Visualization Of 3D Models Research Articles

Delineation of necroleachate pathways using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT): Case study on a cemetery in Brazil

Cemeteries can be considered as potential sources of soil and groundwater contamination in burial sites where there is no collection and treatment system for necroleachate, an effluent rich in organic matter and inorganic elements produced during the decomposition of corpses. Brazilian cemeteries are mostly located in the interior of cities, where collective or family deposits with the absence of necroleachate collection devices predominates. The tropical climate, the recurrence, and the distribution of corpses, combined with soil permeability, are decisive elements in the percolation and distribution of necroleachate in the subsurface. An important tool for the diagnosis and evaluation of organic and inorganic contamination in soil and shallow aquifers is geophysics, through research methods related to the contrast of physical properties in the presence of this type of contaminant. This research consists of a geophysical investigation in a medium-sized cemetery in the southeastern Brazil, using the DC resistivity method using three different electrodes arrays: Wenner, Schlumberger and Dipole-Dipole. Additionally, results were combined with the history of burials in the 5 years prior to the geophysical study. The 2D inversion models confirm the presence of low resistivity anomalies related to the presence of ionic compounds. 3D visualization models with results of the three acquisition arrays are compared to the amount of burial by compartmentalized areas of the cemetery, which clearly reveals a relationship of areas with high and recent recurrence of burials and areas of low resistivity in depth. The results do not present significant differences between arrays, with similarities in terms of location and dimension of the most significant areas of low resistivity.

Fine detection technology of rock mass structure based on borehole acousto-optic combined measurement

Aiming at the problem of rock mass structure fine detection, a solution idea of synchronous data acquisition based on acoustic scanning technology and borehole panoramic image technology is proposed. Based on the omni-directional acoustic pulse reflection sequence data and panoramic optical borehole image, the problem of difficult calculation of typical borehole structure scale and extended azimuth positioning is solved. A 3D modeling and data visualization optimization scheme of borehole rock mass structure based on full pulse acoustic scanning data and forward-looking borehole optical image is formed. By combining the acoustic scanning characteristics of section and the optical image characteristics of rock wall, the extraction technology of borehole rock mass structural characteristic parameters is formed. The 3D imaging and characteristic parameter extraction technology system of borehole rock mass structure is formed, which is applied to the actual borehole rock mass structure detection. The detection results are consistent with the actual characteristics.

Parallel Calculation Method of Patch Area Landscape Art Index Based on Surface Coverage Data

Aiming at the problem of slow convergence in the parallel calculation of patch area landscape art index, a parallel calculation method of patch area landscape art index based on land cover data was proposed. Firstly, patch type area index, patch connectivity index, patch number index, and fragmentation index were selected as patch area landscape art spatial staggered pattern indexes to conduct characteristic analysis and establish a 3D visual reconstruction model with actual colors. Then, the coordinate points of the landscape space staggered pattern are transformed into three-dimensional visual coordinate points to realize the reconstruction of landscape art space staggered pattern in patch area. The aerial landscape image of patch area is preprocessed and input into GPU to build a Gaussian difference pyramid model. The feature points of the patch area in the aerial landscape image are calculated by the parallel computing process, and the patch boundary in the aerial landscape image is determined. The landscape perimeter of the patch area was calculated according to the boundary. The experimental results show that the complete convergence time of the horizontal axis error and the vertical axis error is 2.13 s and 1.81 s, respectively, and the absolute error and relative error of the perimeter measurement are controlled below 0.60 m and 1.00%, respectively.

BIM-based mixed-reality application for bridge inspection and maintenance

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a building information modelling (BIM)-based mixed reality (MR) application to enhance and facilitate the process of managing bridge inspection and maintenance works remotely from office. It aims to address the ineffective decision-making process on maintenance tasks from the conventional method which relies on documents and 2D drawings on visual inspection. This study targets two key issues: creating a BIM-based model for bridge inspection and maintenance; and developing this model in a MR platform based on Microsoft Hololens.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review is conducted to determine the limitation of MR technology in the construction industry and identify the gaps of integration of BIM and MR for bridge inspection works. A new framework for a greater adoption of integrated BIM and Hololens is proposed. It consists of a bridge information model for inspection and a newly-developed Hololens application named “HoloBridge”. This application contains the functional modules that allow users to check and update the progress of inspection and maintenance. The application has been implemented for an existing bridge in South Korea as the case study.FindingsThe results from pilot implementation show that the inspection information management can be enhanced because the inspection database can be systematically captured, stored and managed through BIM-based models. The inspection information in MR environment has been improved in interpretation, visualization and visual interpretation of 3D models because of intuitively interactive in real-time simulation.Originality/valueThe proposed framework through “HoloBridge” application explores the potential of integrating BIM and MR technology by using Hololens. It provides new possibilities for remote inspection of bridge conditions.

