Color Visualization Research Articles

Voyager Observations of the Color of Saturn's Rings

Previously unreduced high-resolution Voyager 2 images of Saturn's main rings are used to generate reflectivity (I/F) profiles as a function of radius. Ratios of profiles taken from green, violet, orange, and UV filter images are then produced. TheI/Fratios are a diagnostic of composition and provide us with information on the rings' present state of compositional evolution. The rings are extremely reddish in color which suggests that they could not be pure water ice. In addition, we find that the C ring and Cassini division are, in fact, less red or more neutral in color than the A and B rings. This is contrary to the impression given by the familiar enhanced Voyager color images which represent them falsely as bluish in color. The most likely candidate for the non-icy components are silicates and organics. The sources of these pollutants are of extreme importance in determining the compositional history of the rings.The radial profiles of ring color ratio exhibit several very interesting properties; (a) broad-scale, fairly smooth, color variations which are only weakly correlated with underlying ring structure (optical depth variations) across the outer C ring and inner B rings as well as the Cassini division region; these variations are probably consistent with ballistic transport; (b) fine-scale, noise-like (but unquestionably real) color variations across at least the outer two-thirds of the B ring. Not only the “redness” but also the spectral shape varies. These variations are currently unexplained. Ground-based spectroscopic observations should be pursued to study the implied compositional heterogeneities on at least the larger scales. This data set will be used for modeling of the color and composition of the main rings using ballistic transport and radiative transfer theories.We have provided true and false color visualizations of the rings generated from the one-dimensional (I/F) profiles and color ratios, respectively. The overall color of the rings is an extremely pale tan, and subtle color variations in the B ring are evident to the unaided eye upon careful inspection.

Visual evoked cortical potentials and psychophysical determination of color contrast thresholds along different chromatic axes.

Color vision can be assessed by examining the color contrast threshold along various color axes. We investigated the possibility of determining these thresholds objectively by means of visual evoked cortical potentials. A color-calibrated flicker-free (112-Hz) monitor and a 14-bit-per-gun board allowed visualization of colors with specified xyY CIE 1931 coordinates. Horizontal grating, 1 c/deg were sinusoidally alternated at 8 Hz for both visual evoked cortical potential recordings and psychophysical determinations. Two healthy emmetropic 35 year-old subjects performed color brightness matching along each color axis, before any recording and reduction in color contrast. For each color axis, extrapolation to zero voltage of the visual evoked cortical potential amplitude versus log color contrast response allowed determination of the color contrast threshold. The visual evoked cortical potential-derived threshold changed considerably with the color axis, with evident intersubject differences. These differences were similar to those observed in the psychophysically determined thresholds. Visual evoked cortical potential responses to suitable chromatic stimuli allow determination of color contrast thresholds that correspond well to those determined psychophysically. Hence, with the visual evoked cortical potential, accurate objective assessment of color vision is feasible and may be useful in both research and clinical settings.

CHAOTIC MIXING AND TRANSPORT IN WAVE SYSTEMS AND THE ATMOSPHERE

In this paper, we presented some results on chaotic mixing and transport in dynamical systems, particularly in wave systems and in the atmosphere. In wave systems, we studied chaotic mixing and transport in a perturbed traveling wave and in a perturbed stationary wave. We found that there is a fundamentally difference between the two cases. There can exist invariant KAM tori in perturbed traveling waves, and no such invariant KAM tori can be identified in perturbed stationary waves. The characteristics of mixing and transport in wave systems much depend on the perturbation structure. In some cases for both perturbed traveling waves and perturbed stationary waves, there exist porous barriers preventing rapid mixing and transport. The mechanism of chaotic mixing and transport is stretching and folding, which is shown to be the horseshoe mapping topologically. Global chaotic mixing and transport on the isentropic surface of the atmosphere was also studied. To better understand the generation of fine structure in the smooth velocity field and to gain an insight to chaotic mixing and transport, a color visualization method has been applied. Using different color pallets, we were able to emphasize different parts of the domain and obtained a wealth of information about the process. Several statistical characteristics methods have been introduced, including fractal dimension and the Lyapunov exponent. The probability distribution function and multifractal were also mentioned with application to chaotic mixing and transport. We then turned our attention to dynamically active mixing and transport. We discussed chaotic wave packet mixing and transport, describing two types of wave mixing and transport processes, i.e., dynamically passive wave mixing and dynamically active wave mixing. When the path of the wave packet is chaotic, we have chaotic wave packet mixing and transport. We showed that passive wave mixing and transport is described by the Lagrangian trajectory of the basic flow whereas dynamically active wave mixing and transport is described by the Lagrangian trajectory of wave packet. We found that there are two mechanisms in dynamically active wave mixing and transport. The first is advection by the medium flow; the second is the dispersion process, which is directly related to energy dispersion of the waves. Armed with the concept of dynamically active mixing and transport, we simulated the cloud pattern in the tropospheric atmosphere using an evaporation-transport-condensation model, and found it to be strikingly similar to cloud pictures taken by satellite.

