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Visuospatial Function Research Articles

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2980 Articles

Published in last 50 years

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  • Verbal Memory Performance
  • Verbal Memory Performance
  • Episodic Memory Performance
  • Episodic Memory Performance
  • Visuospatial Abilities
  • Visuospatial Abilities
  • Verbal Memory
  • Verbal Memory
  • Visuospatial Skills
  • Visuospatial Skills

Articles published on Visuospatial Function

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Anthropometric Indicators of Cognitive Health: An ICMR-MUDRA Toolbox-Based Assessment Among a Geriatric Population of India.

IntroductionIndia's geriatric population is projected to reach 319 million by 2050, reflecting the global aging trend. Cognitive impairment significantly impacts the quality of life of older adults. Anthropometric measures serve as accessible indicators of nutritional status and body composition with potential associations with cognitive function. This study investigates the relationship between anthropometric measures and cognitive abilities using the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Multilingual Dementia Research and Assessment (MUDRA) Toolbox among geriatric populations in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 1013 participants aged 60years and above from 7 randomly selected administrative blocks in Gorakhpur. Cognitive assessment was performed using the ICMR-MUDRA Toolbox, evaluating global cognition, attention, executive functioning, episodic memory, language, and visuospatial abilities. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC). Statistical analysis included Spearman rank correlation and binomial logistic regression.ResultsSignificant positive correlations were observed between MUAC and cognitive domains of the MUDRA toolbox. Conversely, WHR demonstrated significant negative correlations with the domains (P ≤ 0.05). Participants with moderate-risk WHRs had higher odds of impairment in attention/executive function (aOR = 1.79), memory (aOR = 1.69), and visuospatial function (aOR = 2.50), while high-risk WHRs were associated with greater impairment in memory (aOR = 2.18) and language (aOR = 2.21).ConclusionThis study reveals significant relationships between anthropometric measures and cognitive function in the geriatric population, with MUAC positively correlating with cognitive performance while WHR demonstrating negative correlations. The findings indicate that central obesity may be a particular risk factor for cognitive decline.

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  • Journal IconJournal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology
  • Publication Date IconJul 11, 2025
  • Author Icon U Venkatesh + 6
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High-altitude adaptation strategies: active integration of higher-order cognitive processes by indigenous residents to overcome altitude-induced constraints in visual cognition.

High-altitude adaptation strategies: active integration of higher-order cognitive processes by indigenous residents to overcome altitude-induced constraints in visual cognition.

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  • Journal IconNeuroscience
  • Publication Date IconJul 9, 2025
  • Author Icon Qing Chen + 10
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Effect of levetiracetam on cognition in patients with cognitive decline: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of levetiracetam (LEV) compared to placebo in improving cognitive performance in people with cognitive decline. The protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD420250656389) and reporting followed PRISMA guidelines. We searched RCTs that enrolled adult patients with cognitive decline, of any stage, comparing LEV to placebo or other active substance, and which reported at least one of the following primary or secondary outcomes: clinical dementia rating scale (CDR) or its sub-items; language, verbal memory/memory, executive, visuo-spatial and multi-domain cognitive test results. Studies were assessed for bias against the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. A meta-analysis was conducted using mean difference (MD) or standardized MD (SMD) according to the available scales. Meta-analysis of binary outcomes was used to compare adverse events. Overall, 6 RCTs provided data for 283 participants. LEV was not associated with a significant improvement in cognitive function measured by CDR-SB compared to placebo (MD = 0.04, 95% CI = -0.23 to 0.31, I2 = 0%, n studies = 2). LEV significantly improved visuospatial function (SMD = -0.25, 95% CI = -0.49 to -0.01, I2 = 0%, n studies = 2) and marginally improved executive function (SMD = -0.29, 95% CI = -0.63 to +0.05, I2 = 0%, n studies = 3). Importantly, no differences between LEV and placebo emerged in terms of adverse events. LEV was well tolerated in people with cognitive impairment. Although LEV did not improve global cognitive function, there were improvements in visuospatial function and, more marginally, executive function. Further studies are needed to assess LEV in larger cohorts of people with cognitive impairment, with application of standardized testing paradigms. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Levetiracetam (LEV) is a medication commonly used to treat epilepsy. As has emerged from clinical and neuroimaging studies, some people with neurocognitive disorders have abnormal brain activity, especially in the temporal lobes, which may worsen cognitive decline. We reviewed clinical trials testing whether LEV could help improve cognitive function in people with cognitive decline. Overall, LEV was well tolerated and did not lead to more side effects than placebo. While LEV did not improve general cognitive function, some studies reported small improvements in visuospatial and executive domains. More research in larger studies is needed to understand if LEV can benefit cognition in these individuals.

