In recent years, the use of radiation diagnostics, treatment services, and many areas of health services has become widespread with technological developments. The widespread use of radioactive substances and radiation-producing devices in health services has increased the need for effective radiation protection programs, and the need for training in terms of the applicability of these programs is also increasing. This randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of on-the-job toolbox training defined as a short, informal safety meeting led by a supervisor that focuses on specific workplace hazards or safe work practices on the knowledge, practices, and safety-related behaviors of healthcare professionals working in radiation environments. Sixty-three participants from the radiology units of a university hospital in Hatay, Türkiye, were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=33) or a control group (n=30). The intervention group received brief, face-to-face training sessions using visual materials in their work environments. Data was collected before and after the training and at two follow-up periods. After the training, radiation protection knowledge increased significantly in the intervention group (p<0.001), while no change was observed in the control group. Observational assessments revealed that there was an improvement in practice scores in the intervention group and that the gains were largely maintained over time. Additionally, adverse event reporting, an important quality indicator, increased significantly in the intervention group, indicating increased safety awareness. These results confirm that toolbox training is an effective method for improving both knowledge and safe practices among healthcare professionals. Its brief, practical, and workplace-based format contributes to increased engagement and retention of learning. The findings support the integration of toolbox training into in-service training programs as a complement or alternative to traditional methods. Future studies should examine its long-term effectiveness and applicability in a variety of healthcare settings.

This article analyzes the intersection of race, Catholic morality, and pastoral work in comics, focusing on the figure of Saint Peter Claver and his representation by the Jesuit order in Cartagena de Indias. It examines the work of Ángel Valtierra (1911–1982), a specialist in communications media, and the comic Pedro Claver, un hombre que se hizo esclavo (1974), within the context of liberation theology. Through a qualitative analysis of historical documents and Colombian visual materials, the study explores how the religious comic represents race and saintly figures associated with Black communities, highlighting tensions in pastoral morality regarding sanctity, the body, and power, as well as limitations in its approach to racial equality and human rights.

This article explores how “development” is discursively constructed and strategically mobilized in local political rhetoric in South Sulawesi through Derrida’s concept of différance and deconstructive semiotics. In recent regional elections, development has become a dominant rhetorical resource, with candidates invoking notions such as “progress,” “modernization,” and “prosperity” as central signifiers. Yet these terms rarely carry stable or measurable meanings; instead, their meaning is deferred to an uncertain future and adapted to shifting contexts. Using a qualitative, interpretive discourse-analytic approach, the study examines speeches, debate transcripts, campaign slogans, and visual materials from mayoral and gubernatorial campaigns in 2023–2024. The analysis maps key development signifiers, identifies recurring binary oppositions, and traces how différance appears through ambiguities, contradictions, and deferred meanings. The study finds that “development” operates as a floating, overdetermined signifier that enables politicians to occupy multiple discursive positions without clear accountability. The use of development rhetoric thus relies on strategic vagueness and temporal deferral. The article contributes theoretically by integrating différance into regional political discourse analysis and methodologically by demonstrating how deconstructive semiotics enriches critical discourse studies. Practically, it offers a critical lens for citizens, educators, and media practitioners to interrogate development narratives in local campaigns.

Abstract Rewilding has gained significant influence in nature conservation, offering hopeful narratives that address the interconnected challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss while enabling people to reconnect with ‘wildness’ in the Anthropocene. Rewilding powerfully shapes imaginaries of possible futures and is being implemented through numerous projects across the UK. These projects fundamentally transform landscape aesthetics and determine which human and non‐human species are rendered visible, desirable and legitimate in rewilded futures. In this study, we interrogate the aesthetics of rewilding through a qualitative approach that examines visual and textual materials from advocacy organisation websites, their social media accounts on Instagram and artificial intelligence (AI)‐generated representations of rewilding produced by AI chatbots. Our analysis focuses on the framing and content of visual materials, such as what is represented and what is absent, as well as how these materials construct visions of desirable future natures. We find that representations of rewilding focus on conventional nature aesthetics, predominantly excluding aesthetically challenging ecosystem processes, non‐charismatic species and a diversity of people. We argue that visual and textual materials reveal not only how nature is represented in rewilding discourses but also embody normative assumptions about what recovered or rewilded nature should look like. These visual representations act politically by normalising the presence or absence of particular people and activities in landscapes, thereby perpetuating narrow conceptualisations of environmental futures. We discuss how our findings may inform the development of more socially just environmental imaginaries, contributing to more inclusive future land management both in policy and practice. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