Educational use of a microwave electromagnetic analysis of 3‐D planar structures

AbstractThe use of an electromagnetic analysis of 3‐D planar structures is described with respect to the educational requirements of students from the college freshman level through the graduate level. The analysis is intended primarily for microwave use; however, there is also significant potential interest from the student of high speed digital design. The analysis is used for passive planar circuits with any number of layers. The third dimension is represented by vias. A mature graphical user interface is provided allowing rapid capture of structure geometry, color visualization, and animation of the resulting current distributions. The software is also explicitly designed to work in conjunction with popular circuit theory based microwave software and with SPICE.

Animated visualization of a high resolution color three dimensional digital computer model of the whole human head

The interactive visualization of animated images through a computerized three dimensional (3D) full color model of an unstained cadaveric human head is presented. Serial full color images were taken of the blockface of a cryomicrotomed frozen human head every 200 μm. From this series of images a three dimensional digital model with a resultant pixel resolution of 200 μm 3 was created on a UNIX workstation. Using this database, resampled images were computed along orthogonal axes and written sequentially to a write-once-read-many times (WORM) videodisc unit. Playback of this customized videodisc dataset provides animations of the digitally reconstructed slices and 3D reconstructed surface models. An interactive interface to the animated sequences is provided through a PC based tutorial package. This tutorial program is able to access videodisc frames to display animations and labeled still images in a software window to illustrate various neuroanatomic topics. The technique of animation as applied to this high resolution 3D model provides insight into complex spatial relationships and has great potential in research and as a teaching tool in the neurosciences.

COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL DYNAMICS

Computer simulations of a two-dimensional lattice of magnetic dipoles are performed on the massively parallel Connection Machine Supercomputer. These lattices constitute a discrete model for thin films of amorphous rare earth-transition metal (RE-TM) alloys, used in erasable optical data storage systems. The simulated dipoles follow the dynamic equation of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert. Using mean-field theory, we have calculated the temperature dependence of the subnetwork magnetizations, the effective fields, the gyromagnetic coefficient, and the Gilbert damping parameter. These results are then used in the simulation of the thermomagnetic recording process, where a focused laser beam creates a hot spot and allows an external magnetic field to reverse the direction of local magnetization. Reversed domains are seen to nucleate during cooling of a heated spot with Gaussian spatial profile. In the absence of defects of the size of a domain wall, these nuclei are seen to collapse in low external fields. In contrast, samples with patches of uniform anisotropy and weakened inter-patch exchange form stable reversed domains. Color visualizations of the magnetization distribution show local pinning of the cooling reverse domain on patch boundaries.

Spectral estimation for 2-D Doppler ultrasound imaging

A heuristic algorithm for the computation of the mean frequency and the variance of a Doppler signal is presented. The algorithm is based on an autoregressive method for spectral estimation. The algorithm will be used in echocardiography systems for the colour visualisation of the blood velocity in a vessel.

14] Amplification and detection of specific DNA sequences with fluorescent PCR primers: Application to ΔF508 mutation in cystic fibrosis

Publisher Summary This chapter describes an allele-specific color polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay based on the conjugation of fluorescent dyes to the PCR primers. This system has proven to meet the requirements for a DNA diagnostic assay in terms of simplicity, accuracy, cost, labor, and reliability. The technical aspects of this assay and its application to the ΔF508 mutation in cystic fibrosis is discussed. The ΔF508 color assay for the detection of the most common cystic fibrosis mutation from clinical blood specimens, amniotic fluid, and chorionic villi tissue samples. To test the reliability of the assay, the chapter has backed it up with both a heteroduplex method and a reverse dot-blot assay. The chapter describes full concordance with three methods and thus adopted the color assay, as it is simple, quick, reliable, and economical. This technique may also be adapted for visualization of the diagnostic color without the need for electrophoresis. The automation of the fluorescent ΔF508 assay for cystic fibrosis screening would ease its implementation in future DNA diagnostics clinical laboratories, if no gel electrophoresis is required. Thus, it is possible that a small instrument could be devised that would couple both the amplification and the color read-out of the amplified products after removal of the unextended fluorescent primers.