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  • Journal IconEpilepsia open
  • Publication Date IconJul 3, 2025
  • Author Icon Claudia Faini + 2
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Disturbance of visuospatial and executive functions in patients with sleep apnea syndrome in the acute period of ischemic stroke

In patients with cerebral infarction (CI) and sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), neurocognitive disorders are a common symptom, which underscores the relevance of improving their early diagnosis and treatment. A prospective dynamic study was conducted on disorders of visual-constructive and executive skills (VCES) in 74 patients with SAS (main group) and 36 patients without SAS (comparison group) during the acute period of CI using route-building tests (RBT), cube copying tests (CCT), and clock drawing tests (CDT). It was found that patients with SAS exhibited more severe VCES disorders within the fi rst 72 hours of CI, primarily due to impaired performance on the CDT, and worse recovery after one month compared to patients without SAS (p < 0.05). The CDT showed good indicators for the early diagnosis of VCES disorders in patients with SAS and CI (AUC — 0.926 (95% CI 0.86–0.97; p < 0.0001), sensitivity — 100.0% (95% CI 84.6–100.0), specifi city — 85.23% (95% CI 76.1–91.90). In patients with severe SAS, the lowest scores for VCES, RBT, and CDT were established (p < 0.05), and moderate negative correlations were identifi ed between the CDT scores and the apnea-hypopnea index and desaturation index (p < 0.001). Among 20 patients receiving CPAP therapy, a positive dynamics in VCES scores was noted (p < 0.05), which was not observed in the subgroup without similar treatment, suggesting a positive eff ect of CPAP therapy on recovery in this cognitive domain

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  • Journal IconClinical Medicine (Russian Journal)
  • Publication Date IconJul 3, 2025
  • Author Icon E V Serebrova
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The relationship between age and cognitive subtypes of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

We aimed to identify cognitive subgroups of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer syndrome) and related dementias and test if age of presentation influences patterns of cognitive impairment. Participants were individuals with mild cognitive impairment (n=360), vascular mild cognitive impairment (n=73), Alzheimer syndrome (n=127), vascular dementia (n=32), mixed dementia (n=23), and healthy controls (n=305). Principal Component analysis was run on 25 cognitive variables measured by the Toronto Cognitive Assessment (TorCA). We used hierarchical clustering to identify cognitive subgroups. We identified seven subgroups. The youngest group was characterized by the lowest scores on the overall TorCA mean, and also on Executive Function, Visuospatial function and Attention, while showing the highest scores on Memory, Orientation, and Language. The oldest clusters had low scores on Memory and Orientation, but higher scores on Attention. The intermediary clusters had similar age and severity distributions. The results demonstrate that patterns of cognitive impairment are different in different age groups.

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  • Journal IconDementia and geriatric cognitive disorders
  • Publication Date IconJun 30, 2025
  • Author Icon Bruna Seixas-Lima + 11
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Cogmed cognitive training for working memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cogmed cognitive training for working memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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  • Journal IconNeuroscience
  • Publication Date IconJun 26, 2025
  • Author Icon Regina Silva Paradela + 8
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Efficacy and Safety of MT104, A Dietary Supplement Based on Cuscuta Seeds and Heat-Killed Probiotics, on Cognitive Function in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 12-Week, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents the symptomatic predementia stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To delay the progression of MCI to AD, appropriate interventions capable of modulating the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis are necessary. This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of MT104, a dietary supplement comprising Cuscuta seeds and heat-killed probiotics, based on the biological mechanisms regulating the MGB axis in patients with MCI. This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. All patients were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to the MT104 or placebo group. Global cognition was assessed using the Korean-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA) and Korean-Mini Mental State Examination at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. The visuospatial function was assessed using the copying performance from the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT), and verbal and visual memory functions were evaluated using the Seoul Verbal Learning Test (SVLT) and RCFT. Differences between groups were analyzed using either the t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test. Analyses of covariance and ranked analysis of covariance were performed. The mean changes in verbal memory function, as measured by the SVLT delayed recall, showed clinically significant improvement in the MT104 group relative to the placebo group in the intention-to-treat and per-protocol groups. Global cognition, as measured using the K-MoCA, also significantly improved in the per-protocol group. In addition, no significant findings were identified. This study highlighted the potential of dietary therapeutic strategies focused on reducing the risk of progression from MCI to AD.