Using Three-Dimensional Augmented Reality to Enhance General Aviation Weather Training

This work evaluates augmented reality (AR) training materials for general aviation (GA) weather training. Reviews of GA weather training identify gaps where students lack opportunities to experience weather patterns and lack the ability to correlate weather knowledge in weather-related situations. Three-dimensional (3D) visual models may help close the gaps by visualizing information about weather processes, hazards, and visual cues. A 3D AR thunderstorm model visualizes a single-cell thunderstorm clouds, winds, precipitation, lightning, and advective movement. Preliminary evaluation of the model was conducted through a subject matter expert (SME) review and a usability study. The SME review identified improvements to the model and areas for future content design. The usability study identified usability issues with the model. Insights about the design of weather visualizations are developed into recommendations. The approach will integrate 3D AR models into the weather training curriculum to create interactive print training.

Open osteology: Medical imaging databases as skeletal collections

• Medical imaging datasets can be used as skeletal reference collections • Computed tomography data from TCIA can be accessed via 3D Slicer • Many tools in 3D Slicer support skeletal analyses and dissemination products • 3D bone models can be used for education, research, training, web-based reference • Bone modeling in 3D Slicer will support common workflows and shareable datasets The increasing availability of de-identified medical image databases, especially of computed tomography (CT) scans, presents an opportunity for “open osteology,” or the establishment of new skeletal reference collections. The number of free and/or open-source software packages for generating three-dimensional (3D) CT models, such as 3D Slicer, reduces financial obstacles to working with CT data and encourages the development of common workflows and datasets. The direct link to the Cancer Imaging Archive from 3D Slicer facilitates access to medical imaging datasets to support education and research with virtual skeletal data. Generation of 3D models enables computational methods for skeletal analyses and can also lead to the generation of virtual libraries representing large amounts of human skeletal variation. 3D printing of 3D CT models can supplement physical skeletal collections for the classroom and research beyond the standard commercially available specimens. Web-based technologies support 3D model and CT volume visualization, interaction, and measurement, increasing opportunities for dissemination and collaboration as well as the possible integration of 3D data as references for skeletal analysis tools. Increasing awareness and usage of pre-existing free and open-source resources applicable to forensic anthropology will facilitate method/workflow development, validation, and eventually standardization. This presentation will discuss online sources of skeletal data, outline methods for processing CT scans with free software into 3D digital models and discuss web-based technologies and repositories that allow interaction with 3D skeletal models. The demonstration of these methods will contribute to discussions on the expansion of virtual anthropology and open osteology.

Development of an inside-out augmented reality technique for neurosurgical navigation.

With the advancement of 3D modeling techniques and visualization devices, augmented reality (AR)-based navigation (AR navigation) is being developed actively. The authors developed a pilot model of their newly developed inside-out tracking AR navigation system. The inside-out AR navigation technique was developed based on the visual inertial odometry (VIO) algorithm. The Quick Response (QR) marker was created and used for the image feature-detection algorithm. Inside-out AR navigation works through the steps of visualization device recognition, marker recognition, AR implementation, and registration within the running environment. A virtual 3D patient model for AR rendering and a 3D-printed patient model for validating registration accuracy were created. Inside-out tracking was used for the registration. The registration accuracy was validated by using intuitive, visualization, and quantitative methods for identifying coordinates by matching errors. Fine-tuning and opacity-adjustment functions were developed. ARKit-based inside-out AR navigation was developed. The fiducial marker of the AR model and those of the 3D-printed patient model were correctly overlapped at all locations without errors. The tumor and anatomical structures of AR navigation and the tumors and structures placed in the intracranial space of the 3D-printed patient model precisely overlapped. The registration accuracy was quantified using coordinates, and the average moving errors of the x-axis and y-axis were 0.52 ± 0.35 and 0.05 ± 0.16 mm, respectively. The gradients from the x-axis and y-axis were 0.35° and 1.02°, respectively. Application of the fine-tuning and opacity-adjustment functions was proven by the videos. The authors developed a novel inside-out tracking-based AR navigation system and validated its registration accuracy. This technical system could be applied in the novel navigation system for patient-specific neurosurgery.