Transition mechanism of flow modes in Czochralski convection

Flow visualization and temperature fluctuation measurements were carried out for Czochralski bulk flow with silicone oil. A time period of temperature fluctuation beneath a rotating cold cylinder (a model for a crystal rod) was measured and plotted versus Gr/Re 2. The flow modes and the time period of fluctuation were found to correspond to each other. When Gr/Re 2 was greater than the critical value, buoyant flow as dominant and a descending plume from the center of the bottom plane of a rotating cold cylinder was found to occur periodically with merging of an annular cold plume into a central descending plume. When Gr/Re 2 was smaller than the critical value, a balloon-shape cold plume kept its shape, under a rotating cold cylinder, which was broken periodically due to ascending hot fluid underneath. This breakage of a cold balloon by hot fluid is considered to be responsible for periodic remelting of a crystal rod. These flow modes were clearly shown by a colour visualization technique with liquid crystals.

Immunohistochemical Localization of Endocrine G-Cells in the Epithelium of the Pars pylorica Mucosa of the Cat and Mouse Stomach

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Clothing and Gender in America: Children's Fashions, 1890-1920

Previous articleNext article No AccessRevisions/ReportsClothing and Gender in America: Children's Fashions, 1890-1920Jo B. PaolettiJo B. Paoletti Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Signs Volume 13, Number 1Autumn, 1987Women and the Political Process in the United States Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/494390 Views: 134Total views on this site Citations: 20Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1987 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Silvia De Simone, Jessica Pileri Resistance to gender education: a case study of a kindergarten in Italy, Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 41, no.88 (Jun 2022): 1243–1261.https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-01-2021-0027Cihan Sarı, Albert Ali Salah, Alkım Almıla Akdag Salah Automatic detection and visualization of garment color in Western portrait paintings, Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 34, no.Supplement_1Supplement_1 (Aug 2019): i156–i171.https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqz055Dominique Grisard Pink boys: colouring gender, gendering affect, NORMA 13, no.3-43-4 (Apr 2017): 227–249.https://doi.org/10.1080/18902138.2017.1312956Sui Ping Yeung, Wang Ivy Wong Gender Labels on Gender-Neutral Colors: Do they Affect Children’s Color Preferences and Play Performance?, Sex Roles 79, no.5-65-6 (Jan 2018): 260–272.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0875-3Marco Del Giudice Pink, Blue, and Gender: An Update, Archives of Sexual Behavior 46, no.66 (Jun 2017): 1555–1563.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-1024-3Wang I. Wong, Melissa Hines Preferences for Pink and Blue: The Development of Color Preferences as a Distinct Gender-Typed Behavior in Toddlers, Archives of Sexual Behavior 44, no.55 (Feb 2015): 1243–1254.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0489-1Abdulrahman S. Al-Rasheed An experimental study of gender and cultural differences in hue preference, Frontiers in Psychology 6 (Jan 2015).https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00030Patrik Aspers, Frédéric Godart Sociology of Fashion: Order and Change, Annual Review of Sociology 39, no.11 (Jul 2013): 171–192.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071811-145526Philip N. Cohen Children’s Gender and Parents’ Color Preferences, Archives of Sexual Behavior 42, no.33 (Mar 2012): 393–397.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-9951-5Marco Del Giudice The Twentieth Century Reversal of Pink-Blue Gender Coding: A Scientific Urban Legend?, Archives of Sexual Behavior 41, no.66 (Jul 2012): 1321–1323.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-0002-zAdi Adams “Josh Wears Pink Cleats”: Inclusive Masculinity on the Soccer Field, Journal of Homosexuality 58, no.55 (Apr 2011): 579–596.https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2011.563654Diane Naugler Wearing Pink as a Stand Against Bullying: Why We Need To Say More, Journal of Homosexuality 57, no.33 (Feb 2010): 347–363.https://doi.org/10.1080/00918360903542958Sandy W. Chiu, Shannon Gervan, Courtney Fairbrother, Laurel L. Johnson, Allison F. H. Owen-Anderson, Susan J. Bradley, Kenneth J. Zucker Sex-Dimorphic Color Preference in Children with Gender Identity Disorder: A Comparison to Clinical and Community Controls, Sex Roles 55, no.5-65-6 (Nov 2006): 385–395.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9089-9Kenneth J. Zucker Measurement of Psychosexual Differentiation, Archives of Sexual Behavior 34, no.44 (Aug 2005): 375–388.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-005-4336-7Kenneth J Zucker Intersexuality and Gender Identity Differentiation, Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 15, no.11 (Feb 2002): 3–13.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1083-3188(01)00133-4Kathleen Huun, Susan B. Kaiser The Emergence of Modern Infantwear, 1896-1962: Traditional White Dresses Succumb to Fashion's Gender Obsession, Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 19, no.33 (Jul 2016): 103–119.https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X0101900302Linda B. Arthur Dress and the Social Construction of Gender in Two Sororities, Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 17, no.22 (Jul 2016): 84–93.https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X9901700203Sharron J. Lennon Clothing and Changing Sex Roles: Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses, Home Economics Research Journal 18, no.33 (Jul 2009): 245–254.https://doi.org/10.1177/1077727X9001800306Leigh Eric Schmidt “A Church-going People are a Dress-loving People”: Clothes, Communication, and Religious Culture in Early America, Church History 58, no.11 (Jul 2009): 36–51.https://doi.org/10.2307/3167677JANET M. VOLPP, SHARRON J. LENNON PERCEIVED POLICE AUTHORITY AS A FUNCTION OF UNIFORM HAT AND SEX, Perceptual and Motor Skills 67, no.33 (Dec 1988): 815–824.https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.67.3.815