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  • Journal IconJournal of medicinal food
  • Publication Date IconJun 25, 2025
  • Author Icon Bo-Hyung Kim + 10
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A Case Study of a Multilingual Individual with Primary Progressive Aphasia: Diagnostic Considerations and Implications for Language Representation.

A Case Study of a Multilingual Individual with Primary Progressive Aphasia: Diagnostic Considerations and Implications for Language Representation.

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  • Journal IconArchives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists
  • Publication Date IconJun 24, 2025
  • Author Icon Brianna E Kelly + 1
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New evidence for a visuo-spatial cumulative rehearsal strategy in children’s working memory

This study explored the mechanisms involved in maintaining visuo-spatial information in working memory in children aged 4 to 8 years. Two experiments were conducted to determine whether different types of visual aid could support a cumulative visuo-spatial rehearsal strategy, a consolidation mechanism, or the goal maintenance in a complex span task. In Experiment 1, children memorized sequences of locations while assessing the orientation of a teddy bear that appeared in these locations marked by houses. During the interstimulus interval, we implemented four conditions of visual aid: absence of cues, all empty houses remained on screen, only the last empty house remained on screen, or a visual goal cue. Experiment 2 introduced two new conditions, one to support cumulative rehearsal by displaying on screen the houses visited in each interstimulus interval, and another with an auditory-verbal goal cue. Visual aids, particularly when presented cumulatively, substantially enhanced recall performance. On the contrary, aids designed to support consolidation or goal maintenance did not yield a substantial increase in span scores. The study underscores the potential of cumulative visual supports in improving visuo-spatial working memory performance in children, while also offering insights into the roles of consolidation and goal maintenance.

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  • Journal IconInternational Journal of Behavioral Development
  • Publication Date IconJun 19, 2025
  • Author Icon Christophe Fitamen + 3
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Neuropsychological and neurobehavioral outcomes of responsive neurostimulation in epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The Responsive Neurostimulation System (RNS) is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved closed-loop brain neurostimulation device for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Given the cognitive/neurobehavioral impact of epilepsy and the putative neuroplasticity with neuromodulation, we aimed to understand the effect of RNS on cognition. We systematically searched four databases, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane, from inception until April 2025. Primary outcomes were neuropsychological tests in global intellectual functioning and across five cognitive domains: language, memory, executive functioning, visuospatial functioning, and attention/processing speed. We also included measures evaluating depression and anxiety symptoms and quality of life in epilepsy. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed when at least two measures were available across studies, calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between baseline and postoperative testing at or over 12 months. Of 2227 articles identified, we included 10 studies in our qualitative systematic review and five nonduplicated studies (373 patients) in our meta-analysis. Intellectual functioning, cognitive functioning, depression, anxiety, and quality of life either improved or remained stable across the included studies. Meta-analysis revealed nonsignificant changes in intellectual functioning (SMD = -.03, 95% CI = -.49 to .42) and two of the five cognitive domains: language (Boston Naming Test: SMD = .12, 95% CI = -.10 to .33; Verbal Comprehension Index: SMD = -.16, 95% CI = -.58 to .26) and visuospatial functioning (Perceptual Reasoning Index: SMD = .07, 95% CI = -.36 to .49). The remaining domains could not be evaluated given the limited number of studies. For mood, meta-analysis revealed a nonsignificant decrease in depression score (Beck Depression Inventory-II: SMD = -.14, 95% CI = -.33 to .06). GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) certainty of evidence was moderate for intellectual and visuospatial functioning and high for language and depression measures. Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that RNS does not impact neuropsychological and neurobehavioral outcomes at a group level, at least for the measures examined. We review putative mechanisms by which RNS may impact cognition and offer suggestions for future research in this domain.

