Personal Visits Research Articles

A mediation study of appreciation culture with academic backgrounds, parents’ involvement, absorption capacity and academic performance

PurposeThe aim of the study is to test the relationship between academic backgrounds, parents’ involvement and absorption capacity with academic performance through the mediation effect of appreciation culture.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted on university students from Pakistan. Data were collected through personal visits using self-administered questionnaires. A total of 394 students participated in this study. The data analysis for this study was conducted using Smart-PLS 4.FindingsThe findings of the study confirmed a significant association between academic backgrounds, parents’ involvement and absorption capacity with academic performance. Results also confirmed a significant mediation of appreciation culture between independent variables’ academic backgrounds, parents’ involvement and absorption capacity with dependent variable academic performance.Originality/valuePresently, there is a shortage of comprehensive studies that investigate the collective influence of appreciating culture, academic backgrounds, parental involvement and absorption capacity on academic performance. Moreover, there is a lack of exploration of the implementation of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) along with the theory of academic performance (TAP) in this particular setting. This research aims to fill these gaps by investigating these aspects within an integrated framework, providing significant insights into the existing body of literature.

The impact of organizational support for human resources in enhancing sustainable competitive advantage

The current study aims to examine the effects of organizational support for human resources and their ability to enhance sustainable competitive advantage. The study also seeks to reveal the level of organizational support and sustainable competitive advantage for the sample studied in private colleges, the research sample. The importance of the current study is derived from the importance of the subject of the current study with its studied variables, and the reflection of their effects on sustainable competitive advantage. The problem of the study was raised through some questions, the most important of which was (to what extent is organizational support available to human resources and to what extent are they able to achieve sustainable competitive advantage?) The current study adopted the descriptive analytical approach as it is the optimal approach to survey the opinions of the sample. The questionnaire was the main tool for collecting data in addition to personal interviews and field visits. A random sample was selected and (160) questionnaires were distributed. (154) questionnaires were collected, of which (137) were valid. Some main and sub-hypotheses were developed, the most important of which was (there is a statistically significant correlation and influence between organizational support on the other hand and sustainable competitive advantage). The results were extracted By using some statistical techniques including correlation analysis, regression analysis and structural modeling to test hypotheses through the statistical program ((SPSS V. 28 to analyze the answers. The study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the impact of organizational support on sustainable competitive advantage, and when employees feel that they are supported by their organization, their sense of satisfaction and happiness at work is enhanced. This can lead to an increase in performance and productivity, which enhances the competitive advantage of the organization in a sustainable manner.

Participation in the Missouri Parents as Teachers Parent Education Program and third grade math and English language arts proficiency

The Missouri Parents as Teachers (PAT) Parent Education Program is a voluntary and universal home visiting program available to all Missouri families who are expecting a child or who have a child ages birth to kindergarten entry. Families participating in the Missouri PAT Parent Education Program receive a variety of family support services, including family personal visits with trained parent educators to develop parent practices and child school readiness. Research indicates that home visiting components of parent education programs support child academic outcomes. However, studies have not extensively examined how variation in participation, including the developmental period of exposure—the child's age upon entry and duration of participation—and number and frequency of home/family visits, is associated with child outcomes. In this study, we used linear probability regression to examine associations between variation in participation in the Missouri PAT Parent Education Program and child third grade proficiency in math and English language arts (ELA) (n = 9777), while controlling for relevant child, parent, family, and school-level factors. We also tested the potential moderating role of family low-income status at enrollment into the program. We found that the number of family personal visits was positively associated with third-grade math and ELA proficiency, whereas no significant findings emerged for developmental period of program exposure. Our findings indicate that increased exposure to the Missouri PAT Parent Education Program was positively associated with third-grade academic achievement for all children, including those from low-income families.