The article aims to identify the strategic principles for forming a marketing product innovation policy of an enterprise in the online trading system, taking into account the influence of the digital environment, data on consumer behavior, requirements for service, logistics, and reputation. The object is the process of forming and implementing a marketing product innovation policy of enterprises that sell in the Internet trade system. The relevance of our topic is due to the fact that Internet trade has transformed a product from a simple unit of assortment into a dynamic value proposition that is constantly changing under the influence of consumer behavior, platform algorithms, the speed of logistics and communications in the digital environment, as well as the growth of competition, where the comparison of prices and characteristics occurs instantly. In such conditions, companies cannot limit themselves to tactical decisions such as expanding the line or short-term discounts, since the strategic management of product innovation, its uniqueness, functionality, design, service component, environmental friendliness, safety and compliance with the expectations of specific segments that are formed and change faster than in traditional trade becomes crucial. The need to integrate product policy with demand data, reviews, behavioral signals, reputation management and the quality of customer experience, including information transparency, ease of returns, warranty obligations and after-sales support, becomes even more important, because in online trade these factors often determine repeat purchases and brand trust. The article explores the strategic principles of the formation of marketing product innovation policy in the online trading system and shows its role as the core of the enterprise's competitive strategy in the digital environment, where the consumer makes decisions quickly, has access to an array of alternatives and public reviews, and the quality of service becomes an integral part of the value. It is determined that the product in the online channel exists simultaneously as a material or digital product and as an information offer, which is perceived through the structure of the assortment, page content, comparison of characteristics, rating, availability, delivery terms, warranty obligations and return procedures, therefore, innovation should cover the product, service, information support and customer experience. The levels of innovation in online trading are characterized, in particular, updating functional properties, design, packaging and packaging, expanding the service component through support, exchange and loyalty programs, improving information transparency using high-quality descriptions, visual materials and answers to questions, as well as building convenient purchase and return scenarios.

The awareness and participation of local communities play a critical role in the sustainable development of tourism. This study aims to examine, in depth and systematically, the levels of awareness among the local population regarding the natural, cultural, and gastronomic assets of Bingöl Province. The study includes structured questions, photo-based applications, word cloud analysis, and an interactive puzzle technique (word search puzzle) to measure participants’ levels of recognition and awareness of touristic values. The data were collected through face-to-face structured interviews conducted with 25 participants. The findings reveal that while participants exhibited high levels of awareness regarding well-known values such as the Floating Islands, Natural Monument, Haserek Ski Center, Bingöl Honey, Kös Thermal Springs, and the 33 Martyrs’ Monument, their awareness was comparatively limited for lesser known or newly registered values. The correct identification rates of the photographs indicate which local assets are more familiar to the public and which require further promotion efforts. The puzzle technique used within the study enabled participants to learn about touristic and cultural assets in a more effective, interactive, and engaging manner, thereby enhancing their visual and cognitive awareness. Overall, the use of visual materials and interactive methods in the promotion of Bingöl’s touristic and cultural assets is expected to increase public awareness and contribute to the preservation of local cultural heritage. This approach also provides valuable insights for the development of regional tourism strategies and sustainable tourism planning.