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  • Journal IconEpilepsia
  • Publication Date IconJun 18, 2025
  • Author Icon Marco Malaga + 2
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Investigating the relationship between visual impairment and cognitive impairment in the older adults using the novel vision screening assessment (VISA) tool.

BackgroundEarly identification and multimodal treatment of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease, is a common goal of global efforts.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the relationship between visual impairment (VI) and cognitive impairment in older adults using the Vision Screening Assessment (VISA) tool.MethodsA total of 94 healthy older adults from community settings in Changzhou were recruited for the study. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT). The VISA tool was employed to evaluate participants' visual acuity, ocular motility, visual fields, and visual attention.ResultsThis study examined 94 participants, identifying 80 with VI, 26 with abnormal visual attention, 58 with cognitive impairment, and 11 with visuospatial dysfunction. Analyses showed: (1) Visual acuity negatively correlated with MMSE and CDT scores; (2) Groups with near vision impairment or visual attention abnormalities had significantly lower MMSE and CDT scores, while cognitively normal participants showed better visual acuity; (3) Logistic regression revealed MMSE scores were primarily influenced by left-eye near vision and visual attention, whereas CDT scores were additionally affected by education level; (4) Mediation analysis indicated left-eye near vision and visual attention may impact cognitive function via visuospatial function.ConclusionsVI is closely associated with cognitive impairment, with left-eye near vision and visual attention potentially affecting cognition through their impact on visuospatial function. The application of the VISA tool may provide scientific evidence for optimizing dementia prevention and control strategies in China.

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  • Journal IconJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
  • Publication Date IconJun 2, 2025
  • Author Icon Yue Shi + 5
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Multi-Parametric Cerebellar Neuroimaging in Subjective Cognitive Decline as Predictors of Cognitive Alterations in Alzheimer’s Spectrum

Aims: Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) represents the earliest, reversible stage in Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) spectrum, marked by self-appraised cognitive deterioration, that escapes objective detection. The intricate fine-tuning of cognition by cerebellum has been substantiated by the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome and “Dysmetria of thought” theory. However, the role of cerebellum in SCD is understated in research. This study aims to determine the relationship between cerebellar neuroimaging parameters and cognition in patients with SCD.Methods: Patients with SCD, with a Clinical Dementia Rating score of 0, were assessed on Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III (ACE). Multiparametric MRI (Volumetric analysis of cerebellum, Diffusion tensor imaging at Middle Cerebellar Peduncles (MCP), Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)) was carried out. Relationship between cognition and neuroimaging parameters was determined.Results: A total of 28 SCD patients with a mean age of 70.89±3.89 years were included. There were significant positive correlations of attention with axial diffusivities (AxD) at bilateral MCP; fluency with right cerebellar white matter volumes (CWMV); visuospatial function with left CWMV and fractional anisotropy (FA); total ACE scores with total CWMV, bilateral AxD. Significant negative correlations of myoinositol/creatine (mI/Cr) with attention, fluency and memory were revealed on MRS. Linear regression analysis exhibited significant associations between total ACE scores and CWMV; attention and axial diffusivities; memory and right cerebellar volume; fluency and CWMV, Cerebellar cortical volumes; Visuo-spatial function and FA at left MCP.Conclusion: The aforementioned significant relationships highlight the unique role of multiparametric neuroimaging in early detection of cerebellar ultrastructural alterations, and the modulatory impact of cerebellum in cognition during initial stages of AD continuum. Furthermore, longitudinal studies are warranted to predict long term cognitive outcomes in SCD using cerebellar neuroimaging parameters.

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  • Journal IconBJPsych Open
  • Publication Date IconJun 1, 2025
  • Author Icon Shailendra Mohan Tripathi + 2
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Cognitive impairment in Chagas disease patients in Brazil, 2007-2021: A cross-sectional study.