MODERN VIEWS OF USE OF TELEREHABILITATION IN URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of the nervous system that often leads to various disorders, including urinary tract dysfunction. This significantly affects the quality of life of patients, causing physical and psychological complications. The term "bladder rehabilitation" summarizes treatment options aimed at restoring its function in patients with neurourological symptoms. A strong contraction of the sphincter of the urethra and/or pelvic floor, as well as anal dilatation, manipulation of the genital area, and physical activity reflexly inhibit urination. A comprehensive physical therapy program for patients with pelvic disoders includes pelvic floor vibration massage, training in proper breathing patterns, pelvic floor muscle relaxation and stabilization exercises and should last several months, during which the patient regularly visits the doctor. The pandemic and war have created barriers that affect almost every aspect of life, treatment and rehabilitation, especially for people with chronic neurological conditions. Traditional rehabilitation methods used to correct urinary tract dysfunction have their limitations, including difficulties in accessing specialists, especially in remote areas. This stimulates the development and implementation of telerehabilitation as an alternative approach. Telerehabilitation involves the use of digital technologies for the remote provision of medical services and patient monitoring. It allows doctors to monitor the condition of patients, provide recommendations and adjust treatment without the need for personal visits. Considering the existing data and our own clinical experience, we consider it appropriate to use telerehabilitation for the correction of disorders of the lower urinary tract, especially in the conditions of war, when access to rehabilitation centers may be difficult. In the department of medical rehabilitation of the University Clinic of the Kharkiv National Medical University, we successfully conducted telerehabilitation using Google Meet video conferencing for 10 patients with urinary incontinence on the background of multiple sclerosis, whose EDSS was no more than 4.0. When conducting online classes under the guidance of a physical therapist, patients noted a desire to strictly follow the recommendations and perform regular exercises. All patients kept a urination diary, according to which the frequency of urination was reduced by an average of 20-25%, which had a positive effect on their quality of life. Although our observations are not representative, in combination with existing studies, we consider telerehabilitation to be a promising direction in complex therapy and rehabilitation of this pathology. Conclusion The use of telerehabilitation for urinary tract dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis is a promising direction that requires further research. This approach can significantly improve the quality of life of patients, reduce the burden on the health care system and provide a more affordable and convenient treatment. A multidisciplinary team should be involved, including a neurologist, a urologist, a gynecologist, and a physical therapist to select the optimal tactics of drug treatment and physical therapy. A promising direction of further research is the development of standard protocols for conducting telerehabilitation for patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction against the background of multiple sclerosis and other pathologies.

Pharmacists' Knowledge, Perception, and Prescribing Practice of Probiotics in the UAE: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The human body is a complex and interconnected system where trillions of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota, coexist with these cells. Besides maintaining digestive health, this relationship also impacts well-being, including immune function, metabolism, and mental health. As frontline healthcare providers, pharmacists are pivotal in promoting the benefits of probiotics for immune support. This study explored pharmacists' knowledge, perception, and practice behavior in the UAE towards the implication of probiotic application beyond digestive health, such as cardiovascular and mental health impacts and their diverse dosage forms. An online self-administered survey was distributed among pharmacists in the UAE. Data were collected through personal visits to pharmacies, where pharmacists were approached and asked to complete the questionnaire. The sample size included 407 pharmacists, determined using the formula for proportions with a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 29. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic characteristics and survey responses. The knowledge levels were categorized into poor, moderate, and good. Chi-square analysis was employed to investigate associations between demographic factors and knowledge levels, with a significance level set at p < 0.05, enhancing the robustness of the study's findings. This study included 407 completed eligible responses. About 63.56% of participants were female, with 52.1% employed in pharmacy chains. While 91.2% of pharmacists recognized probiotics' role in immune support, only 30% were aware of their cardiovascular benefits. Moreover, chewing gum was the least known dosage form of probiotics, recognized by only 16.7% of respondents. Additionally, only 57% of the participants recognized liposomes as a dosage form. In practice, most pharmacists recommended storing probiotics at room temperature, accounting for 66.6%. The most prevalent misconception encountered in the pharmacy setting was the belief that probiotics are primarily intended for gastrointestinal tract problems, at 79.1% of the respondents. Regarding perception, the agreement was observed regarding the safety of probiotics for all ages. Perceived barriers included the high cost of probiotics, with the majority (86.5%) indicating this as a significant obstacle, while lack of demand was identified as the minor barrier by 64.6%. Additionally, an association was found at a significance level of p < 0.05 with knowledge, gender, educational level, type and location of pharmacy, and source of information. The study highlights knowledge gaps in pharmacists' understanding of probiotic applications beyond digestive health, particularly cardiovascular health and depression. Targeted educational interventions are necessary to address these gaps. The findings underscore the importance of ongoing professional development for pharmacists, enhancing their role in patient education and the promotion of probiotics for overall health.