Color visualization of phase object using Talbot interferometer

A method of color visualization of a phase object based on the Talbot effect is presented. If a grating is illuminated with a collimated white-light, the distance of the Talbot image will differ for different color. By placing an identical grating at a certain distance of negative or positive Talbot image, a single color output is extracted. A color visualization of a phase object placed between two gratings can be performed by a first-order spatial filtering. The hue is related to the first derivative of the phase distribution.

The application of the TBP test to bile.

Emelina G. Saker Department of Toxicology, Georgia Division of Forensic Sciences, P.O. Box 1456, Atlanta, Georgia 31371 buffer pH 7 in a 10-mm • 75-mm tube (to obtain the desired pH of 6 to 7). The mixture was vortexed briefly and 0.2 ml of TBP reagent added. It was then vortexed again for 10 to 15 sec, and certrifuged for 3 to 5 min. If phase separation or color visualization is difficult due to cloudiness or whitish precipitate in the lower chloroform layer, the mixture should be allowed to stand for at least 30 min. If cloudiness interference persists, it should either be allowed to stand for a longer period of time, or more TBP reagent or 2 to 3 drops of chloroform may be added, and the mixture then shaken gently and let stand for 2 to 3 min. The development of color from light golden brown to deep purple (green and light blue are considered negatives) indicates a possible positive result. As reference control, a blank using bile known to be drug free was run.

Photographic Visualization of Floral Colors as Perceived by Honeybee Pollinators

Photographic Visualization of Floral Colors as Perceived by Honeybee Pollinators

Visualization of color coded phase variation with an incoherent optical processing technique

An object phase color encoding technique, which uses a dual color optical processor with encoded extended incoherent sources is presented. This technique provides fine detail of the object phase variation between fringes, including both the positive and negative phase variations. Experimental demonstrations of this color encoding technique are given.

Effective use of color in computer graphics

Color is a significant component of computer aided visualization of information, concepts and ideas. The use of color in all applications of computer graphics enhances the image, clarifies the information presented, and helps distinguish features that are obscure in black and white pictures. Color is used to differentiate elements in the diagrams so that the comparative information is read and understood rapidly and accurately. Color visualization techniques increase the amount of information that can be integrated into the visual message or picture, and thus create layers of information. It is clear that research and discovery can be supported and enhanced by color application, or inhibited by ineffectual use of color. In order to effectively utilize color in the visualization of ideas, information, or concepts, the role of color in various applications must be examined, and the perceptual behavior of color must be delineated. The basic principles of color theory have been discussed to provide a fundamental understanding of the characteristics of color and the manner in which colors interact with one another. Based on these principles, the user will be better able to utilize color in an effective manner relative to specific applications in color graphics.

Radioisotope encephalo-cisternography and encephalo-ventriculography.

✓ The techniques of radioisotope encephalo-cisternography (REC) and encephalo-ventriculography (REV) permit integrated and essentially simultaneous dual color visualization of the conventional brain scan and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) scan. Sequential scintiphotos of the brain and CSF distribution of two radiopharmaceuticals were obtained with the use of a pulse height analyzer by taking advantage of the difference in their photopeaks. The patient was kept in the same position during the two sequential procedures. The two scintiphotos were then superimposed and integrated by one of two simple photographic color conversion methods. Valuable information is obtained by these two techniques, particularly for the evaluation of the relative size of the CSF cavities and the brain substance, and for the differentiation of extra- from intracerebral endocranial lesions.