Chagas Disease (CD) is frequently associated with heart failure (HF). Cognitive impairment is reported, but whether it results from CD or is a nonspecific symptom of HF is unknown. We aimed to compare cognitive function of HF patients with or without CD. Multicenter cross-sectional study of HF patients. Investigators blinded to the etiology of HF evaluated global cognition and domains of memory, executive and visuospatial function. Logistic regression tested the association between CD and cognitive impairment (Z-score < -1.5) in each domain adjusted for age, sex, educational level and left ventricular ejection fraction. We recruited 518 patients, 250 (48.3%) with CD. Cognitive impairment was more common in CD vs. non-CD patients (27.1% vs 13.1%, p < 0.001), mostly in memory (10.4% vs 5.0%, p = 0.022) and visuospatial function (45.2% vs 29.6%, p < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, CD remained associated with global cognitive impairment (odds ratio 1.90; 95% CI 1.13-3.21, p = 0.016) and visuospatial function impairment (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.02-2.39, p = 0.039). Chagas disease is associated with cognitive impairment independently of heart failure severity, suggesting other competing mechanisms.

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  • Journal IconPLoS neglected tropical diseases
  • Publication Date IconMay 29, 2025
  • Author Icon Carla J Serrano + 19
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The impact of short-term blood pressure variability on cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease patients without co-morbidities.

Cardiovascular dysautonomia, cognitive decline and dementia are common non-motor features of Parkinson's disease. Short-term blood pressure variability may play a role in the pathogenesis of dementia. Sixty five patients with Parkinson's disease, without cardiovascular comorbidities, with no concomitant medications affecting cardiovascular system were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. They were divided according to their cognitive status and underwent clinical examination, 24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, orthostatic test, brain magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory tests. Twenty patients were cognitively intact, 23 presented mild cognitive impairment and 20 had dementia. There were no differences in duration of the disease or dopaminergic therapy between the groups. Patients with dementia when compared to those cognitively intact, had higher short-term blood pressure variability, assessed as standard deviation of daytime diastolic blood pressure and average real variability of systolic blood pressure. They also had a higher frequency of supine hypertension and lower nocturnal blood pressure fall (reverse dipping). Average real variability of systolic blood pressure, supine hypertension and reverse dipping correlated with cognitive impairment, especially with visuospatial, language and executive functions. Short-term blood pressure variability, supine hypertension and reverse dipping may contribute to the pathogenesis of dementia in PD.

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  • Journal IconJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)
  • Publication Date IconMay 26, 2025
  • Author Icon Magdalena Kwaśniak-Butowska + 9
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CROI 2025: neuropsychiatric complications in people with HIV.

The 2025 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) showcased advances in understanding neuropsychiatric complications among people with HIV (PWH). This review synthesizes key findings related to central nervous system (CNS) reservoirs, neuropathogenesis, and biomarkers of brain health. Emerging data underscore the persistence of HIV in brain tissues despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), with compartmentalization occasionally observed in the spinal cord and brain, and evidence suggesting that HIV-infected cells may contribute to chronic inflammation in the CNS. Single-cell and epigenetic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid cells revealed immune dysregulation in myeloid and B cells, suggesting ongoing CNS dysfunction during suppressive ART. Longitudinal neuroimaging and cognitive studies reinforced that incomplete or unstable HIV suppression correlates with worse brain outcomes. Notably, higher blood phosphorylated tau 217 and systemic inflammation predicted cognitive decline in aging PWH. Promising therapeutic avenues included observations that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, such as semaglutide, improve visuospatial performance in PWH and cannabinoid receptor 2 agonists reduced neuroinflammatory pathways in preclinical models. Additionally, early initiation of ART was associated with normalization of brain volumes and attenuation of neuronal injury markers. Together, these findings highlight the complexity of neuro-HIV interactions and underscore the need for targeted interventions to protect brain health in PWH.

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  • Journal IconTopics in antiviral medicine
  • Publication Date IconMay 21, 2025
  • Author Icon Michael J Corley + 2
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DECREASED FUNCTIONAL FRONTO-CEREBELLAR CONNECTIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER DISEASE ACTIVITY AND GLUCOCORTICOID USE IN ADOLESCENTS WITH CHILDHOOD-ONSET LUPUS