Gender Determination Through Dental Morphology: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Microesthetics portrays the tooth morphology, shape, size, shade, and color. The debate of whether microesthetics may or may not be related to gender is the main focus or interest of our study. The aim of our study is to assess if dentists are able to identify the gender of the patient by evaluating the dental morphology using intraoral photographs only (retracted lips and cheeks). This study was a retrospective cross-sectional survey among general dentists and dental specialists practicing in Kuwait. A sample of 151 participants was approached through a multi-stage random sampling method. Data were collected through personal visits to each of the public dental centers. Of these 151 selected, a sample of 10 participants was randomly selected to repeat their participation and answer the questionnaire a second time 2 months after their initial partaking. The statistical analysis for the study was conducted using chi-square tests of goodness of fit and Pearson chi-square. The objectives of this were to compare the dentists' current performance to the task to see if it was due to chance, to compare their previous performance to chance, and to compare their previous and current performances using the McNemar test to determine if any significant differences existed. In our study, tooth morphology was linked to gender significantly by the participants, which showed that despite some differences, it may still be identified. However, orthodontists did not perform significantly better than other specialties. In conclusion, our study showed that dentists are able to identify or determine gender based on photographs, which is inconsistent with our starting hypothesis. Overall, the study's findings suggest that both orthodontists and dentists from other specialties could identify an individual's gender based on smiling photographs.

The interaction effect of time metaphors and destination-related user-generated content appeal on visit intention: A construal-level perspective

This study aims to explore the interaction effect of time metaphors and destination-related user-generated content (UGC) appeal on visit intention based on construal-level theory. The interaction effect was investigated in three scenario-based experiments. When representing the passage of time, people typically use one of the two time metaphors: the ‘ego-moving’ metaphor, where the ‘self’ moves away from the present toward an event in the future, or the ‘event-moving’ metaphor, where an event moves from the future and approaches the present self. This research has taken a construal-level perspective, suggesting that through the use of differing message appeals, time metaphors can influence the persuasiveness of UGC. The results of three studies suggest that combining an ego-moving (versus event-moving) metaphor with rational (versus emotional) UGC can elevate a person's visit intention and different levels of construal induced by time metaphors act as mediators. Theoretical and managerial implications are also discussed.

Exploring Teachers' Perspectives on Utilizing Local Resources to Address Substance Abuse within Schools

The purpose of this study was to identify the conceptual foundations that underlie school teachers' preferences for the utilization of personal resources to address the problem of substance abuse at the school level. Also, it was examined whether there is a relationship between the school teachers’ perceived approaches with their gender, school type, and socioeconomic status. The participants in the study consisted of school teachers working in secondary schools located in four densely populated districts of Karachi, Pakistan. The research was conducted using a mixed-method methodology. Data were collected by using semi-structured interviews through personal visits. A qualitative analysis method was used to find out the perceptions of school teachers regarding their preferred approach to deal the issue of drug abuse. In addition, a quantitative analysis was performed to ascertain the relationship, if any, between participants' demographics and their preferred approach. The results show that the school teachers selected effective strategies to address this issue at the school level within their means, including emotional competence, psychological competence, religion, and monitoring.

Distance Decay of Urban Park Visitation: Roles of Personal Characteristics and Visitation Patterns

Distance decay of urban park visitation (e.g., visitation number and visitation frequency) has been widely acknowledged and is increasingly integrated into urban park planning and management considering spatial accessibility and service equity. However, thorough understandings especially concerning the variations among visitors with different personal characteristics and visitation patterns are still scarce. Taking Changsha, China as an example, we collected data on visitation distance (i.e., the distance between urban parks and visitor’s homes) and visitation frequency of 2535 urban park visitors, modeled the distance decay of visitation density and visitation frequency, and investigated their variations among visitors with different personal characteristics and visitation patterns. The results show that: (1) The median visitation distance was 1.3 km and the median visitation frequency was 24 times per season. (2) Both visitation density and visitation frequency showed clear spatial patterns of distance decay and can be effectively modeled using common distance decay functions (e.g., power function, exponential function, and logarithmic function). (3) Visitors’ characteristics (e.g., gender and age) and visitation patterns (e.g., duration time, transportation modes, and visitation purposes) significantly impact visitation distance, visitation frequency, and the characteristics of distance decay (i.e., the rate of distance decay). These findings extend our understanding of the distance decay of urban park visitation which can help better urban park planning and management.

