The aim of this study was to scope published evidence on clinicians' knowledge of pulse oximetry. Vital signs' assessment is critical for the early detection of acute clinical deterioration. Oxygen saturation, measured using a pulse oximeter, is one of these signs. To use a pulse oximeter correctly, clinicians must have a thorough understanding of the principles underpinning this technology. Previous research has shown that clinicians often do not understand pulse oximetry at depth. A scoping review was conducted. A review of contemporary research was conducted to determine clinicians' understanding of how to use a pulse oximeter. Eligibility criteria included studies published in English from 2019 onwards which examined clinicians' knowledge of pulse oximetry. A search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases identified 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Eleven relevant studies were identified. The findings of this review indicated that despite pulse oximeters being a commonly used clinical tool, clinicians using it often have little or no education regarding its use and therefore poor understanding of how to use it correctly. Clinicians' knowledge of pulse oximetry continues to be poor. Undergraduate and clinical education focused on pulse oximetry is therefore needed to address this significant knowledge gap. Clinicians using pulse oximetry should reflect on their knowledge of this technology and not just basic user functions and address any gaps in their clinical knowledge. Despite pulse oximetry being important for patient assessment, research indicates clinicians' understanding of this technology remains poor. It is time for educators to address this significant knowledge gap.

Type-2 diabetes is a major public health concern in Bangladesh, and this dataset provides 1065 curated patient records with demographic, anthropometric, and clinical variables relevant to its assessment. The data were collected during routine clinical visits and recorded by trained staff, with checks to ensure accuracy and completeness. It includes basic details like age, pregnancy count, body mass index, and skin-fold thickness; vital signs such as blood pressure; lab results related to blood sugar (fasting glucose and insulin); the Diabetes Pedigree Function; and a simple yes/no label for Type-2 diabetes. A few values are missing for diastolic blood pressure and skin-fold thickness, so users should handle these carefully. Since the data are cross-sectional and come from patients seeking care, there are more diabetic cases (840) than non-diabetic cases (225). The dataset is intended for reuse in method development (for example, machine-learning classifier training, feature-selection benchmarking, and oversampling/imputation research), for context-specific epidemiologic description and model validation in South Asian clinical settings, and as a teaching resource for reproducible biomedical-data workflows.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transmucosal administration of detomidine gel to induce emesis in cats. Cats presenting on an emergency basis due to dietary indiscretion were eligible for enrollment at 2 emergency and specialty hospitals from January to August 2024. After baseline vital signs including heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were obtained, cats were administered 4 mg/m2 detomidine gel (Dormosedan gel) transmucosally and monitored for emesis for 15 minutes. After 15 minutes, 100 μg/kg atipamezole was administered IM for reversal, recheck vital signs were obtained, and a sedation score was recorded. 60 cats were enrolled, and 57 cats were included in the final dataset. Emesis was induced in 28 (49.1%) of the cats presented, and emesis did not occur in 29 cats (50.9%). The median time to emesis induction was 11 minutes (range, 2 to 18 minutes). Heart rate and respiratory rate were significantly reduced (-42.6 beats/min and -11.91 breaths/min, respectively) compared to baseline. Thirty-seven cats (69.8%) had recorded sedation scores of 0 to 1/4. No cats experienced complications from transmucosal detomidine that required medical intervention. Transmucosal detomidine gel induced emesis in 49.1% of cats. Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and sedation were observed but did not result in significant complications. Detomidine gel may be considered to induce emesis in cats, as it is moderately successful, is easy to administer, and appears to have manageable side effects.

Evaluation of the prehospital characteristics of traumatic amputation cases: A retrospective observational study.

Jiancheng dual-channel vs. i-gel laryngeal mask airway for fiberoptic bronchoscopy: A randomized trial.

Impact of Mediterranean diet adherence on quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis: A prospective study.

The impact of ketamine on ICU mortality in patients with sepsis: A retrospective cohort study.

Protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptides against cisplatin-induced toxicity.