O005 / #41Topic:AS18 - Pediatric SLESCIENTIFIC HYBRID SESSION: CLINICAL TRACK PRESENTATIONS - OUTSTANDING ABSTRACT PRESENTATIONS23-05-2025 9:00 AM - 10:00 AMBackground/PurposeAdolescents with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) typically experience higher prevalence of brain involvement when compared to adult-onset patients. They are vulnerable to neuropsychiatric syndromes (NPSLE) that may strike during neurodevelopment and could alter the functioning of brain networks that are crucial for cognition and behavior. Brain alterations in functional connectivity (FC) can be examined with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and have been observed in adults with lupus. However, FC abnormalities in relation to disease characteristics have been understudied in cSLE. We aimed to examine differences in brain FC between adolescents with cSLE and healthy controls (HC) utilizing rs-fMRI, and to evaluate if FC is associated with disease duration, activity and glucocorticoid use in cSLE.MethodsPatients with cSLE aged 11-17 years and age and sex-matched HC underwent T1-weighted MRI and rs-fMRI at 3T. Disease activity was evaluated with the time-adjusted mean Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2K (SLEDAI-AMS), calculated as the area under the curve over 1 year before the MRI scan. Cumulative glucocorticoid use was calculated as prednisone equivalent dose in grams. Brain networks were parcellated with independent component analysis, thresholded, and transformed into regions of interest (ROIs). Group FC differences between all ROIs and regional volumes from structures with abnormal FC were evaluated with age-adjusted general linear models. In the cSLE group, regression analyses evaluated associations between FC and disease duration, activity and cumulative prednisone dose. All connections were family wise error (FWE) corrected with Threshold Free Cluster Enhancement (TFCE, p-FWE &lt; 0.05).ResultsParticipants included 60 patients with cSLE (52 females; age – median, IQR: 16, 3 years; 3 with NPSLE diagnosis) and 59 HC (49 females; age – median, IQR: 15, 2 years). For patients, median disease duration was 0.9 (IQR = 1.2) years, 45% had active disease (SLEDAI-AMS ≥ 4) in the year prior to study visit (median, IQR: 2.7, 5.4), and 73% were exposed to prednisone (cumulative prednisone dose – median, IQR: 1.9, 6.0 grams). Patients with cSLE had lower FC compared to HC in a cluster of frontoparietal connections (TFCE = 66.42, p-FWE = 0.00001; Figure 1). Lower right superior frontal cortex volumes were observed in patients with cSLE compared to HC (T = -2.34, p = 0.021). In the cSLE group (Figure 2), lower FC in superior frontal and cerebellar regions was associated with higher disease activity (TFCE = 55.10, p-FWE = 0.004) and higher cumulative prednisone dose (TFCE = 49.53, p-FWE = 0.013).Figure 1.Figure 2.ConclusionsPatients with cSLE, compared to HC, exhibited decreased FC and, to a lesser extent, atrophy in frontoparietal regions known to associate with somatosensory and visuospatial functions. Moreover, higher cSLE disease activity and prednisone exposure may dysregulate the functioning of fronto-cerebellar networks involved in sensory information processing. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the effect of cSLE and its treatment on brain function and development over time.

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  • Journal IconThe Journal of Rheumatology
  • Publication Date IconMay 20, 2025
  • Author Icon Diana Valdés Cabrera + 11
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0105 Sex Differences in the Association of 24h Melatonin Area Under the Curve with Cognitive Function in Older Adults

Abstract Introduction Melatonin exhibits neuroprotective benefits in animals, and more circulating melatonin may be associated with better cognitive function in humans. Melatonin is responsive to circulating estradiol and may therefore be more relevant to cognitive function in females compared to males, especially during aging. However, methodological considerations including lack of rigorous melatonin collection and brief, insensitive cognitive measures limit the conclusions from previous investigations. We examined associations of 24h melatonin secretion with cognitive function and explored sex differences in these associations. Methods Participants were 29 cognitively unimpaired retired adults (13 females, 16 males; mean age: 68.4 +/-5.6 years). All participants completed an in-lab 24h circadian unmasking protocol (dim light, bedrest, time isolation, constant wakefulness) and a comprehensive neurocognitive battery an average of 6 months after the lab study. Saliva was sampled hourly during the lab protocol and assayed for melatonin. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using a spline-based smoothing model. The neurocognitive battery assessed attention, executive function, immediate and delayed recall memory, language, and visuospatial function. Regression analyses examined associations between melatonin AUC and cognitive domains and were adjusted for age and educational attainment. Results In the full sample, greater 24h melatonin AUC was associated with better immediate recall memory (beta =.40, p =.033), delayed recall memory (beta =.42, p =.022), and visuospatial function (beta =.56, p =.002). In females, greater melatonin AUC was associated with better immediate recall memory (beta =.72, p =.003), delayed recall memory (beta =.71, p =.020), and visuospatial function (beta =.67, p =.009). Associations were not statistically significant in males (ps &amp;gt;.36). Conclusion Greater melatonin may serve as a protective factor for cognitive function in older adults, particularly among females. Any cognitive benefits conferred by greater melatonin production may reflect circadian (e.g., robustness of the circadian timing system) and/or non-circadian (i.e., neurobiological benefits of melatonin as a hormone) properties. Follow up in a larger sample is warranted to confirm sex differences. Support (if any) R01AG047139; R01AG047139-S1; K01AG075171