Navigating Maritime Heritage: An Immersive Virtual Tour of the USS Drum Submarine Museum

Virtual Reality (VR) technology has revolutionized the preservation and interpretation of heritage sites. This study focuses on developing an immersive 360-degree virtual tour (VT) for the USS Drum Submarine Museum in Mobile, Alabama, USA, incorporating oral histories to enhance the accessibility and visitor experiences. The project addresses the need for innovative methods to present maritime history effectively. Using Matterport technology, detailed 3D imagery of the USS Drum was captured and processed, integrating multimedia elements and oral histories from a veteran USS Drum crew member to provide a richer historical narrative. A user experience study gathered feedback from virtual visitors, who offered quantitative and qualitative responses. The research findings indicate that the VT significantly enhances visitor engagement and historical understanding, with high satisfaction rates for visual quality and oral histories, though some users experienced technical challenges and difficulties. This study demonstrates the potential of combining immersive VTs with oral histories to create engaging educational experiences, preserving the USS Drum’s legacy and making it accessible to a broader audience, including those unable to visit in person. Furthermore, this project sets a precedent for museums to leverage digital tools in preserving and promoting maritime heritage and oral histories.

Identifying Students’ Attitude Toward Cooperative Learning at the University Level

Cooperative learning empowers people to work together towards success that not only benefits them but also to the benefit of the group at large. This study focuses on the investigation of attitudes toward cooperative learning among students at a university and whether such attitudes contain gender-based differences. It also investigated the relationship between academic performance and attitudes toward cooperative learning among students and student mindset towards attendance in morning or evening shifts. Descriptive survey design was used in the study. Postgraduate students were chosen from the Department of Education of three public-sector universities in Lahore. A sample comprising 250 students was selected by using simple random sampling. The researcher collected the data through personal visits. The analysis involved calculating the mean, standard deviation, independent sample t-test, and Pearson correlation to explore the study’s findings. Findings showed that students’ general attitude towards cooperative learning is positive as the mean scores range from 2.84 to 3.34 on the survey scales. The analysis showed that male and female students’ opinions were the same during the morning and evening shifts. There is a negative correlation between students’ attitudes toward cooperative learning and their CGPA. In relation to these results, the study also revealed that incorporating cooperative learning into the classrooms can be particularly beneficial for those who might fail academically.

Trustworthiness, motivation and reward as predictors of knowledge sharing attitude and intention among students

Purpose Knowledge is considered an asset for any organization. To distribute knowledge and expertise among stakeholders of an organization, there is a need to develop knowledge sharing (KS) culture. However, different factors affect KS. This study aims to identify the influence of trustworthiness (trust, ability, benevolence and integrity) and motivation and reward on KS attitudes and intentions of law students. Design/methodology/approach The objectives of the study were achieved by using a quantitative research design. Law students of the colleges affiliated with Punjab University were the population for the present research. The sampling frame of the study was all law colleges, and data was collected through a convenient sampling technique. Data was collected through personal visits to sampled colleges. Questionnaires were circulated among 330 respondents and two hundred valid responses were collected with a 61% response rate. Descriptive analysis was completed using SPSS and path analysis was measured through SmartPLS. The quality of the measurement model was assessed and then hypotheses were tested. Findings Findings revealed that there was no impact of trustworthiness (trust, ability, benevolence and integrity) on the KS attitude of students. However, motivation and rewards significantly impacted (ß = 0.590; p &gt; 0.01) the KS attitudes. KS attitude also has a significant impact on KS intentions (ß = 0.560; p &gt; 0.01). Originality/value The current study is a valuable addition to the literature by providing the impact of trustworthiness, motivation and reward on law students’ KS intentions and attitudes in developing countries. The present study also provides insights for authorities and decision-makers in making decisions regarding the development of KS among students.

Administrative Analysis of the Home-Based Older Persons Upstreaming Prevention Physical Therapy Program: A Pilot Observational Study.