Social media platforms have become central arenas for political communication, electoral mobilization, and institutional contestation. This study examines how TikTok, Facebook, and Instagram were used during and after the 2025 Romanian presidential elections to circulate populist, sovereignist, and anti-institutional narratives. Drawing on a mixed-method content analysis of 764 public posts and over 2000 associated comments collected between 1 April and 30 June 2025, the study identifies dominant themes, discursive frames, and forms of user participation across platforms. The findings reveal marked platform-specific differences. TikTok emerges as the primary space for emotionally charged, visually oriented political communication and post-electoral contestation, while Facebook facilitates more argumentative and institution-focused discourse. Instagram plays a marginal role in political communication within the analyzed context. The results further indicate that content challenging the legitimacy of electoral institutions persists beyond the electoral moment and is amplified through coordinated dissemination patterns and interactive forms of participation, including AI-modified visual materials. By integrating thematic, discursive, and participatory analysis in a comparative platform framework, this study contributes to the literature on digital political communication and online populism. It highlights the role of social media platforms as amplifiers of symbolic conflict in democracies undergoing processes of institutional consolidation.

Limited variation of instructional materials and the underutilization of learning media in the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in elementary schools may affect students’ engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. This study aims to audit existing instructional materials, analyze learning needs, and develop more effective and contextual materials at SDN 184 Dare Ajue, Soppeng Regency. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed through instructional material audits, classroom observations, interviews with school principals and teachers, and student group discussions. The data were analyzed to examine the alignment of instructional materials with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum and students’ learning needs. The results indicate that instructional materials are still dominated by printed resources, while the use of digital materials remains limited due to facility constraints. The needs analysis reveals that students prefer visual, contextual, and activity-based learning materials. Based on these findings, a thematic student worksheet was developed emphasizing observation, discussion, and reflection activities. The implementation shows increased student participation, engagement, and learning motivation. These findings highlight the importance of needs-based auditing in producing relevant and effective instructional materials.

This study explores the use of digital 3D models as a new multimedia teaching tool for culture transmission in foreign language education. Conducted with 59 teacher candidates (32 English, 27 German) aged 20–30, the study compared 3D models with traditional (audio) visual materials such as drawings, videos, and 360-degree videos. A historical building and a modern educational institution were presented using these materials during the 2024–2025 academic year in the Educational Technologies course. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests and in-class interviews, focusing on participants’ demographics, prior experience with 3D models, and their views on their effectiveness. Results showed that most participants found digital 3D models more effective than other materials in conveying cultural content, despite some uncertainties regarding their use.

Using theories of rhythm, temporality and photography, this study explores how the rhythm of visual news flow is shaped in today’s newsrooms and how it affects the truth-telling mission of news journalism. The material on which the study is based was collected in 2024 through participant observation and interviews with visual professionals at a regional Finnish newspaper, at a national Swedish newspaper, and through interviews with Russian visual professionals working in newsrooms in exile. The results show that the 24-h news cycle of online news, where there is a constant need for new visual material, as well as new opportunities for slower visual journalism, creates a rhythm where images do not need to give evidence to certain specific moments in time. Although visual journalism professionals express a restrictive attitude towards AI-generated images and a protective attitude towards photography as a registration, truth claims tend to focus on ‘abstract’ and ‘emotive’ truths. New opportunities to obtain detailed information on user behaviour also affect the rhythm of how, what, when and where to publish, and newsrooms are struggling to find a rhythm that corresponds to users’ experience of living in media-saturated societies.