Healthcare leaders face sustained uncertainty: workforce volatility, financial pressure, and accelerating technology change. In 2024-2025, Ardent Health advanced an AI-enabled virtual care model from pilot to production across multiple markets. The model integrates virtual nursing, virtual attending physicians and providers, virtual sitting, and hospital-to-home remote patient monitoring (RPM) into routine care, with artificial intelligence (AI), providing earlier risk detection and workflow relief. Specifically, AI systems (1) analyze video streams to detect fall risks and unsafe behaviors, prompting earlier alerts to staff; (2) continuously evaluate vital sign trends from wearable sensors to identify clinical deterioration sooner; and (3) support ambient documentation with speech recognition and natural language processing (NLP) that improves note quality and coding accuracy.At Ardent's East Texas location, five months of virtual nursing contributed to reductions in contract labor, a decrease in voluntary RN turnover, and improvements in salaries, wages, and benefits (SWB) per patient day despite an increase in volume. Meanwhile, virtual attending physicians and providers increased virtual patient consultations resulting in patient retention and, generated bed-day capacity; AI-assisted vitals monitoring correlated with lower mortality and shorter length of stay; and the RPM program improved discharge continuity and avoided readmissions.This article presents a case study and playbook to help leaders manage risk, scale safely, and measure value. Readiness includes updating consent form language; data-use and retention policies; training staff to obtain patient consent; establishing algorithm oversight with internal data, analytics, and data science capabilities; and investing in network, data center, and hardware upgrades. We close with lessons learned and an organizational performance tracking accountability structure.

Early prediction of life-saving interventions using pre-hospital vital signs

Developing a Multivariable Prediction Model to Identify a High-Volume Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Neonates Born Extremely Preterm.

Therapeutic venesection is a cornerstone in the management of polycythaemia to reduce hyperviscosity and thrombotic risk. However, its application in patients receiving anticoagulation, particularly heparin, is complex due to the potential for bleeding complications. The current case report describes a 40-year-old male who presented with progressive breathlessness, fatigue, and pedal oedema. Laboratory investigations revealed polycythaemia with elevated haemoglobin and haematocrit levels. The patient was diagnosed with acute pulmonary thromboembolism and severe pulmonary artery hypertension. He was initiated on unfractionated heparin therapy. Due to persistent symptoms and hyperviscosity, therapeutic venesection was performed after temporarily withholding heparin. A total volume of 450 mL of blood was removed. The procedure was well tolerated, with stable vital signs, and the patient showed symptomatic improvement following venesection. The present case highlights the therapeutic benefit and safety of venesection in a patient with polycythaemia and pulmonary thromboembolism receiving anticoagulation. Meticulous risk assessment, temporary cessation of anticoagulation at the time of venesection, and strict procedural monitoring were critical in preventing complications. A multidisciplinary approach ensured optimal patient outcomes. The novelty of the current case lies in the successful integration of therapeutic venesection in a high-risk anticoagulated patient, guided by an individualized risk-benefit assessment and coordinated multidisciplinary management to optimise safety and outcomes in complex thrombotic scenarios.

Frontier developments and challenges of smart wearable flexible acoustic sensors for sustainable vital sign monitoring

Consensus on quality in emergency medicine in Europe is urgently needed. This study tackles the problem with a novel approach. Define an initial set of 20 indicators of quality for emergency medicine in Europe. This process received 259 responses from stakeholders in 41 countries. Panellists included doctors, nurses, managers, and patient representatives. A novel protocol was developed to combine consensus with evidence by expanding a classic three-round Delphi by novel two-tiered rating and ranking as well as current practice comparison, thus enhancing validity and laying the groundwork for quality indicator implementation. A total of 120 quality indicator suggestions were received and consolidated to 39, which underwent two-tiered evaluation using 'smart ballots' to obtain the 20 of highest priority. Selected quality indicators include the monitoring of vital signs, triage, the use of standard operating procedures for critical clinical syndromes, staffing ratios, disaster, trauma, and dispatch planning, as well as the recording of patient-centred parameters. When tested against current practice in a substantial fourth round (in four phases), consistency was found as to importance, but significant variability was found as to practice: ranging from 97% (triage in place) to 14% (emergent paediatric processes). Average application across all 20 indicators was 50.2%. However, for each quality indicator, examples of best practice were found in individual emergency departments throughout Europe. Despite the well-documented complexity of agreeing what constitutes quality in emergency medicine, this European-wide study establishes a novel process by which indicators of quality can be agreed and acted upon. The spectrum of the initial 20 indicators (European Society for Emergency Medicine Quality Indicators Version 1) is broad, reflecting the reality of emergency medicine practice. This study found that currently low rates of measurement exist despite ranking highly as an indication of quality. This establishes a baseline of current practice and defines clear priorities for further work to address the 'evidence gap' regarding quality in emergency medicine.

Protocolized trauma team activations improve trauma patient outcomes and decrease decision-making intervals.