Introduction Traditionally, physical therapist (PT) services do not commence until an injury, fall, or health issue has already occurred although there is increasing evidence that preventative programs administered by PTs may decrease the fall risk among elderly individuals.The purpose of this study was to examine billing, reimbursement, and administrative outcomes of the previously established and investigated prevention-based screening and intervention HOP-UP-PT (Home-based Older Persons Upstreaming Prevention-Physical Therapy) program delivered by a physical therapist in the home of older adults after being referred by a community partner. A randomized controlled trial of the HOP-UP-PT program demonstrated an 8-fold reduction in falls for participants at moderate and high fall risk compared to those who did not participate in the program. Methods Aprospective observational study was performed to examine administrative and payment outcomes of HOP-UP-PT participation. Participants were referred into the HOP-UP-PT program via a local community center. Physician authorization for physical therapy participation was obtained for each participant as required for payment under United States' Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)guidelines. The HOP-UP-PT program is preventative physical therapy delivered in the person's home with five in person visits (approximately one per month) followed by a monthly telehealth visit and a final in-person visit.Interventions included a balance program, home safety recommendations, health coaching, and addressing individual risks of falling or becoming homebound. A retrospective analysis was performed on the administrative andinsurance payment data from this study which was then analyzed descriptively. Results Six participants with four different insurances completed the 7-month program (mean age=77 years) in 2021. The physical therapy visits were submitted to the participants' Medicare Part B plan. One participant's physical therapy visits were not submitted for payment as the health system did not have an active agreement with that health insurer. Due to the unclear status of telehealth visits in 2021, these services were not submitted to the insurance company for payment.All other PT visits were paid by the insurance companies. The mean amount paid for the initial evaluation code was $102.83 and the mean payment for the ~15 minute treatment codes was $25.90 per unit. Initial pilot data demonstrated a potential for a4.2% positive operating margin when considering salary costs and travel.The mean delay from the initial referral into the HOP-UP-PT program until the physician provided written authorization for physical therapy was 69.7 days. Conclusion This study demonstrated initial evidence that payment for prevention-focused outpatient physical therapist services delivered in the home was feasible, however delays and costsin procuring physician authorization was a substantial barrier to prevention-focused physical therapy. A 4.2% operating margin demonstrated that, when efficiently operated, similar programs are likely to be viable. Furthermore, if telehealth services would have been paid, the operating margin was estimated to increase to 32%. Physical therapists are highly qualified to deliver efficient, effective preventative services which has the potential to reduce falls and institutionalization and subsequent healthcare cost savings.

Navigating Real-World Randomized Clinical Trials: The 'Parents as Teachers' Experience.

The Parents as Teachers Randomized Controlled Trial (PAT RCT) Case Study investigates the multifaceted impact of implementing the PAT RCT in Arizona, U.S.A., shedding light on both the positive and negative effects. There has been a recent focus on improving the implementation of RCTs in community settings, as this issue has not been fully addressed. This research presents a case study examining the implementation of a community-based RCT in home visitation. This study also addresses the strategies that can be employed to mitigate some of the challenges in the implementation of an RCT, offering valuable insights for future RCTs in the domain of home visiting. The PAT program, aimed at providing parent education and family engagement for children from birth to kindergarten, encompasses a range of services, including personal visits, group connections, child screenings, and community resource linkages. The Parents as Teachers Randomized Controlled Trial (PAT RCT) directly promotes health by educating parents about health and wellness as well as providing early child screenings and heath referrals, all of which enhance health outcomes through timely interventions and improved parental practices. Lessons from the study also aim to improve the implementation of future health-related RCTs, ensuring effective delivery and impactful results.

Exploring the Frontiers of Space in 3D

An immersive, virtual exhibit of large telescopes and space missions is described. The exhibit overcomes the difficulty members of the public have in appreciating the scale and complexity of modern, astronomical research facilities. Using very detailed 3D models, ground- and space-based telescopes that are impossible to visit in person can be explored through a virtual space, created with Epic Games’ Unreal Engine tool.

Video Recording of a Personal Visit: Is It Possible to Prohibit?

Video Recording of a Personal Visit: Is It Possible to Prohibit?

Exploring the geographical dimensions of an urban periodic market in the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam, India: insights into its structure and functioning

ABSTRACT The present study delves into understanding the dynamics and significance of the Morigaon town weekly market (MTWM), located in the central agro-climatic region of the Brahmaputra Valley, India. The primary objective is to examine the structure, functions and characteristics of this urban periodic market. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive methodology was employed, including personal field visits, market observations, respondent surveys of 300 vendors and 300 customers, and focus group discussions. The findings indicate a substantial demand among urban dwellers for local agricultural products, leading to a notable expansion of the market over the years. It has also been found that the majority of vendors, comprising 78% of the total, participate in this market regularly, with 54% of them travelling from neighbouring villages within a range of 10-15 km. This study underscores the importance of periodic markets in facilitating economic interactions between urban and rural areas, especially in regions such as the Brahmaputra Valley. The findings not only enhance understanding of the MTWM, but also offer insights for developing policies and strategies to support similar markets globally where similar economic dynamics exist.