Panoramic images, with their wide field of view and abundant information, have become essential visual materials in digital art creation and virtual reality. However, existing panoramic image restoration and quality enhancement methods lack high-level semantic understanding and global feature control, which often leads to structural disorder in complex scenes. They also struggle to balance semantic comprehension, real-time performance, and restoration quality. To address these issues, this paper raises a panoramic image restoration and visual quality enhancement model for digital art creation. The model uses a Multi Scale Residual Network, a Coordinate Space Attention mechanism, and super resolution reconstruction to construct a visual quality enhancement algorithm, which accurately captures both local details and global structural features. Based on this algorithm, an optimized Generative Adversarial Network and a Vision Transformer are integrated to model the spatial correlation and semantic logic between damaged and undamaged regions, achieving high-quality completion. Experimental results show that the model achieves a Structural Similarity Index of 0.975 and 0.971, a Peak Signal to Noise Ratio of 53.82 dB and 53.75 dB, a maximum memory usage of 394MB, and a response time of 3.12s with a data volume of 2000 in DIV2K and SUN360 datasets. The model outperforms comparison models in all metrics, enhances both detail clarity and global consistency, and maintains efficient processing performance. It provides high-quality visual materials for digital art creation and shows significant advantages across various performance indicators.

Inclusion science has demonstrated the relative value of recruitment strategies, including engaging people from the intended study population to help shape recruitment materials. Yet, these studies rarely describe specific design and content features of visual recruitment materials. We aimed to experimentally test the effects of one simple design feature - the inclusion of a photograph of the principal investigator in visual recruitment materials - on willingness to participate in research. We conducted this experiment in community settings, tabling at community events (community health fairs, back-to-school events, and sporting events), from December 2023 to January 2025. 192 people completed the experiment. The three-factor interaction of photograph type, similarity to researcher, and researcher credibility had a significant effect on willingness to participate in a brain health research study. Results demonstrate strategies for improving the effectiveness of advertisements. First, findings demonstrate the role of researcher credibility and similarity to researcher in volunteers' consideration of participation. Second, results suggest the use of researcher photographs in recruitment materials.

The research is dedicated to the analysis of the continuity of China's cultural heritage through the example of the integration of the legend of the Eight Immortals into food packaging design. It focuses on the evolution of visual (color palette, composition) and symbolic elements (character images, mythological plots) during the 20th and 21st centuries, as well as their adaptation to commercial requirements and technological innovations. Specific examples, from the packaging of "Zhonghua Sezi" cookies (1912–1949) with traditional ornaments to the interactive box "Zhiwei Guan" (2021) using shadow theater, demonstrate how design transforms from direct reproduction of myths to their stylization (anime style in the 2019 project). The study shows that the synthesis of traditional narratives with modern technologies (digital graphics, interactivity) preserves cultural identity, enhances emotional connection with consumers, and increases the market value of brands. A comparative analysis of the evolution of packaging (20th-21st centuries), visual (color, composition) and historical-cultural (context of the era) analysis of design elements, case analysis (the "Return of the Eight Immortals" project), and the study of the adaptation of mythological symbols have been employed. Qualitative methods include analysis of sources, visual materials, marketing strategies, and technological innovations. The integration of the legend of the Eight Immortals into packaging design reflects the dynamics of adapting cultural heritage to aesthetic and market challenges. For example, the transition from direct copying of mythological images (1990s "Penglai" wine packaging) to their stylization in anime style ("Return of the Eight Immortals," 2019) has preserved key meanings ("longevity," "luck"), making them relevant for youth. Interactive formats, such as shadow theater in the "Zhiwei Guan" packaging (2021), transform packaging into a tool for conveying historical memory, engaging consumers through playful elements. The novelty of the study lies in the systematic analysis of the transformation of visual elements and the demonstration of the relationship between the commercialization of archetypes and the growth of brand competitiveness. The synthesis of traditions with technologies creates a sustainable dialogue between the past and present, ensuring the practical significance of cultural memory in modern marketing.