Towards realistic organ models for 3D printing and visualization

Abstract Three-dimensional visualizations and 3D-printed organs are used increasingly for teaching, surgery planning, patient education, and interventions. Hence, pipelines for the creation of the necessary geometric data from CT or MR images on a per-patient basis are needed. Furthermore, modern 3D printing techniques enable new possibilities for the models with regard to color, softness, and textures. However, to utilize these new features, the respective information has to be derived from the medical images in addition to the geometry of the relevant organ structures. In this work, we propose an automatable pipeline for the creation of realistic, patientspecific 3D-models for visualization and 3D printing in the context of liver surgery and discuss remaining challenges.

Lightweight Visualization of 3D Model Based on Cloud Computing Information System

The processing requirements of 3D model data in modern manufacturing industry and the data type characteristics of 3D model data source. With the popularity of modern cloud computing platform and the technical advantages of cloud computing platform, the 3D model information is stored in the information system, and the cloud computing technology is used to manage the information system. The purpose of this article is to combine cloud computing technology with lightweight 3D visualization technology such as acrobat 3D to realize lightweight visualization of 3D model in information system. With the advantage of cloud computing platform which does not occupy local resources and has large data processing capacity combined with lightweight 3D visualization technology such as Acrobat 3D,3D model data can be visualized in cloud fast traffic. This paper investigates and studies, compares the speed of reading information between the information system using cloud computing technology and the ordinary local storage information system, and tries to find out the advantages of cloud computing compared with the traditional information system. In addition, this paper also optimizes lightweight on the basis of 3D model data set. Reduce the collective product of its data without destroying the visualization of its basic information.

Geophysical and structural survey in copper occurrence located in the northern region of the Camaquã basin (RS)

The geophysical diagnosis of mineral deposits can be extremely useful in detailing mineralized zones and is a strategy for direct sampling by probing holes for content analysis. This study involves the combined use of Electrical geophysical methods (DC resistivity and Induced Polarization), geological recognition and structural field analysis, with a study of the mineralized occurrence of copper, previously described in a systematic geochemical survey carried out by the Geological Survey of Brazil (CPRM), located in the north of the Camaquã Basin, extreme south of Brazil. The mineral occurrence is partially outcropped and consists of quartz vein shafts with malachite and relic structures of sulfides, contained in schist. Structural data obtained in the field revealed the existence of a system of fracture pairs in the directions N40-50W and N70-80E. Such information is presented in the programming of the geophysical data acquisition scheme, which consisted of 6 lines of electrical tomography with 410m each, in azimuthal disposition and Schlumberger arrangement, where all lines cross a single center and are separated according to an angle of 30°, in an attempt to cover fractures in various orientations. The 2D results reveal the existence of high chargeability zones (>40mV/V) positioned below the 40m depth. These data were interpolated in 3D visualization models and generated resistivity and chargeability maps for several depths, which integrated with previous structural data, and indicate the existence of zones with potential sulfide concentration with strong structural control, in addition to clear target recognition for direct and objective probing evaluation, with rationalization of costs.

Integrating multimedia documents and time‐evolving 3D city models for web visualization and navigation

AbstractMany geographic features such as 3D city models, real‐time sensor data and multimedia documents (photo, audio, video, etc.) are nowadays available for describing urban areas. These heterogeneous geographic features are multidimensional (spatial, thematic and temporal), can have multiple representations (text, iconography, etc.) and can be modeled using diverse formats. Browsing and crossing these features can help us to analyze and understand the past and present and plan the future evolution of cities. Furthermore, doing so in a web context allows us to share and enrich them in a collective way. In this article we propose a new generic model (GenLinkable) for integrating such features. We also propose the Gen4DCity‐Doc model which specifies GenLinkable to integrate multimedia documents and time‐evolving 3D city models for web visualization and navigation. Gen4DCity‐Doc extends previous research results by integrating new resources describing cities (multimedia documents). Gen4DCity‐Doc is implemented in a web prototype based on a four‐tier architecture using and enhancing open source software and standards. Finally, we also demonstrate that these models open up new navigation possibilities in 3D city models and in multimedia documents through a 3D web interface, which is a current challenge, especially to help researchers in urban history.

Construction and visualization of a three-dimensional model of an engineering geological body

Based on the geological data and engineering practice at the Qixiashan lead-zinc mine in Nanjing, the application of the 3D visualization model in mine production visualization was preliminarily discussed with the help of international mining software Surpac. Constructed stope each layered solid model and the roadway model - 425, eventually form - 425 middle stope solid model, through the rotation, zoom, mobile, etc., can be precisely display stope each layered space form, and cut in any direction, volume calculation, such as, the mine production management is of certain guiding significance. Based on the solid model of the Qixiashan ore body in Nanjing, this paper analyzes the construction principle of the block model, studies the construction method of the block model, uses the inverse ratio method of distance power to evaluate the block model, constructs the grade model of the ore body, and discusses the application of the grade model in mine.