The Relationship Between Citizen Perceptions on Government Transparency and Economic Development: A Case of Thika Town Sub-County, in Kiambu County, Kenya

This study examined the relationship between citizens' perception of government transparency and economic development in Thika Town Sub-County, Kiambu County, Kenya. The data collected on the first objective are explained in this section. Financial constraints were found to hinder citizens' ability and willingness to access resource allocation information, limiting their capacity to travel to county offices, access the internet, or purchase materials containing the relevant information. Despite this, respondents agreed to a great extent that the county government is transparent about how funds are spent in different sectors (mean = 3.7597, std. deviation = 0.69095), that the process for county resource allocation is clearly communicated to citizens (mean = 3.5581, std. deviation = 0.83128), and that information about how resources are allocated is easily accessible to the public (mean = 3.5116, std. deviation = 0.91101). The study’s third objective was to assess whether openness and transparency of the county's contracting and procurement practices influence economic development in Thika Town Sub-County in Kiambu County, Kenya. The findings were as follows. Concerning openness and transparency of county contracting and procurement practices, 63% of respondents indicated that information about county contracts and procurements is private, while 22% said it is available, and 15% were unsure. The majority of respondents (61%) indicated that the county's contracting and procurement processes are somewhat transparent, while 24% said they are very transparent, and 15% said they are not transparent at all. Even when information on county contracts and procurements is available, it may not be easily accessible due to bureaucratic hurdles, outdated or incomplete online resources, and the need for personal visits to county offices. Despite these challenges, respondents greatly agreed that the procurement and tendering process is open and transparent (mean = 3.7907, std. deviation = 0.78735), that increased transparency in contracting/procurement has benefited local businesses (mean = 3.7054, std. deviation = 0.80314), and that award criteria and selection methods are clearly defined and available (mean = 3.6419, std. deviation = 0.93763). The study concludes that while efforts exist to promote transparency in resource allocation, there are still gaps in the adequacy and accessibility of information. Financial constraints can be a barrier to citizens' engagement with government processes and access to information, potentially hindering their ability to hold the government accountable and contribute to economic development. The study concludes that addressing financial barriers and improving the accessibility and comprehensibility of resource allocation information could enhance citizens' participation and, consequently, economic development. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, civil society organizations, and citizens in Thika Town Sub-County and beyond, highlighting the need for a comprehensive and balanced approach to transparency reforms that prioritizes both information disclosure and citizen empowerment. The study concludes that by addressing the identified challenges and strengthening transparency and participation mechanisms, local governments can create a more conducive environment for sustainable economic growth and improve the lives of their citizens.

The effects of telepresence with real-time video and audio communication on parent-infant interaction and staff experience in neonatal intensive care unit

ObjectiveWe implemented an online visitation system named “telepresence” in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for family members at home to communicate with their babies in real-time using video and audio. This study evaluated the impact of this system on families and medical staff. MethodsNineteen families of babies admitted to the NICU between 2022 and 2023 and 65 medical staff participated. Each family experienced two weeks of virtual visits. Changes in parental depression and attachment were assessed. ResultBefore and after telepresence, the median Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score reduced from 6 to 4 (p = 0.026), and the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale score showed a decreasing trend, with both medians at 2 (p = 0.057). Eighty-nine percent of the parents and 97% of staff reported that telepresence did not increase parental stress, and 88% of parents felt positive changes in their baby's siblings. All parents wanted to visit their babies in person after seeing them on camera. ConclusionTelepresence improved parental mental health, reduced family distress, and supported connection with their infants, making them eager to visit in person. InnovationsThis technology potentially make parents want to visit more by helping them feel more connected to their infants.

Role of Agnikarma in Pain Management

Pain is a bad feeling that makes a person visit a doctor because it prevents them from doing their daily tasks. When Sandhigata Vata affects movable joints of the body, like the knee joint (Janusandhi), the condition becomes more excruciating. Due to its frequent involvement in daily routine work, its status as a weight-bearing joint, and its tendency to develop in overweight patients, the disease Sandhigata Vata is more likely to affect the knee joint. Vata Dosha is predominant in the pathophysiology of Sandhigata Vata, exhibiting symptoms like Vedana (pain during joint movement) and Shopha (swelling). The joint stiffness and crepitus (specific sound during joint movement) are symptoms that may be co-related in modern parlance with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint in this article details description given about Agnikarma.