This study examines the role of universities in promoting local cultural sustainability through collaborative governance, using the transformation of the Xin Ding Festival in Jiadong Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan, as a case study. Facing challenges such as population aging, declining birth rates, and difficulties in cultural inheritance, the traditional Hakka festival experienced a gradual loss of vitality. Since 2017, a university team has participated continuously in the festival, collaborating with the local faith center and community organizations to support cultural revitalization. This research adopts a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with university team members, long-term participant observation and fieldwork from 2017 to 2024, and document and visual material analysis. These data were used to examine the collaborative process, governance mechanisms, and power dynamics among stakeholders involved in the cultural transformation. The findings reveal that the university functioned as a resource broker and value translator within a collaborative governance network. Through a progressive four-stage strategy, the university team introduced external resources, activity innovations, and contemporary social values while maintaining core traditional rituals. This process ultimately facilitated the transformation of the Xin Ding Festival into the “Xin Ding Xin Zhi Festival,” incorporating gender equality into local cultural practice. However, the collaboration also exposed power asymmetries and trust challenges, particularly after external funding was secured. In response, the university adopted a flexible conflict adaptation strategy that prioritized long-term relationship sustainability over direct confrontation. This study concludes that universities can play a critical bridging role in cultural sustainability by combining academic resources, contextual sensitivity, and adaptive governance strategies. The findings contribute a practical model of university–community collaboration and offer insights into managing power dynamics in the sustainable revitalization of intangible cultural heritage.

This study examines how Western mainstream media represented the genocide in Gaza and how these representations produced a form of selective humanitarianism during the period between October 2024 and October 2025, when international debates surrounding the conflict intensified. The study analyzes 160 news, analysis, and feature articles, along with associated visual materials, published by major Western media outlets, namely The New York Times, BBC, CNN, and The Guardian. The analysis draws on framing theory, Critical Discourse Analysis, and postcolonial theoretical perspectives. Three recurring discursive patterns emerge: (1) the systematic invisibilization of Palestinian civilian suffering through depersonalized language, passive constructions, and selective sourcing; (2) the persistent deployment of conflict and equivalency frames that neutralize the structural power asymmetry between Israel and Palestine; and (3) the disproportionate amplification of Israeli victimhood through emotionally charged narratives that render some lives more grievable than others. Within international public discourse, these patterns contribute to broader mechanisms of epistemic injustice, rendering Palestinian experiences less visible, less credible, and ultimately less politically consequential. The article concludes that identifying and interrogating these discursive processes is essential for advancing a more ethically consistent and egalitarian international media paradigm.

Understanding how tacit knowledge embedded in visual materials is accessed and utilized during evaluation tasks remains a key challenge in human-computer interaction and visual expertise research. Although eye-tracking studies have identified systematic differences between experts and novices, findings remain inconsistent, particularly in art-related visual evaluation contexts. This study examines whether tacit aspects of visual evaluation can be inferred from gaze behavior by comparing individuals with and without formal art education. Visual evaluation was assessed using a structured, prompt-based task in which participants inspected artistic images and responded to items targeting specific visual elements. Eye movements were recorded using a screen-based eye-tracking system. Areas of Interest (AOIs) corresponding to correct-answer regions were defined a priori based on expert judgment and item prompts. Both AOI-level metrics (e.g., fixation count, mean, and total visit and gaze durations) and image-level metrics (e.g., fixation count, saccade count, and pupil size) were analyzed using appropriate parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. The results showed that participants with an art-education background produced more fixations within AOIs, exhibited longer mean and total AOI visit and gaze durations, and demonstrated lower saccade counts than participants without art education. These patterns indicate more systematic and goal-directed gaze behavior during visual evaluation, suggesting that formal art education may shape tacit visual evaluation strategies. The findings also highlight the potential of eye tracking as a methodological tool for studying expertise-related differences in visual evaluation processes.