Risk Analysis for Earthquake-Damaged Buildings Using Point Cloud and BIM Data: A Case Study of the Daeseong Apartment Complex in Pohang, South Korea

Since 2016, the frequency and scale of earthquakes have been rapidly increasing in South Korea. In particular, the damage caused by the Gyeongju and Pohang earthquakes has attracted considerable attention since 2017, leading to changes in social insensitivity to safety and the perception of seismic damage to facilities. However, the current risk assessment technology for earthquake-damaged buildings is subjective and inaccurate, as it is based on visual inspection for a limited time. Accordingly, this study focuses on improving the method of analysis of disaster-damaged buildings. To this end, the study analyzes the risk factors of earthquake-damaged buildings by comparing point cloud data using 3D scanning technology with Building Information Modeling (BIM) spatial information, which is based on the existing design information. To apply this technology, existing design information was acquired through BIM modeling of the existing 2D design drawings of Building E in the Daeseong Apartment Complex (located in Heunghae-eup, Pohang City). This study is expected to contribute to improving the efficiency of measurement technology for earthquake-damaged buildings by analyzing old buildings’ BIM-based 3D modeling visualization information without drawing information, and thus improving the accuracy of seismic damage risk measurement by scanning point cloud data.

Drone Mapping Versus Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Building Mapping andAssesement

Drone mapping and terrestrial laser scanning are two advanced techniques that have been used around the world in recent years for documentation and mapping of buildings with historic value, construction project/infrastructure monitoring, mapping of cities, and a lot more survey. A well-defined methodology for data extraction, modelling, and monitoring is yet to evolve. This study compares and demonstrates terrestrial laser scanning and drone survey for building mapping with validation and accuracy checks. A terrestrial scanner was used to perform three scans of a building and drone was used to capture high-performance vertical images and oblique images. A three dimensional (3D) model was generated using advanced software techniques. Building facade elevation and plans were extracted from the 3D model after validation and accuracy check. The drone model produced high-quality visualization while terrestrial scanner output data allowed to extracting minute details after removing noise. Drone mapping and terrestrial laser scanning are two unique stand-alone technologies for serving different purposes individually, but they greatly complement each other when used together. Visualization of digital real-time 3D model helps in scrolling around at different nooks and corners of the building for a survey which is not possible through conventional mapping techniques; this is one of the greatest advantages of these techniques.

Retracted] 3D City Online Visualization and Cluster Architecture for Digital City

As an important carrier of human production, life, and social development, the emergence of cities symbolizes the maturity and civilization of mankind. For more than 40 years of reform and opening up, our country’s economic development has become increasingly prosperous, and urbanization is booming. At present, our country is in a decisive period for building a well‐off society in an all‐round way, with rapid progress in socio‐economic growth and urbanization. Based on this, this article is oriented towards urban visualization modeling work and proposes a cluster modeling method that is compatible with the combination of urban geological structure and three‐dimensional urban space, so that urban space modeling work not only pays attention to the rationality of above‐ground planning and construction but also fully considers underground geology the stability and safety of the structure. This paper uses the 3D city online visualization modeling technology to efficiently and reasonably complete the 3D urban geological modeling under the fusion of multiple geological data and combines the organic combination of multisource heterogeneous model data to convert the geological model data into a 3D geographic information model; the universal standard format analyzes the rapid construction of large‐scale complex geological structure models and the integrated expression of multisource heterogeneous model data. Experiments have proved that from the cluster capacity of 5,000 to 100,000, no matter how much the modeling time is different, whether it is to search the entire territory or part of the scope, the search time of the 3D city visualization model is less than 20 ms, and the 3D city visualization model map of the city can be well established. This shows that the three‐dimensional city visualization model highlights the impact of the urban geological environment on urban construction and development and visually and vividly displays region geological structure and other information in a three‐dimensional way, providing corresponding information for urban geological stability assessment and geological disaster rescue reference and help.

LAHMA: structure analysis through local annotation of homology-matched amino acids.

Comparison of homologous structure models is a key step in analyzing protein structure. With a wealth of homologous structures, comparison becomes a tedious process, and often only a small (user-biased) selection of data is used. A multitude of structural superposition algorithms are then typically used to visualize the structures together in 3D and to compare them. Here, the Local Annotation of Homology-Matched Amino acids (LAHMA) website (https://lahma.pdb-redo.eu) is presented, which compares any structure model with all of its close homologs from the PDB-REDO databank. LAHMA displays structural features in sequence space, allowing users to uncover differences between homologous structure models that can be analyzed for their relevance to chemistry or biology. LAHMA visualizes numerous structural features, also allowing one-click comparison of structure-quality plots (for example the Ramachandran plot) and `in-browser' structural visualization of 3D models.