A comprehensive survey on contactless vital sign monitoring using vision-based, radio-based, and fusion approaches

Hospital triage requires rapid and accurate assessment of vital signs, supported by well-trained personnel within a robust emergency medical system. However, in remote regions of Colombia, access to skilled staff and monitoring equipment is limited. This study proposes a machine learning framework to estimate blood pressure using photoplethysmography (PPG) signals, demographic data, and comorbidity information within an automated IoT-based triage system. As no prior machine learning–based solutions have addressed patient health status prediction in isolated Colombian regions, this framework aims to provide a complementary triage system in areas lacking expert support. The system integrates a forearm-worn wearable device with a kiosk to collect data, generating 20 input features encompassing demographic/comorbidity information, summary vital signs, and PPG morphology and variability descriptors. Three regression models - feedforward neural network, XGBoost, and Random Forest - are trained and compared for simultaneous estimation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Training uses a public short-record PPG dataset comprising 657 signal segments from 219 subjects with subject-wise cross-validation; external validation is performed on the PhysioNet Pulse Transit Time-PPG database. Tree-based ensemble models outperform the neural network on the main dataset, with XGBoost achieving the best performance for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These findings highlight ensemble models as competitive and interpretable alternatives for PPG-based blood pressure estimation, supporting their integration into IoT-enabled triage systems to improve evidence-based patient prioritization, especially in underserved regions.

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a severe brain injury that can lead to death and long-term disability. HIE can be treated with therapeutic hypothermia, and various adjuvant treatments (such as melatonin) are also utilized. Adjuvant therapies are not recommended outside clinical trials, and therapeutic hypothermia is not universally available. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Edaravone on improving levels of consciousness, hemodynamic stability, and short-term clinical outcomes of adult patients with severe HIE. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first randomized clinical trial investigating the effects of Edaravone in adult patients with severe HIE. A double-blind clinical trial enrolled 72 severe HIE patients (aged > 18) within 24 h of onset who were diagnosed clinically and radiologically. Patients were randomized to Edaravone group (n = 20) and non-Edaravone group (n = 52). Measured parameters included level of consciousness, vital signs, Barthel index, and patient outcome (death or discharge). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27, with a significance level of P < 0.05. In short-term assessment of the patient's level of consciousness, the Edaravone group showed significant improvement in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) post-intervention (p = 0.001). While the Edaravone group and non-Edaravone group showed no significant difference in outcome (p = 0.863) and Barthel score for discharged patients (P = 0.557). Vital signs showed significant differences between groups in temperature (P = 0.002). In the comparison of comorbidities between the Edaravone and non-Edaravone groups, only coronary artery bypass grafting was significantly different (P = 0.021). Edaravone improved the short-term level of consciousness in severe HIE adult patients, but there was no significant effect on outcome and level of independence in performing activities of daily living. Further investigation into Edaravone's effectiveness is warranted, particularly in patients with milder forms of HIE, as well as longer follow-up periods.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of virtual reality on patients undergoing total knee replacement on their anxiety level and vital signs. A total of 70 patients were randomly allocated into the virtual reality group (n = 35) and control group (n = 35). Patients in the virtual reality group were shown nature and landscape images with virtual reality for 1 hour during surgery. The routine intraoperative procedure was used for the patients in the control group. Data were collected using the "Vital Signs Follow-up Form" and "State Anxiety Inventory." Results revealed that the mean State Anxiety Inventory score of the patients in the virtual reality group was statistically significantly lower than the control group (t = -11.854; P = .00; η2 = 0.508). While there was no significant difference between the groups in respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation means at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes and pulse rate means at 0 and 15 minutes (P > .05), pulse rate means at 30, 45, and 60 minutes were lower in the virtual reality group compared to the control group (P < .05). Virtual reality application during total knee replacement surgery did not affect all vital signs of patients, but only reduced the pulse rate and significantly reduced anxiety levels.

Chemical restraint influences canine hip dysplasia scores for both the standard ventrodorsal hip-extended radiographs and during stress radiography. There is, however, no consensus on the optimal anaesthesia protocol for these stress radiographs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of sedation/anaesthesia on the highest laxity index while using a validated force-measuring device.Ten Beagle dogs were randomly assigned to undergo stress radiographs under four different sedation/anaesthesia protocols on three separate occasions. Vital parameters, ease of procedure and laxity index were evaluated.Parameters such as temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate remained within normal ranges for all protocols. One dog experienced a seizure after dexmedetomidine and ketamine sedation (protocol C). Protocol B (dexmedetomidine/butorphanol/midazolam) and protocol A (dexmedetomidine/butorphanol) scored significantly better than protocol C (dexmedetomidine/ketamine) and D (dexmedetomidine/propofol) in various aspects of ease of the procedure. While the maximum laxity was similar between protocols A, B and D, only in protocols A and B, a plateau phase was reached. Overall, protocols A and B performed similarly; the best scores were, however, consistently allocated to protocol B.The sedation protocol dexmedetomidine, butorphanol and midazolam emerged as the most favourable sedation protocol for stress radiography of the coxofemoral joint, offering practicality and a high laxity index, without adverse effects.