In the 21st century, often characterized as the digital age, innovations in internet technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming internet and television journalism through the automated preparation of news (automation), the delivery of tailored content to individuals (personalization), and the reduction of journalism costs (efficiency). This study focuses on how innovations in internet technologies—specifically AI—affect journalistic activities and how a balance can be established between AI systems and human journalists. In this research, the presentation styles of Robo TV Media, which utilizes AI for news delivery, and traditional television news are compared to discuss how AI technologies transform traditional news presentation, as well as to highlight the similarities and differences between them. The theoretical framework of the study is grounded in a perspective that evaluates new technology theories in media alongside the interaction between these technological developments and humans. A qualitative research method was adopted for this study, utilizing descriptive analysis techniques. Five news samples published by both Robo TV Media and traditional television channels were selected and evaluated comparatively. The comparison between Robo TV Media and TV news focused on elements such as the 5W1H (who, what, where, when, why, how) structure, news language, visual materials used in the broadcasts, and the use of body language during presentation. This study contributes to discussions regarding the future of journalism in light of AI innovations and opens a debate on the distinctions between traditional human news anchoring and AI-driven news anchoring.

Abstract This article presents and discusses a table of audiovisual transformations based on practice-based experience. The transformations were designed to reinforce the link between sound and object by considering what a particular audio process would look like if translated into visual form. The creative work involves installations that focus on objects integrated with projection mapping and electroacoustic sound. Examples of other artists who create object-based works are introduced, followed by a discussion around how electroacoustic music can influence audiovisual approaches. Screen and installation-based audiovisual theory expands on this and links to a two-part table of transformation strategies. The first part of the table describes process-based links that were created to imagine how certain electroacoustic studio techniques would translate to alter visual material. The second part describes broader conceptual links between audio and visual elements. The findings offer an insight into how electroacoustic practice can inform audiovisual composition choices. Whilst the intended use was for sound installations, there is significant scope for others to adopt and adapt the transformation strategies beyond this, including visual artists who wish to work with sound and those seeking to further theorise audiovisual relationships in a variety of settings.

This article proposes an interdisciplinary approach between music and mathematics for teaching fractions, using musical notes and rests as a concrete learning tool. It is based on the modern framework that hierarchically organizes rhythmic figures—such as whole note, half note, and quarter note—visually highlighting part-whole relationships that directly correspond to fractional representations. The pedagogical proposal employs manipulative and visual materials, transforming abstract concepts into tangible experiences and facilitating the understanding of equivalences and operations with fractions. One highlighted didactic resource is a card game in which each card displays a musical note or rest on one side and its corresponding fractional representation on the other. This strategy enables playful association and equivalence activities, fostering logical reasoning and student autonomy. The methodology emphasizes peer interaction, attentive observation, and hands-on experimentation, aligning with constructivist learning theories. By integrating artistic and mathematical languages, the proposal not only enriches the school curriculum but also enhances conceptual understanding through meaningful connections. Thus, the article demonstrates how interdisciplinarity can be an effective tool to make fraction instruction more accessible, engaging, and meaningful for students.

This study investigated science teachers’ selection of visual displays for climate change instruction and compared the selection to those of climate scientists who provide public outreach education. Twenty-five secondary science teachers in the US were presented with 25 climate change visual displays and asked to choose five that they would incorporate into a climate change presentation. Teachers were interviewed to document their perspectives about the images and their selection rationale. Interview responses were analyzed using four dimensions from Construal-Level Theory: temporal (e.g., present/now versus future or past), social (e.g., me/us versus them), spatial (e.g., here versus there), and hypothetical (e.g., certain versus uncertain). Findings showed that teachers chose visual materials based on their existing lesson goals. Most teachers (96%) also considered how complex the images were for students to understand. Additionally, about 44% of teachers in this study thought about how the timing or sequence of events shown in the visuals related to students’ understanding of the topic. When the selections were compared to those of 11 scientists from a previous study, both teachers and scientists chose visual displays with future projections and representations of temperature changes. Neither scientists nor teachers tended to use representations that showed trends in data under different conditions or more complex representations. The findings of the study offer insight into the decision-making process employed by educators when selecting climate change visual displays. Implications include the need for professional development that helps teachers interpret and teach with more complex visual representations.