contrast, organic systems fostered distinct microbial biomarkers and enhanced functional potential, particularly for nitrogen and carbon pathways.

Identification and expression analysis of Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (VvTPP) genes in grape and function of the VvTPPA gene in salt stress response.

Crimson Seedless is a globally important table grape cultivar valued for its color, marketability, and nutritional quality. However, enhancing berry coloration and biochemical quality remains a major challenge, especially under fluctuating environmental conditions. In this context, the individual application of nanoparticles or molasses as natural organic stimulants may offer an effective. This study hypothesizes that foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and molasses, either individually or in combination, would increase yield, berry coloration, and antioxidant-related biochemical parameters compared with those of the untreated control. The experiment included eight treatments applied to five grapevines per treatment via a randomized complete block design (RCBD) over two consecutive seasons (2023-2024), and the effects of ZnO NPs at 10, 50, and 100 mg L- 1, applied alone or in combination with molasses at 1.5cm³ L- 1, on productivity, cluster traits, anthocyanin accumulation, and antioxidant-related enzymes were evaluated. In terms of productivity, cluster quality, and berry coloration, the treatment with ZnO NPs plus molasses followed closely by ZnO NPs alone surpassed the nontreated vines. The 10 mg L- 1 ZnO NPs + molasses treatment was superior for most of the studied parameters. For example, the total yield increased by approximately 8.9-11.4%, the total soluble solid (TSS) content increased by 48.4-43.8%, the firmness increased by 8.1-12.0%, and the acidity decreased by 16.3-15.4% compared with those of the control treatment in both seasons. Additionally, the same treatment resulted in the greatest increase in anthocyanin content (104.3-73.4%) and PAL activity (48.4-58.1%) compared with those of the control in both seasons. The application of 10 mg L-1 ZnO NPs + 1.5 cm3 L-1 molasses once at the veraison stage increased the grape yield, color, and biochemical quality. While a single-stage application was effective, further studies could explore multistage applications or alternative timings to optimize the results.

Genome-wide identification and analysis of the jasmonic acid biosynthetic and signaling gene families in grapevine and the functional verification of VvLOX9 in resistance to cold.

The genus Vitis is composed of two subgenera, Vitis (2n = 38) and Muscadinia (2n = 40), which are both cultivated for fresh-market, juice, and wine industries. Stenospermocarpic seedless and perfect-flowered vines are highly desired in both Vitis vinifera and muscadine ( Muscadinia rotundifolia ) breeding programs. Stenospermocarpy has recently been introgressed from V. vinifera to muscadines through conventional breeding despite their differing chromosome number, but no molecular markers for this trait have been validated in muscadine germplasm. Wild vines in both subgenera are dioecious, but perfect-flowered forms were independently selected during domestication to enhance reproductive efficiency and fruit production. This study reports the development and validation of two Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers targeting causal polymorphisms within candidate genes for male sterility ( VviINP1 ) and stenospermocarpy ( VviAGL11 ). Sequence alignments with published M. rotundifolia genomes suggested that the seedless_Arg197Leu_site56 and female_INP_indel_site56 KASP markers might be broadly effective across diverse species within Vitis and Muscadinia . Marker performance was evaluated using a validation panel including 918 Vitis × Muscadinia hybrid seedlings from the University of Arkansas Fruit Breeding Program and a diverse set of cultivated and wild accessions (209 accessions evaluated with the seedless marker and 315 accessions with the flower sex marker). After excluding incomplete phenotype and genotype data, the stenospermocarpic marker (seedless_Arg197Leu_site56) accurately predicted seedlessness in 921 of 924 (99.7%) entries. Additionally, 148 of 203 seedlings that failed to produce fruit across both growing seasons were predicted to be stenospermocarpic with the seedless KASP marker, suggesting that seedless Vitis × Muscadinia hybrids may have partial sterility or lack cold hardiness. The flower sex marker (female_INP_indel_site56) correctly predicted flower sex in all 1138 (100%) entries. Together, these KASP markers provide highly accurate and cost-effective tools for early selection of seedless and perfect-flowered genotypes across Vitis , Muscadinia , and hybrid breeding programs.

A three-phase mathematical model to monitor alcoholic fermentation and phenolic extraction of Vitis Vinifera L. red wines

The aim of this study was to identify non-volatile phenolic compounds in Vitis vinifera L. cv. 'Riesling' wine and to determine their reactivity in relation to storage time and temperature. Wine samples were stored at different temperatures (16, 24, 36°C) and analyzed using UHPLC-DAD as well as quantitative 1H NMR and FT-MIR spectroscopy. Kinetic parameters were determined for the degradation or formation of key phenolic compounds in order to evaluate the changes occurring due to different storage conditions. All analyzed compounds exhibited temperature-dependent changes in concentration over time. Hereby, trans-fertaric and trans-caftaric acid emerged as being stable at 16°C but rapidly degraded at elevated temperatures. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the UHPLC data explained most of the variance, while 1H NMR and FT-MIR data contributed less. These findings emphasize the importance of (U)HPLC analyses in observing chemical changes during wine storage and their potential for evaluating wine quality.