A Workflow for High-pressure Freezing and Freeze Substitution of the Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo for Ultrastructural Analysis by Conventional and Volume Electron Microscopy.

The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a popular model system for studying developmental biology. Here we describe a detailed protocol to high-pressure freeze the C. elegans embryo (either ex vivo after dissection, or within the intact worm) followed by quick freeze substitution. Processed samples are suitable for ultrastructural analysis by conventional electron microscopy (EM) or newer volume EM (vEM) approaches such as Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM). The ultrastructure of cellular features such as the nuclear envelope, chromosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are well preserved after these experimental procedures and yield accurate 3D models for visualization and analysis ( Chang et al., 2020 ). This protocol was used in the 3D reconstruction of membranes and chromosomes after pronuclear meeting in the C. elegans zygote ( Rahman et al., 2020 ).

3D modelling and visualization for Vision-based Vibration Signal Processing and Measurement

Abstract With the technological evolutionary advent, a vision-based approach presents the remote measuring approach for the analysis of vibration. The structure vibration test and model parameter identification in the detection of the structure of the bridge evaluation occupies the important position. The bridge structure to operate safely and reliably is ensured, according to the geological data of qixiashan lead-zinc mine and engineering actual situation, with the aid of international mining software Surpac. To build the 3D visualization model of the application of visualization in mine production are discussed. The results show that the final solid model of -425 stope can accurately display the spatial form of each layer of stope through rotation, amplification and movement. The proposed system is effectually able to perform cutting, volume calculation and roaming in any direction, which has certain guiding significance for mine production management. An accuracy value of 98.75%, the sensitivity of 99%, specificity of 99.64% and PPV of 99.89% are achieved using the proposed 3D modelling and visualization algorithm for vibration signal processing and management.

Art Product Design and VR User Experience Based on IoT Technology and Visualization System

Based on the Internet of Things technology, this paper analyzes the concept and basic characteristics of visualization technology and builds a visualization digital art product information system based on VRML virtual reality technology. This article first explains the background and significance, analyzes the research status at home and abroad, introduces the application of virtual realization technology, and puts forward the technical route and main research content on this basis. After field inspection of art products, the system was analyzed according to the actual situation. After analyzing the needs and goals of the system, the overall structure of the system was proposed. Under the overall framework, this paper designs the system and designs the system’s visualization and real‐time interaction modules. At the same time, combined with VRML technology to realize the visual 3D modeling of virtual art products, we establish the 3D model of the entire art product. Users can choose between role roaming and camera roaming. Finally, we made a summary statement to the full text and looked forward to the application prospects and development trends of information visualization technology in digital art products. During the experiment, by calling the HTC method in the Unity 3D system, this article uses the Unity 3D engine to implement UI scene loading and VR rendering technology optimization and realizes design knowledge through the integration of art product design models and IoT data interactive functions and dynamic loading of scenes. The effect of the model on the quality prediction is analyzed through experiments. The results show that the performance of the former is better than the latter two models, and it has a good performance on unbalanced data processing, which verifies the performance and effectiveness of the algorithm model.

Adaptive Deep Learning-Based Point Cloud Geometry Coding

Point clouds are a very rich 3D visual representation model, which has become increasingly appealing for multimedia applications with immersion, interaction and realism requirements. Due to different acquisition and creation conditions as well as target applications, point clouds' characteristics may be very diverse, notably on their density. While geographical information systems or autonomous driving applications may use rather sparse point clouds, cultural heritage or virtual reality applications typically use denser point clouds to more accurately represent objects and people. Naturally, to offer immersion and realism, point clouds need a rather large number of points, thus asking for the development of efficient coding solutions. The use of deep learning models for coding purposes has recently gained relevance, with latest developments in image coding achieving state-of-the-art performance, thus making natural the adoption of this technology also for point cloud coding. This paper presents a novel deep learning-based solution for point cloud geometry coding which is able to efficiently adapt to the content's characteristics. The proposed coding solution divides the point cloud into 3D blocks and selects the most suitable available deep learning coding model to code each block, thus maximizing the compression performance. In comparison to the state-of-the-art MPEG G-PCC Trisoup standard, the proposed coding solution offers average quality gains up to 4.9 and 5.7 dB for PSNR D1 and PSNR D2, respectively.