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  • Journal IconSLEEP
  • Publication Date IconMay 19, 2025
  • Author Icon Matthew Lehrer + 3
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Effect of ethanol leaf extract and fractions of Launaea taraxacifolia on cognimotor and visuospatial functions in aluminium chloride neurotoxic rats

Aluminium chloride neurotoxicity is a well-established model of neurodegeneration. This study investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of ethanol leaf extract and fractions of Launaea taraxacifolia (L. taraxacifolia) on cognitive and motor functions in aluminium chloride-treated rats. Sixty-six adult female Wistar rats were divided into 11 groups. The neurotoxic control group received aluminium chloride (100 mg/kg), while experimental groups received additional treatments, including donepezil, ethanol extract (274 – 822 mg/kg), and various solvent fractions for 21 days. Neurobehavioral tests (wire hang test, beam walking test, T-maze, and novel object recognition) assessed motor coordination and cognition. Aluminium chloride exposure significantly impaired hanging time, increased foot slips and crossing time, reduced percentage alternation in the T-maze, and decreased novel object exploration (p &lt; 0.05). Treatment with L. taraxacifolia extract and fractions significantly improved all these parameters (p &lt; 0.05), indicating enhanced motor coordination, cognitive flexibility, and visuospatial function. These findings suggest that ethanol leaf extract and fractions of L. taraxacifolia possess neuroprotective properties, mitigating aluminium chloride-induced neurotoxicity and improving cognitive and motor performance in rats.

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  • Journal IconJournal of Materials &amp; Environmental Sustainability Research
  • Publication Date IconMay 19, 2025
  • Author Icon Idorenyin Udo Umoren + 6
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Left-sided Neurological Symptoms and Negative Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Suspected Minor Stroke Patients.

People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) commonly describe cognitive decline later in the day, but few studies have evaluated this perception's validity. In a consecutive sample of 791 pwMS, this study evaluated whether time-of-testing predicted Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS raw scores, accounting for age, sex, educational years, disease duration, disability and disease-modifying therapy use. The mean age was 43.76 years (SD = 11.30), 76.74% were female and most had mild disability. Later time-of-testing independently predicted reduced Judgment of Line Orientation scores (p < 0.01), but not other cognitive variables. In pwMS, there is a diurnal decline in visuospatial cognitive test performance.

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  • Journal IconThe Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques
  • Publication Date IconMay 19, 2025
  • Author Icon David E Freedman + 3
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Research status of visuospatial dysfunction and spatial navigation.

Visuospatial function is a critical aspect of cognitive abilities, encompassing visual perception, attention, memory, and adaptive responses to spatial changes. This paper reviews studies on human visuospatial function, spatial navigation, and factors contributing to visuospatial impairments. After introducing fundamental concepts of visuospatial function and spatial navigation, classical methods for assessing visuospatial performance are summarized. By examining recent advances in spatial navigation studies, this paper discusses factors influencing spatial navigation capabilities and explores how spatial navigation paradigms can be used to investigate visuospatial cognitive impairments. Finally, current limitations in spatial navigation research are highlighted. Overall, the current research has not yet reached definitive conclusions regarding visuospatial aspects. However, this paper aims to enhance the understanding of visuospatial dysfunction and spatial navigation, providing valuable references for future research.

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  • Journal IconFrontiers in aging neuroscience
  • Publication Date IconMay 14, 2025
  • Author Icon Rui Bao + 4
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