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an economically important fruit crop cultivated worldwide. However, its production and fruit quality are severely constrained by powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) and Botrytis bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea) diseases. Increasing concerns regarding chemical fungicide resistance and environmental sustainability highlight the urgent need to develop alternative and more sustainable disease management strategies. This study assessed the field efficacy of Pseudomonas protegens-based formulations (TANIRI® WP at 1 g·L−1 and MaxGrowth at 1 mL·L−1) within an integrated disease management program in cv. Chardonnay. Defense-related gene expression analysis revealed that biological treatments predominantly up-regulated pr1, pr2, and pr10 in both leaves and berries. In contrast, the chemical inducer acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) triggered earlier but less consistent induction of pr1 and pr2, alongside transient activation of pal and lox9. Repeated field applications of P. protegens formulations moderately reduced the severity of Botrytis bunch rot (20.89%) and powdery mildew (6.14%), though control levels remained below conventional sulfur/Bacillus subtilis-based treatments (30.04% and 13.56%, respectively). Overall, these findings suggest that biological inducers could complement conventional management practices for grapevine health. In particular, P. protegens may act mainly by systemically inducing host defense responses and partially suppressing pathogen development under field conditions.

This study addresses the early detection of water stress in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Monastrell), a key challenge for precision irrigation. The main objective is to assess the feasibility of VIS–NIR hyperspectral imaging (400–1000 nm) to anticipate water stress, relating the spectral signal to stem water potential. This study was developed over two campaigns, in 2024 and 2025, using 18 potted plants. In 2024, eight vines were irrigated, and the remaining 10 were subjected to water-deprivation treatments, whilst in 2025, all plants were irrigated, but half at a control dose and the rest at a reduced dose equivalent to 33% of the control. Images were acquired over five dates in June 2024 and over seven in June 2025 using a Specim IQ camera; stem potential was also measured to provide a physiological reference. Individual time series were developed, calculating the Mahalanoubis distance in a PCA space. Results revealed a change window between 10 and 13 June, consistent with the divergence in water potential from 17 to 24 June. PCA highlighted spectral regions related to changes in pigments, nitrogen and water content as main indicators of water stress. We conclude that HSI is a promising tool for early water stress detection.

A novel greener method for the development of latent fingermarks: use of mainly anthocyanin-based extracts from Vitis vinifera L., and Solanum melongena L.

Objective: The present study aimed to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro antioxidant potential of resveratrol from grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L.) obtained from local markets in Erzincan, Türkiye. It is hypothesized that the unique microclimate of that region enhances the bioactive profile of local grape varieties, making them a significant source of natural antioxidants.Methods: Grape seeds (500 g) were extracted using 100% methanol via reflux for 4 hours (three replicates). The crude extract (30 g) underwent liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate to yield a concentrated phenolic fraction (2 g). For isolation, Sephadex LH-20 adsorbent was used as the stationary phase and eluted with methanol. Structural characterization was conducted using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant capacity of the isolated resveratrol was determined through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, comparing results with standard antioxidants (Trolox, BHA, BHT, and Ascorbic acid).Results: Chromatographic purification yielded 10 mg of pure trans-resveratrol. The structure was firmly verified by NMR spectroscopy, with the high olefinic coupling constant (J = 16.3 Hz) suggesting the trans structure. In antioxidant experiments, Trans-resveratrol demonstrated notable DPPH radical scavenging action (IC₅₀ = 17.33 ± 1.22 µg/mL). Trans-resveratrol outperformed Trolox (7.22 ± 0.24 µg/mL) and ascorbic acid (8.22 ± 0.37 µg/mL) in the ABTS test, with an IC₅₀ of 6.84 ± 0.47 µg/mL.Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that grape seeds from Erzincan markets are an excellent source of highly bioactive trans-resveratrol. The isolated compound exhibited exceptional antioxidant efficiency, particularly in the ABTS assay where it surpassed several commercial standards. These results suggest that local grape varieties possess significant potential as natural sources for high-purity bioactive agents in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical sectors.

Background/Objective. Grapevine red blotch virus, GRBV (Grablovirus vitis) affects grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera) causing significant economic losses in vineyards. In Mexico, where GRBV has been reported in wine-producing regions such as Baja California, information on potential GRBV vectors remains limited. Although the three-cornered alfalfa hopper (Spissistilus festinus) is a confirmed vector in the USA, the role of other membracids in vineyards around the globe is still unclear. Recently, the Nearctic treehopper (Tortistilus wickhami) has been reported in Baja California, prompting this study to evaluate its potential for GRBV acquisition and transmission. Experimental development. Adult Nearctic treehoppers were collected from February to November 2023 in 20 vineyards in Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California. A total of 30 individuals were screened to detect GRBV by real-time PCR. In May 2024, 17 additional individuals were collected and used in transmission assays, with an acquisition access period of up to 4 days on GRBV-infected grapevine cv. Cabernet Sauvignon leaves, followed by an inoculation access period of up to 9 days on virus-free leaves. Both insects and recipient leaves were tested for GRBV by real-time PCR. Results. GRBV was detected in 6.7% (2/30) of the individuals collected in 2023, with positive insects only originating from vineyards confirmed as GRBV-positive. In the transmission assays, 53% (9/17) of the insects acquired viral particles after feeding on infected leaves; however, none of the recipient leaves showed detectable infection. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that the Nearctic treehopper, an insect phylogenetically close to, and morphologically resemblant of the three-cornered alfalfa treehopper (a confirmed GRBV vector), was able to acquire the virus in the field and in laboratory settings, but no transmission to recipient plants was proved under the tested experimental conditions in the laboratory.

The protection of leaves from photoinhibition and berries from dehydration and sunburn has become an increasingly important objective in response to the rising frequency and intensity of heat waves worldwide. This research investigated the effect of a white nonwoven geotextile sheet (TNT) installed in the fruiting zone in the white cultivar ‘Verdicchio’ (Vitis vinifera L.) during critical summer periods with the aim of protecting leaves and berries from extreme heat. The study was conducted over two seasons (2020–2021) in a rainfed vineyard in central Italy using a randomized block design. Physiological and yield parameters were recorded. Vines protected with TNT did not show any changes in net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency, compared to unshielded vines. However, TNT reduced leaf temperature and increased berry total acidity and malic acid concentration while reducing sugar content, leading to wines with higher freshness and reduced alcohol levels. The use of TNTs shows significant potential as a practical tool for viticulturists to mitigate the effects of excessive heat, allowing for better management of berry ripening and ultimately improving final wine characteristics. Additionally, TNT is economically feasible, especially if applied only to the afternoon-exposed side of the canopy, and its cost can be amortized, especially in vineyards affected by frequent heat waves and/or dedicated to the production of premium wines.

Acromyrmex lobicornis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is considered a pest of vineyards in particular in the organic vineyards in Mendoza. The aims of this work were, 1- to study the composition of the diet of these ants, in an organic vineyards and natural area and 2- to estimate the collection of Vitis vinifera and other plant genera, evaluating. The work took place in an organic vineyard in the Ecoregion del Monte in Mendoza, Argentina. Fourteen colonies were selected (vineyard=9 colonies and monte = 5 colonies). The plant fragments carried for five minutes, from October 2019 to March 2020 were collected, identified and classified by organ and state (green or dry). The results show that A. lobicornis prefers to cut green material. In both sites, the ants carried different species in greater quantities than V. vinifera, that is, it was not selected. Therefore, if the vineyard conserves the natural vegetation in the interrows or presents an offer of vegetable covers, the damage caused by this cutter ant would not be as severe, nor would the costs associated with its control.

VvGA2ox8-Like confers drought tolerance in grape by interacting with VvGRX-S7 for inhibited GA biosynthesis and upregulating antioxidant enzyme activities, proline accumulation, and stress-responsive genes. Drought stress severely limits grape productivity. Gibberellin (GA) metabolism is involved in drought responses, yet the role of specific GA catabolic genes remains unclear. In the present study, VvGA2ox8-Like, a member of the grape GA 2-β-dioxygenase (VvGA2ox) gene family, was identified to confer drought tolerance in Vitis vinifera cv. 'Pinot Noir'. As a GA catabolic enzyme, VvGA2ox8-Like expression is significantly induced by drought stress. Transient transformation of 'Pinot Noir' grape leaves showed that VvGA2ox8-Like overexpression decreased H2O2 and MDA contents, while increasing proline content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and drought-responsive gene expressions; in contrast, virus-induced gene silencing of VvGA2ox8-Like exhibited opposite results. Furthermore, VvGA2ox8-Like overexpression in 'Pinot Noir' grape calli further confirmed its positive regulatory role in drought tolerance, whereas CRISPR/Cas9-edited VvGA2ox8-Like calli showed opposite phenotypes. A drought-responsive protein VvGRX-S7 was identified as an interacting partner of VvGA2ox8-Like via yeast two-hybrid assay. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that VvGA2ox8-Like overexpression significantly affected the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids. In conclusion, VvGA2ox8-Like plays a key role in grape drought tolerance, providing theoretical support for elucidating the molecular mechanism of grape drought resistance.